The action film is a film genre that predominantly features chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work. The specifics of what constitutes an action film has been in scholarly debate since the 1980s. While some scholars such as David Bordwell suggested they were films that favor spectacle to storytelling, others such as Geoff King stated they allow the scenes of spectacle to be attuned to storytelling. Action films are often hybrid with other genres, mixing into various forms such as comedies , science fiction films , and horror films .
243-472: Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction action film directed by Steven Spielberg , produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen , and starring Sam Neill , Laura Dern , Jeff Goldblum , and Richard Attenborough . It is the first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, and the first film in the original Jurassic Park trilogy, and is based on Michael Crichton 's 1990 novel of
486-490: A Gallimimus stampede being hunted by the Tyrannosaurus. Unable to decipher Nedry's code to reactivate the security system, Hammond and chief engineer Ray Arnold decide to reboot the park's systems. Muldoon reveals that Dinosaurs depend on lysine, and without it they will eventually die. The group shuts down the park's power grid and retreat to an emergency bunker, while Arnold heads to a maintenance shed to complete
729-586: A "desperate attempt to mask the lack of content." Geoff King argued that the spectacle can also be a vehicle for narrative, opposed to interfering with it. Soberson stated that Harvey O'Brien had "perhaps the most convincing understanding of the genre", stating that the action film was "best understood as a fusion of form and content. It represents the idea and ethic of action through a form in which action, agitation and movement are paramount." O'Brien wrote further in his book Action Movies: The Cinema of Striking Back to suggest action films being unique and not just
972-555: A 36 percent share of all available viewers that night. Jurassic Park was the highest-rated theatrical film broadcast on television by any network since the April 1987 airing of Trading Places . In June–July 1995, the film aired a number of times on the Turner Network Television (TNT) network. Jurassic Park became the highest-grossing film released worldwide up to that time, replacing Spielberg's own E.T.
1215-510: A Global release status of Chinese-language martial arts films, most notably Zhang Yimou 's Hero (2002) and House of Flying Daggers (2004), Stephen Chow 's Kung Fu Hustle (2004) and Chen Kaige 's The Promise (2005). Most Hong Kong action films in the first quarter of the 21st century, such as those in Cold War (2012), Cold War 2 (2016) and The White Storm film series have their violence toned down, especially compared to
1458-437: A box set with the sequel The Lost World: Jurassic Park and both movies' soundtrack albums. It was the 13th-best-selling DVD of 2000 counting both versions, finishing the year with 910,000 units sold. Following the release of Jurassic Park III , a new box set with all the films called Jurassic Park Trilogy was released on December 11, 2001. It was repackaged as Jurassic Park Adventure Pack on November 29, 2005. The trilogy
1701-510: A casting office, and they just wanted me to scream. I heard later on that Steven had watched a few girls on tape that day, and I was the only one who ended up waking his sleeping wife on the couch, and she came running through the hallway to see if the kids were all right". Christina Ricci also auditioned for the role. Joseph Mazzello had screen-tested for a role in Hook , but was deemed too young. Spielberg promised him they would work together on
1944-499: A consultant for dinosaur anatomy, and his stop motion animators were retrained as computer animators. The animatics Tippett's team made were also used, along with the storyboards , as a reference for what would be shot during the action sequences. ILM's artists were sent on private tours to the local animal park, so they could study large animals – rhinos, elephants, alligators, and giraffes – up close. They also took mime classes to aid in understanding movements. Universal paid Crichton
2187-514: A conversion. Once he saw the 3D version of Titanic in 2012, he liked the new look of the film so much that he hired the same retrofitting company, Stereo D. Spielberg and cinematographer Janusz Kamiński closely supervised the nine-month process in-between the production of Lincoln . Stereo D executive Aaron Parry said the conversion was an evolution of what the company had done with Titanic , "being able to capitalize on everything we learned with Jim [James Cameron] on Titanic and take it into
2430-464: A critical and commercial success. After the film adaptation of Jurassic Park was released to home video , Crichton was pressured from many sources for a sequel novel. Crichton declined all offers until Spielberg himself told him that he would be keen to direct a film adaptation of the sequel, if one were written. Crichton began work almost immediately and in 1995 published The Lost World . Crichton confirmed that his novel had elements taken from
2673-423: A critical success, with praise directed at its special effects, sound design, action sequences, John Williams 's score, and Spielberg's direction. The film won over 20 awards, including three Academy Awards for technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. Following its 20th anniversary re-release in 2013, Jurassic Park became the oldest film in history to surpass $ 1 billion in ticket sales and
