Misplaced Pages

#987012

36-517: [REDACTED] Look up digesta in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Digesta may refer to: The book Digesta seu Pandectae , also called "Pandects", see Digest (Roman law) Food undergoing digestion Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Digesta . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

72-568: A chartered public university . The university is historically notable for its teaching of canon and civil law ; indeed, it was set up in large part with the aim of studying the Digest , a central text in Roman law , which had been rediscovered in Italy in 1070, and the university was central in the development of medieval Roman law . Until modern times, the only degree granted at that university

108-586: A collection of statutes, the Codex (Code) , which survives in a second edition, and an introductory textbook, the Institutes ; all three parts were given force of law. The set was intended to be complete, but Justinian passed further legislation, which was later collected separately as the Novellae Constitutiones (New Laws or, conventionally, the "Novels"). The original Codex Justinianus

144-724: A comparison of manuscripts". The principal surviving manuscript is the Littera Florentina of the late sixth or early seventh century. In the Middle Ages, the Digest was divided into three parts, and most of the manuscripts contain only one of these parts. The entire Digest was first translated into English in 1985 by the Scottish legal scholar Alan Watson . The Digest was discovered in Amalfi in 1135, prompting

180-820: A doctorate in science and a salaried position as a university professor, Laura Bassi . The University of Bologna has had a central role in the sciences during the medieval age and the Italian renaissance, where it housed and educated Nicholas Copernicus as well as numerous other renaissance mathematicians. It has educated a wide range of notable alumni, amongst them a large number of Italian scientists, prime ministers, supreme court judges, and priests. The University of Bologna has campuses in Cesena , Forlì , Ravenna and Rimini as well as branch centres abroad in Buenos Aires , New York , Brussels , and Shanghai . It houses

216-567: A former actuary for the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company . English translations have been published by Samuel Parsons Scott (1932) and Alan Watson (1985), the latter based on the Latin text published by Theodor Mommsen in 1878. University of Bologna The university saw the first woman to earn a university degree and teach at a university, Bettisia Gozzadini , and the first woman to earn both

252-616: A full-ride scholarship and additional benefits such as the assistance of a personal tutor and free accommodation at the Residence for Higher Study. In order to remain members of the Collegio Superiore students are required to maintain high marks in both their degree programme and the additional courses. Beatrice Fraboni, professor of Physics of Matter, has been head of Collegio Superiore since 2019. Notable former faculty include: The 2024 QS World University Rankings ranked

288-552: A revival of learning of Roman law throughout Europe. Other sources claim it was discovered in 1070 and formed a major impetus for the founding of the first university in Europe, the University of Bologna (1088). The codified authorities often conflicted. Therefore, Justinian ordered these conflicts to be settled and fifty of these were published as the "quinquaginta decisiones" (fifty decisions). Soon after, he further decreed that

324-655: The Lex Rhodia ("Rhodian law") articulates the general average principle of marine insurance established on the island of Rhodes in approximately 1000 to 800 BC as a member of the Doric Hexapolis , plausibly by the Phoenicians during the proposed Dorian invasion and emergence of the purported Sea Peoples during the Greek Dark Ages ( c.  1100–750 BC ) that led to the proliferation of

360-683: The Doric Greek dialect. The law of general average constitutes the fundamental principle that underlies all insurance . Also, in an opinion dated to approximately 220 AD during the reign of Elagabalus (218–222) of the Severan dynasty , Ulpian compiled a life table that would later be submitted in an article to the Journal of the Institute of Actuaries in 1851 by future U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley (1870–1892),

396-677: The Pandects ( Pandectae ; ‹See Tfd› Greek : Πανδέκται , Pandéktai , "All-Containing"), was a compendium or digest of juristic writings on Roman law compiled by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in 530–533 AD. It is divided into 50 books. The Digest was part of a reduction and codification of all Roman laws up to that time, which later came to be known as the Corpus Juris Civilis ( lit.   ' Body of Civil Law ' ). The other two parts were

SECTION 10

#1732765749988

432-400: The 19th century, a committee of historians led by Giosuè Carducci traced the founding of the university back to 1088, which would make it the oldest continuously operating university in the world. However, the development of the institution at Bologna into a university was a gradual process. Paul Grendler writes that "it is not likely that enough instruction and organization existed to merit