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#17327869114482916-465: A day, the film was the eighth highest-grossing film of all time in the UK and after just three weeks, it became the highest-grossing , surpassing Ghost , eventually doubling the record with a gross of £47.9 million. It spent a record eight consecutive weekends at the top of the UK box office . Jurassic Park would remain as Europe's box office leader before being surpassed by Aladdin . In Australia,
3159-522: A different genre and movie, and one with so many technical achievements". The studio had the help of ILM, which contributed some elements and updated effects shots for a better visual enhancement. It opened in the United States and seven other territories on April 5, 2013, with other countries receiving the re-release over the following six months. In 2018, the film was re-released in select theaters to celebrate its 25th anniversary. On August 25, 2023,
3402-527: A dinosaur theme park proposed by InGen, but it fails to open after the animals escape. In the novel, the Costa Rican government declares the island unsafe and has it napalmed ; in the film series, the island continues to exist until the Jurassic World trilogy. In Jurassic World , the theme park idea has been carried out successfully by Masrani Global Corporation. By the end of the film however,
3645-463: A disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs . It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg 's 1993 film adaptation . The film received a theatrical 3D re-release in 2013, and was selected in 2018 for preservation in
3888-436: A fight sequence. In the 1980s, American martial arts films reflected the national move towards conservatism, reflected in films of Chuck Norris and other actors such as Sho Kosugi . The genre would shift from theatrical releases towards the end of the decade with the rise of home video, the lower box-office of American martial arts productions, and a significant portion of direct-to-video action films that first were made in
4131-550: A fleeting glimpse of the dinosaurs, a tactic journalist Josh Horowitz described as "that old Spielberg axiom of never revealing too much" after Spielberg and director Michael Bay did the same for their production of Transformers in 2007. The film was marketed with the tagline "An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making". This was a joke Spielberg made on set about the genuine, thousands of years old mosquito in amber used for Hammond's walking stick. Jurassic Park premiered at
4374-469: A forest climate. Filming also took place on sound stages at Universal Studios Hollywood , and a beach scene was shot on Kauai. The third film largely uses Oahu and Kauai to represent Isla Sorna, as the original film had done for Isla Nublar. A jungle set was also built on a sound stage at Universal Studios. In 1983, Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a pterosaur being cloned from fossil DNA . After wrestling with this idea for
4617-538: A further $ 500,000 to adapt his own novel, which he had finished by the time Spielberg was filming Hook . Crichton noted that because the book was "fairly long", his script had about 10 to 20 percent of the novel's content; scenes were dropped for budgetary and practical reasons, and the violence was toned down. Malia Scotch Marmo began a script rewrite in October 1991 over a five-month period, merging Ian Malcolm with Alan Grant. Spielberg wanted another writer to rework
4860-408: A future film. Richard Attenborough was cast as John Hammond, but was initially hesitant to join the project, which marked his first acting role in 14 years. He eventually signed on to play the role at the insistence of Spielberg, who told him, "I can't see anyone else playing it but you". Cameron Thor had worked with Spielberg on Hook , and auditioned for the role of Malcolm, before trying out for
5103-437: A global audience of these films in the United States and Europe, but was cut short on Lee's death in 1973 leading the phases popularity to decline. Following a period of stagnation, Chang Cheh and Lau Kar-leung revitalized the genre with shaolin kung fu films and Chor Yuen 's series of darker swordplay films based on the novels of Gu Long . Kung Fu comedies appeared featuring Jackie Chan as martial arts films flourished into
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#17327869114485346-585: A gross of DM 16.8 million ($ 10.5 million) from 644 screens. In Italy, it also had the widest release ever in 344 theaters and grossed a record Lire 9.5 billion ($ 6.1 million). After 115 days of release, it surpassed E.T. as the highest-grossing film worldwide of all time. It eventually opened in France on October 20, 1993, and grossed a record 75 million F ($ 13 million) in its opening week from over 515 screens. Its first week admissions in France of almost 2.3 million surpassed
5589-438: A helicopter to leave the island and its doomed creatures. Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a graduate student who recreates a dinosaur. He continued to wrestle with his fascination with dinosaurs and cloning until he began writing the novel Jurassic Park . Before its publication, Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989, while he was discussing a screenplay with Crichton that would become
5832-566: A hero overcoming enemies or obstacles and physical conflicts or challenge, usually battling other humans or alien opponents. By late 2010s studies of genre analysis, the term "genre" itself is often replaced or supplemented with the words "mode" and "narrative form" with all three terms often being used interchangeably. Johan Höglund and Agnieszka Soltysik Monnet said that the difference between these concepts are elusive, but stated that genre could be defined as belonging to specific historical and cultural moments while "mode" and "form" can refer to
6075-408: A kitchen, but they escape, locking one in a freezer before joining Grant and Sattler. The group reaches the control room, and Lex restores the park's systems, allowing them to contact Hammond, who calls for help. As they try to leave, they are cornered by the two remaining raptors, but the Tyrannosaurus appears and kills them while the group flees. Hammond arrives in a jeep with Malcolm, and they board
6318-409: A laboratory on the latter island was built only as a showroom for tourists. Isla Sorna is significantly larger than Isla Nublar and has various climates including tropical , highland tropical and temperate rainforest. It is part of a five-island chain known as Las Cinco Muertes (Spanish for "The Five Deaths"), although the other islands do not play a role in the novels or films. However, they are used as
6561-454: A larger pattern that operates across a wider historical and cultural field. In their book Action Cinema Since 2000 (2024), Tasker, Lisa Purse, and Chris Holmlund stated that thinking of action as a mode is more helpful than thinking of it as a genre. The three authors suggested that action frames a certain manner of filmmaking and viewing exceed genre without eclipsing it stating that websites such as IMDb and Misplaced Pages rarely label films by
6804-425: A little off the point", pointing out the story arc of Grant learning to protect Hammond's grandchildren despite his initial dislike of them. Empire magazine gave the film five stars, calling it "quite simply one of the greatest blockbusters of all time". In March 1994, Jurassic Park won all three Academy Awards for which it was nominated: Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , and Best Visual Effects (at
7047-432: A man working for Hammond's corporate rival, to steal frozen dinosaur embryos . He deactivates the park's security system to access the embryo storage room and stores them inside a container disguised as a Barbasol shaving cream can. Nedry's sabotage cuts power to the tour vehicles, stranding them as they near the park's Tyrannosaurus rex paddock. Most of the park's electric fences have also been deactivated, allowing
7290-408: A miniseries released in 2019. DreamWorks Animation also produced two animated series for Netflix , Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous (2020–2022) and Jurassic World: Chaos Theory (2024), both set during the Jurassic World trilogy. As of 2000, the franchise had generated $ 5 billion in revenue, making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The film series is also one of
7533-449: A mission to rescue Isla Nublar's dinosaurs from a volcanic eruption by relocating them to a new island sanctuary. They discover that the mission is part of a scheme to sell the captured dinosaurs on the black market in order to fund his party's genetic research. The captured dinosaurs are brought to an estate in northern California, where several of the creatures are auctioned and subsequently shipped to their new owners. A new hybrid dinosaur,
Jurassic Park (film) - Misplaced Pages Continue
7776-704: A new special effects company, Digital Domain . In 2018, Jurassic Park was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". It also started a trend of dubbing US films into Hindi for the Indian market and was the highest-grossing US film in India at the time with a gross of $ 3 million. Science fiction action film While
8019-621: A path that led him to The Lord of the Rings and King Kong . Jurassic Park also inspired films and documentaries with dinosaurs such as the American adaptation of Godzilla , Dinosaur from the Deep , Carnosaur (in which Laura Dern's mother Diane Ladd starred), Dinosaur Island and Walking with Dinosaurs . Stan Winston, enthusiastic about the new technology pioneered by the film, joined with IBM and director James Cameron to form
8262-554: A propensity for violent action, identified with the films of Chang Cheh . Violent female characters have been part of cinema since its early inception, with characters such as Kate Kelly brandishing a shotgun in The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906). Women traditionally appear in action films as romantic interests, tomboys , or sidekicks to male protagonists. Violent white women would appear in other genres as well such as
8505-516: A realization that many of their visions, previously thought unfeasible or too expensive, were now possible. ILM owner George Lucas , realizing the success of creating realistic live dinosaurs by his own company, started to make the Star Wars prequels; Stanley Kubrick decided to invest in pet project A.I. Artificial Intelligence , which he later got Spielberg to direct; and Peter Jackson began to re-explore his childhood love of fantasy films ,
8748-464: A second trilogy of films began with the fourth film in the series, Jurassic World . The film was financially successful, and was followed by Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) and Jurassic World Dominion (2022). The Jurassic World films were co-written by Colin Trevorrow , who also directed the first and third installments in the trilogy. Jurassic World Rebirth , a new film set after