468-868: The DAMS murders (in Italian : Delitti del DAMS ), dealing with four victims who were students or professors of the DAMS: Angelo Fabbri (a brilliant student of Umberto Eco ), Liviana Rossi, the dancer Francesca Alinovi (who was stabbed for 47 times), and Leonarda Polvani. Higher education processes are being harmonised across the European Community. Nowadays the university offers 101 different " Laurea " or " Laurea breve " first-level degrees (three years of courses), followed by 108 " Laurea specialistica " or " Laurea magistrale " second-level degrees (two years). However 11 other courses have maintained

504-577: The Digest consists of the writings of Ulpian , while some one-sixth belongs to Paulus . The work was declared to be the sole source of non-statute law: commentaries on the compilation were forbidden, or even the citing of the original works of the jurists for the explaining of ambiguities in the text. One opinion written by Paulus at the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century in 235 AD about

540-572: The Sala degli Anziani of the Palazzo Pubblico . The University of Bologna awarded her a doctorate degree on 12 May. She became the first woman to receive a doctorate in science, and the second woman in the world to earn a philosophy doctorate after Elena Cornaro Piscopia in 1678, fifty-four years prior. She was by then popularly known as Bolognese Minerva . On 29 October 1732, the Senate and

576-539: The University of Bologna 154th in the world as well as 73rd (1st in Italy, 18th in Europe) with specific reference to academic reputation. In another measurement by the same organization, it was positioned among the world's top 100 universities for graduate employability. In the 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings , it claimed the 155th place globally. In the 2023 THE Impact Rankings , which measure

612-517: The University of Bologna granted Bassi's candidature, and in December she was appointed professor of natural philosophy to teach physics. She became the first salaried woman lecturer in the world, thus beginning her academic career. She was also the first woman member of any scientific establishment, when she was elected to the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna in 1732. Bassi became

648-468: The bull specified that the new university would have the same freedoms and privileges as the University of Bologna—a highly desirable situation for the Swedish scholars. This included the right of Uppsala to establish the four traditional faculties of theology , law ( Canon Law and Roman law ), medicine, and philosophy, and to award the bachelor's, master's, licentiate, and doctoral degrees. Laura Bassi

684-420: The city's pre-existing lay and ecclesiastical schools to teach them subjects such as liberal arts, notarial law, theology, and ars dictaminis ( scrivenery ). The lectures were given in informal schools called scholae . In time the various universitates scholarium decided to form a larger association, or Studium —thus, the university. The Studium grew to have a strong position of collective bargaining with

720-483: The city, since by then it derived significant revenue through visiting foreign students, who would depart if they were not well treated. The foreign students in Bologna received greater rights, and collective punishment was ended. There was also collective bargaining with the scholars who served as professors at the university. By the initiation or threat of a student strike , the students could enforce their demands as to

756-436: The content of courses and the pay professors would receive. University professors were hired, fired, and had their pay determined by an elected council of two representatives from every student "nation" which governed the institution, with the most important decisions requiring a majority vote from all the students to ratify. The professors could also be fined if they failed to finish classes on time, or complete course material by

SECTION 20

#1732765749988

792-414: The end of the semester. A student committee, the "Denouncers of Professors", kept tabs on them and reported any misbehavior. Professors themselves were not powerless, however, forming collegia doctorum (professors’ committees) in each faculty, and securing the rights to set examination fees and degree requirements. Eventually, the city ended this arrangement, paying professors from tax revenues and making it

828-410: The existing 23 faculties) are: The university is structured in 33 departments (66 until 2012), organized by homogeneous research domains that integrate activities related to one or more faculty. A new department of Latin history was added in 2015. The 33 departments are: In the early 1950s, some students of the University of Bologna were among the founders of the review "il Mulino". On 25 April 1951

864-425: The first issue of the review was published in Bologna. In a short time, "il Mulino" became one of the most interesting reference points in Italy for the political and cultural debate and established important editorial relationships in Italy and abroad. Editorial activities evolved along with the review. In 1954, the il Mulino publishing house (It. Società editrice il Mulino ) was founded, which today represents one of