8991-466: A sense of 'awe' and fascination", given that the film dealt with the "overwhelming happiness and excitement" of seeing live dinosaurs. More suspenseful scenes such as the Tyrannosaurus attack required frightening themes. The first soundtrack album was released on May 25, 1993. For the 20th anniversary of the film's release, a new soundtrack was issued for digital download on April 9, 2013, including four bonus tracks selected by Williams. Universal took
9234-511: A series of action sequences, stating that that the difference between Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and Die Hard (1988), that while both were mainstream Hollywood blockbusters with hero asserting masculinity and overcoming obstacles to a personal and social solution, John McClane in Die Hard repeatedly firing his automatic pistol while swinging from a high rise was not congruent with
9477-745: A significant portion. These films include Taxi 2 (2000), Kiss of the Dragon (2001), District 13 (2004) and Unleashed (2005). Whan asked about the Americanization of these French films, Christophe Gans , director of Brotherhood of the Wolf (2001) stated that "Hollywood ownership of certain elements [...] must be challenged, in order to show that these elements have also long been present in European culture." The most significant producers of French action films with international ambitions
9720-658: A similar level of popularity to that of the Western in the United States. The most internationally known films of this era were the films Kurosawa with Seven Samurai (1954), The Hidden Fortress (1958), and Yojimbo (1961). By at least the 1950s, Japanese films were looked upon as a model to be emulated by Hong Kong film production, and Hong Kong film companies began actively enlisting professionals from Japan, such as cinematographer Tadashi Nishimoto to contribute to color and widescreen cinematography. New literary sources also developed in martial arts films of this period, with
9963-406: A single genre and that streaming services such as Amazon Prime and Netflix similarly dilutes what is marketed and received as action. In transnational cinema, there are two major trends in action films: Hollywood action films and their style being imitated around the globe and the other being Chinese-language martial arts films. The roots of action films extend into the beginning of film but it
Jurassic Park (film) - Misplaced Pages Continue
10206-522: A single weekend. By the end of its first week, Jurassic Park had grossed a record $ 81.7 million. It grossed $ 100 million in a record nine days and remained at number one for three weeks. It eventually grossed $ 357 million in the U.S. and Canada, ranking second of all-time behind E.T. Box Office Mojo estimates the film sold over 86.2 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run. The film also did very well in international markets and
10449-399: A small group of visitors, including Hammond's grandchildren, struggle to survive and escape the now perilous island. Before Crichton's novel was published, four studios put in bids for its film rights. With the backing of Universal Pictures , Spielberg acquired the rights for $ 1.5 million before its publication in 1990. Crichton was hired for an additional $ 500,000 to adapt the novel for
10692-483: A story idea for a fourth film in 2001, during production of Jurassic Park III . In 2002, William Monahan was hired to write the script, with the film's release scheduled for 2005. Early aspects of the plot included dinosaurs escaping to the mainland, and an army of genetically modified dinosaur-human mercenaries. Monahan finished the first draft of the script in 2003. Sam Neill and Richard Attenborough were set to reprise their characters, while Keira Knightley
10935-507: A substantial percentage of the gross. Universal further paid Crichton $ 500,000 to adapt his own novel ( Malia Scotch Marmo , who was a writer on Spielberg's 1991 film Hook , wrote the next draft of Jurassic Park , but was not credited; David Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, and made numerous changes to the characters). Universal desperately needed money to keep their company alive, and partially succeeded with Jurassic Park , as it became
11178-457: A surge in discoveries about dinosaurs. Jurassic Park's biggest influence on subsequent films was a result of its breakthrough use of computer-generated imagery . The film is regarded as a landmark for visual effects . Film historian Tom Shone said of the film's innovation and influence, "in its way, Jurassic Park heralded a revolution in movies as profound as the coming of sound in 1927". Many filmmakers saw Jurassic Park ' s effects as
11421-473: A team of hunters to capture the creatures and bring them back to a theme park in San Diego. The two groups clash and are ultimately forced to work together to evade the predatory creatures and survive the second island. The film also stars Pete Postlethwaite , Richard Schiff , Vince Vaughn , Vanessa Lee Chester , Peter Stormare , and a young Camilla Belle . Joe Johnston had been interested in directing
11664-451: A three-act structure centered on survival, resistance and revenge with narratives where the physical body of the hero is tested, traumatized and ultimately triumphant. The third shift in action cinema, the postclassical, was defined by the predominance of Eastern cinema and its aesthetics, primarily the wire-work of Hong Kong action cinema from the classical era, through the convention of the increasingly computer generated effects. This saw
11907-594: A tough police officer protects society by upholding the law against systematic corruption. This extended into films which O'Brien described as "knee-jerk responses" to perceived threats with rogue cop and vigilante films such as Dirty Harry (1971) and Death Wish (1974) where the restoration of order is only possible by force and antisocial characters prepared to act when society does not. The vigilantism reappears in other films that were exploitative of southern society such as Billy Jack (1971) and White Lightning (1973) and "good ol' boy" comedies like Smokey and
12150-432: A while, he came up with the story of Jurassic Park . Crichton worked on the book for several years; he decided his first draft would have a theme park for the setting (similar to his 1973 film Westworld ) and a young boy as the main character. Response was extremely negative, so Crichton rewrote the story to make it from an adult's point of view, which resulted in more positive feedback. Steven Spielberg learned of
12393-475: A world filled with dinosaurs both ferocious and friendly. John Hammond ( Richard Attenborough ) is the owner of Jurassic Park, a theme park located on Isla Nublar. After an incident with a velociraptor, Hammond brings in three specialists to sign off on the park to calm investors. The specialists, paleontologist Alan Grant ( Sam Neill ), paleobotanist Ellie Sattler ( Laura Dern ), and chaos theorist Ian Malcolm ( Jeff Goldblum ), are surprised to see that
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#173278691144812636-503: A year for the shots that involved computer-generated dinosaurs to be completed. Jurassic Park was completed on May 28, 1993. John Williams began scoring the film at the end of February, and it was recorded a month later. Alexander Courage and John Neufeld provided the score's orchestrations . As with Close Encounters of the Third Kind , another Spielberg film he scored, Williams felt he needed to write "pieces that would convey
12879-510: Is Indominus rex , a genetically-modified hybrid of Tyrannosaurus rex and several other species, including Velociraptor , cuttlefish, tree frog, and pit viper . The Indominus Rex also features a chameleon-like camouflage ability, which was a plot element from the second Crichton novel unused in previous films. Jurassic World received generally positive reviews. It was the first film ever to gross over $ 500 million worldwide in its opening weekend, and grossed over $ 1.6 billion through
13122-463: Is Luc Besson 's France-based EuropaCorp , who released films like Taxi (1998) and From Paris with Love (2010). EuropaCorp produced Transporter franchise starred British actor Jason Statham and made him an action film star, which led him to feature in The Expendables series by the end of the 2010s. The action film genre has been a staple of Bollywood cinema . In the 1970s,
13365-455: Is a fictional Central American island that serves as the main setting in the first novel and its film adaptation , as well as Jurassic World . According to the novel, its name means "Cloud Island" in Spanish. The tropical island is located 120 miles (190 kilometres) west of Costa Rica and has an inactive volcano. In the first novel and film, Isla Nublar is the location of Jurassic Park,
13608-574: Is a generic term to refer to several types of films containing martial arts. The wuxia film is the oldest genre in Chinese cinema. Stephen Teo wrote in his book on Wuxia that there is no satisfactory English translation of the term, with it often being identified as "the swordplay film" in critical studies. It is derived from the Chinese words wu denoting militarist or martial qualities and xia denoting chivalry, gallantry, and qualities of knighthood. The term wuxia entered into popular culture in
13851-400: Is another fictional Central American island. It is 87 miles (140 km) southwest of Isla Nublar, and 207 miles (333 km) west of Costa Rica. It is the main setting for the second novel and its film adaptation , as well as the third film . Isla Sorna is where InGen conducted much of its dinosaur research. It is here that the dinosaurs were bred before being shipped off to Isla Nublar;
14094-621: Is based on Twin Dragons (1992). Other films such as the martial arts film Bhadrachlam (2001), borrows from American cinema with the Jean-Claude Van Damme film Kickboxer (1989). SS Rajamouli 's RRR (2022) was among the highest budgeted films made in India, and became a rare hit film outside of Indian diaspora, where it broke box office records in Japan and performed exceptionally well in American box office. Japan
14337-442: Is itself empowering and, if not, whether a hypersexualized female character can still represent strength and autonomy. Hypersexualized female action leads had tight fitting or revealing costumes that Tasker identified as "exaggerated statements of sexuality" and in the tradition of "fetishistic figure of fantasy" derives from comic books and soft pornography . This originated in television with characters like Buffy Summers ( Buffy
14580-513: Is not mentioned in Jurassic World or Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , but a promotional website for the latter film states that the island ecosystem suffered a breakdown after illegally-cloned animals were introduced there. The surviving dinosaurs were relocated to Isla Nublar for the opening of the Jurassic World theme park, leaving Sorna abandoned. Jurassic World Dominion shows the two adult Tyrannosaurus from Isla Sorna encountering