900-586: The fully funded boarding college Collegio Superiore di Bologna, the Bologna School of Advanced Studies, the botanical gardens of Bologna , a large number of museums, libraries and archeological collections, as well as the Bologna University Press . The date of the University of Bologna's founding is uncertain. The university was granted a charter ( Authentica habita ) by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in 1158, but in

936-419: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digesta&oldid=932795311 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Digest (Roman law) The Digest ( Latin : Digesta ), also known as

972-623: The most important populariser of Newtonian mechanics in Italy. In 1971, the Graecist Benedetto Marzullo in company with Umberto Eco , Renato Barilli, Adelio Ferrero. instituted within the Faculty of Letters and Arts the DAMS ( acronym of discipline delle arti, della musica e dello spettacolo , "Dicipline of Arts , Musics and Performance "). It was the first degree course of this type to be opened in Italy. Between December 26, 1982, and November 29, 1983, there occurred

1008-569: The most relevant Italian publishers. In addition to this were initiated research projects (focusing mostly on the educational institutions and the political system in Italy), that eventually led, in 1964, to the establishment of the Istituto Carlo Cattaneo. The Collegio Superiore is an excellence institution inside the University of Bologna, aimed at promoting students' merit through dedicated learning programmes. The institution

1044-503: The previous rules of " Laurea specialistica a ciclo unico " or " Laurea magistrale a ciclo unico ", with only one cycle of study of five years, except for medicine and dentistry, which require six years of courses. After the " Laurea " one may attain first-level Master (one-year diploma, similar to a postgraduate diploma). After second-level degrees are attained, one may proceed to second-level Master, specialisation schools (residency) or research doctorates (PhD). The 11 Schools (which replace

1080-429: The term university before the 1150s, and it might not have happened before the 1180s." The university arose around mutual aid societies (known as universitates scholarium ) of foreign students called " nations " (as they were grouped by nationality) for protection against city laws which imposed collective punishment on foreigners for the crimes and debts of their countrymen. These students then hired scholars from

1116-471: The works of these ancient writers, which totalled over 1,500 books, be condensed into fifty books. These were to be entitled Digesta in Latin and Pandectae or Pandéktai ( Πανδέκται ) in Greek. In response to this order of December 15, 530 ("Deo auctore"), Tribonian created a commission of sixteen members to do the work—one government official, four professors, and eleven advocates. The commission

Digesta - Misplaced Pages Continue

1152-567: Was born into a prosperous family of Bologna and was privately educated from the age of five. Bassi's education and intellect was noticed by Prospero Lorenzini Lambertini, who became the Archbishop of Bologna in 1731 (later Pope Benedict XIV ). Lambertini became the official patron of Bassi. He arranged for a public debate between Bassi and four professors from the University of Bologna on 17 April 1732. In 1732, Bassi, aged twenty, publicly defended her forty-nine theses on Philosophica Studia at

1188-402: Was founded in 1998 as Collegio d'Eccellenza . Together with the Institute for Advanced Study it is part of the Institute for Higher Study. The Collegio Superiore offers an additional educational path to students enrolled in a degree programme at the University of Bologna, providing specialized courses as part of an interdisciplinary framework. All students of the Collegio Superiore are granted

1224-448: Was given the power to condense and alter the texts in order to simplify, clarify, and eliminate conflicts among them. The Digest's organization is complex: each of the fifty books is divided into several titles, each containing several extracts, and many of the extracts have several parts or paragraphs. Research in the modern era has created a highly probable picture of how the commission carried out its task. Approximately two-fifths of

1260-566: Was promulgated in April of 529 by the C. "Summa". This made it the only source of imperial law, and repealed all earlier codifications. However, it permitted reference to ancient jurists whose writings had been regarded as authoritative. Under Theodosus II's Law of Citations , the writings of Papinian , Paulus , Ulpian , Modestinus , and Gaius were made the primary juristic authorities who could be cited in court. Others cited by them also could be referred to, but their views had to be "informed by

1296-464: Was the doctorate. Bettisia Gozzadini earned a law degree in 1237, being one of the first women in history to obtain a university degree. She taught law from her own home for two years, and in 1239 she taught at the university, becoming the first woman in history to teach at a university. In 1477, when Pope Sixtus IV issued a papal bull , authorizing the creation of Uppsala University in Sweden,

#987012