14823-415: Is notable for its recreation of dinosaurs, achieved primarily through animatronics and computer-generated imagery . The first film was praised for its dinosaur effects, and created an increased interest in the field of paleontology , while changing the public perception of dinosaurs with its modern portrayal. The World trilogy largely ignored recent paleontological findings to maintain continuity with
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#173278691144815066-409: Is only seven or eight and interested in sports. Spielberg did this because he wanted to work with the younger Joseph Mazzello, and it allowed him to introduce the subplot of Lex's adolescent crush on Grant. Koepp changed Grant's relationship with the children, making him hostile to them initially to allow for more character development. Two scenes from the book were ultimately excised. Spielberg removed
15309-516: Is tailor-made for Mr. Spielberg's talents [but] [i]t becomes less crisp on screen than it was on the page, with much of the enjoyable jargon either mumbled confusingly or otherwise thrown away". In Rolling Stone , Peter Travers called the film "colossal entertainment—the eye-popping, mind-bending, kick-out-the-jams thrill ride of summer and probably the year [...] Compared with the dinos, the characters are dry bones, indeed. Crichton and co-screenwriter David Koepp have flattened them into nonentities on
15552-504: Is the 20th-highest-grossing film in North America). It is the most financially successful film for NBCUniversal and Steven Spielberg. Recently, Jurassic Park has been proposed to be recognized as Intangible Geoheritage due to its cultural impact on the people's views about dinosaurs, including a change in the popular iconography of carnivorous dinosaurs. Jurassic Park had two re-releases: The first on September 23, 2011, in
15795-599: Is the first Jurassic Park film not to be based on a novel, although it does incorporate some unused plot elements from the Crichton novels, such as the river escape and the pterosaur aviary. Jurassic Park III had a troubled production, and received mixed reviews from critics. When their son Eric ( Trevor Morgan ) goes missing while parasailing at Isla Sorna, the Kirbys ( William H. Macy and Téa Leoni ) hire Alan Grant ( Sam Neill ) under false pretenses to help them navigate
16038-566: The Indoraptor (one of the primary antagonists of the film), escapes and terrorizes people at the estate, forcing Owen and Claire to survive the chaos and rampage in the estate. A subplot about human cloning was introduced in the film. Fallen Kingdom , similar to the second installment, The Lost World , re-explores the themes about the aftermath of the dinosaur park's demise on Isla Nublar and dinosaurs being used for exploitation by humans. Fallen Kingdom grossed over $ 1.3 billion, making it
16281-505: The Tyrannosaurus to escape and attack the group. After the Tyrannosaurus overturns a tour vehicle, it injures Malcolm and devours Gennaro, while Grant, Lex, and Tim escape. On his way to deliver the embryos to the island's docks, Nedry gets lost in the rain, crashes his Jeep Wrangler , and is killed by a venom-spitting Dilophosaurus . Sattler helps the game warden Robert Muldoon search for survivors; they find Malcolm just before
16524-578: The femme fatales in film noir and horror films of the 1970s. Violent women were common in action films since the 1960s. These films featured working-class women exacting revenge. Films of the 1970s featured black women such as Pam Grier in films like Foxy Brown (1974). In the 1980s, a new symbolically transgressive character emerged in the form of Ellen Ripley in Aliens (1986) and Sarah Connor in Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) and
16767-550: The Bollywood action film consolidated with two films starring Amitabh Bachchan : Prakash Mehra 's Zanjeer (1973) and Yash Chopra 's Deewaar (1975). The box office success of these films made Bachchan a star and spawned the "angry young man" film in Bollywood cinema. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the action genre film declined considerably with new films predominantly featuring former bodybuilders failing to reach
17010-558: The COVID-19 pandemic closing most theaters worldwide and limiting what films played, Jurassic Park returned to 230 theaters (mostly drive-ins). It grossed $ 517,600, finishing in first for the fourth time in its history. It became the first time a re-issue topped the box office since The Lion King in September 2011. It currently ranks as the 37th highest-grossing film of all time in the U.S. and Canada (not adjusted for inflation) and
17253-577: The Cretaceous period. This is acknowledged in the film during a scene where Dr. Grant describes the ferocity of the Velociraptor to a young boy, saying: "Try to imagine yourself in the Cretaceous period". Special effects work continued on the film, with Tippett's unit adjusting to new technology with Dinosaur Input Devices: models that fed information into computers to allow them to animate
17496-549: The Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi . While the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica , the novel's settings, were considered as locations, Spielberg's concerns over infrastructure and accessibility made him choose a place he had already worked. The three-week shoot involved various daytime exteriors for Isla Nublar's forests. On September 11, Hurricane Iniki passed directly over Kauaʻi, costing a day of shooting. Several of
17739-517: The Hong Kong action cinema , such melodramatic male bonding and marginalized women characters, while the Korean films also have greater elements of tragedy and romance emphasized. Most martial arts films made before the mid-1960s were Cantonese-language productions. In comparison, Mandarin-language films were an integral part of Hong Kong cinema due to the influx of Shanghai film talent in
17982-614: The Jurassic Park brand. The InGen name is visible in the film — on computer screens, helicopters, etc. — but is never spoken. InGen's corporate identity is more prominent in the second film. By the time that Jurassic World takes place, InGen and all its intellectual property have been absorbed by the Masrani Global Corporation. Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction describes InGen as comparable to other "sleazy organizations". Other sources reference
18225-564: The September 11 attacks in 2001, which suggested an end to fantastical elements that defined the action hero and genre. Following the release of Quentin Tarantino 's Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2003) and Kill Bill: Volume 2 (2004) revisited the tropes of 1970s action films leading a renaissance of vengeance narratives in films like The Brave One (2007) and Taken (2008). O'Brien found that Tarantino's films were post-modern takes on
18468-409: The T. rex in the rain took six hours per frame. Spielberg monitored their progress from Poland during the filming of Schindler's List , and had teleconferences four times a week with ILM's crew. He called working simultaneously on two vastly different productions "a bipolar experience", where he used "every ounce of intuition on Schindler's List and every ounce of craft on Jurassic Park ". Some of
18711-455: The T. rex skeleton and were approved to do more. When Spielberg and Tippett saw an animatic of the T. rex chasing a herd of Gallimimus , Spielberg said, "You're out of a job", to which Tippett replied, "Don't you mean extinct?" Spielberg put this exchange into the script as a conversation between Malcolm and Grant. Although no go motion was used, the production still used Tippett and his animators to supervise dinosaur movement. Tippett acted as
18954-470: The T. rex to shake and quiver from the extra weight when the foam absorbed it. This forced Stan Winston's crew to dry the model with shammys between takes. During the scene where the T. rex attack the SUV, the animatronic got close to the glass and it broke its tooth off. On set, Malcolm distracting the dinosaur with a flare was included at Goldblum's suggestion. He felt a heroic action was better than going by
19197-451: The T. rex , abandoning the original ending where Grant uses a platform machine to maneuver a raptor into a fossil tyrannosaur's jaws. The scene, which already included the juxtaposition of live dinosaurs in a museum filled with fossils, while also destroying the bones, now had an ending where the T. rex saved the protagonists, and afterward made what Spielberg described as a "King Kong roar" while an ironic banner reading "When Dinosaurs Ruled
19440-420: The Tyrannosaurus from Isla Nublar. In the same film, Ramsay Cole mentions that Isla Sorna's dinosaurs have been relocated to Biosyn's valley along with those from Isla Nublar that have been rounded up. The island briefly appears in video footage from 1986 shown to Maisie Lockwood by Henry Wu. For the second film, Humboldt County, California served as the primary location for scenes set on Isla Sorna, giving it
19683-444: The Tyrannosaurus returns and chases them away. Grant, Tim, and Lex take shelter in a treetop and encounter a Brachiosaurus herd. They discover the broken shells of dinosaur eggs the following morning. Grant concludes that the dinosaurs are breeding, which is possible because of amphibian DNA—animals like West African frogs can change their sex in a single-sex environment, enabling the dinosaurs to breed. The three later encounter
19926-479: The United Kingdom and the second in which it was converted into 3D on April 5, 2013, for its 20th anniversary, which resulted in the film passing the $ 1 billion mark at the worldwide box office. In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Before The Lost World
20169-805: The Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C. on June 9, 1993, in support of two children's charities. The film had previews on 1,412 screens starting at 9:30 pm EDT on Thursday, June 10, and officially opened on Friday in 2,404 theater locations and an estimated 3,400 screens. Following the film's release, a traveling exhibition called "The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park" began, showcasing dinosaur skeletons and film props. The film began its international release on June 25, in Brazil before further openings in South America and then rolling out around most of
20412-497: The novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . The book was also an outstanding success, both with professional and amateur critics. The film adaptation, The Lost World: Jurassic Park , began production in September 1996. Scott Ciencin wrote a trilogy of spin-off novels based upon Jurassic Park III . The series contained Jurassic Park Adventures: Survivor and Jurassic Park Adventures: Prey , both released in 2001, and Jurassic Park Adventures: Flyers , released
20655-510: The xinpai wuxia xiaoshuo (or "new school martial arts fiction") coming into prominence with the success of Liang Yusheng 's Longhu Dou Jinghua (1954) and Jin Yong 's Shujian enchou lu (1956) which showed influence of the Shanghai martial arts films but also circulated from Hong Kong to Taiwan and Chinese communities overseas. This led to a growing demand in both local and regional markets in
20898-422: The 17th overall. Over the years, film critics and industry professionals have often cited Jurassic Park as one of the greatest movies of the action and thriller genres. The movie is also an example of a techno-thriller . Jurassic Park' s pioneering use of computer-generated imagery is considered to have paved the way for the special effects practices of modern cinema. In 2018, it was selected for preservation in
21141-428: The 1960s with films like The Born Losers (1967) which was predominantly a drama, interspersed with martial arts scenes. American martial arts films predominantly came into production following the release of Enter the Dragon (1973), with the only higher-budgeted American film to follow in its wake being The Yakuza (1974). Lott noted the two films would lead to the two subsequent styles of martial arts films in
21384-609: The 1970s. James Monaco wrote in 1979 in American Film Now: The People, The Power, The Money, the Movies that "the lines that separate on genre from another have continued to disintegrate." Tasker said that most post-classical action films are hybrids, drawing from genres as varied as war films, science fiction , horror , crime, martial arts , and comedy films . In Chinese-language films, both wuxia and kung fu are genre-specific terms, while martial arts
21627-784: The 1980s. Other films again modernized the form with gangster films of John Woo ( A Better Tomorrow (1986), The Killer (1989)) and the Wong Fei Hung saga returning in Tsui Hark 's Once Upon a Time in China featuring Jet Li which again revitalized the swordplay styled films. By the turn of the century Hollywood action films would look towards Hong Kong cinema and bringing some of their major actors and directors over to apply their style to their films, such as Chan, Woo, Li, Michelle Yeoh and Yuen Woo-Ping . The release of Ang Lee 's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) led to
21870-486: The 1980s. This was followed by the post-classical era where American action films were influenced by Hong Kong action cinema and the growing using of computer generated imagery in film. Following the September 11 attacks , a return to the early forms of the genre appeared in the wake of Kill Bill and The Expendables films. Scott Higgins wrote in 2008 in Cinema Journal that action films are both one of
22113-560: The 1993 People's Choice Awards for Favorite All-Around Motion Picture. Young Artist Awards were given to Ariana Richards and Joseph Mazzello, with the film winning an Outstanding Action/Adventure Family Motion Picture award. In 2001, the American Film Institute ranked Jurassic Park as the 35th most thrilling film of American cinema . The film is included in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die , film lists by Empire magazine, and The Guardian . Over
22356-471: The 19th-greatest film franchise ever. In a 2010 poll, the readers of Entertainment Weekly rated it the greatest summer movie of the previous 20 years. In 2014, it was ranked as one of the 50 greatest films of all time in an extensive poll undertaken by The Hollywood Reporter , which balloted every studio, agency, publicity firm and production house in the Hollywood region. The movie's popularity led
22599-474: The 20th anniversary 3D conversion was issued on Blu-ray 3D. The film, alongside The Lost World , Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World , was released as part of a 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray box set on May 22, 2018, in honor of the original film's 25th anniversary. Jurassic Park was broadcast on television for the first time on NBC on May 7, 1995, following the April 26 airing of The Making of Jurassic Park . Some 68.12 million people tuned in, garnering NBC
22842-706: The 21st century have been comic book adaptations, which commenced with the X-Men and is seen in other series such as Spider-Man , and Iron Man series. Tasker wrote that despite the central characters in superhero cinema being extraordinary, occasionally even God-like, they often followed the traces of the central character becoming powerful of which is fundamental to action films, often dealt with origin stories in superhero films. Action films often interface with other genres. Tasker wrote that films are often labelled action thrillers, action-fantasy and action-adventure films with different nuances. Tasker later discussed that
23085-497: The 3D version of the film was re-released in theaters to celebrate its 30th anniversary. Jurassic Park was first officially released on VHS by CIC Video on October 3, 1994, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, where it had an exclusive seven-week rental window before going on sale on November 21. In the rest of the world, it was officially released on VHS and LaserDisc on October 4, 1994 (by MCA/Universal Home Video in
23328-423: The 44th highest-grossing film of all time. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively reported an approval rating of 92% based on 142 reviews, with an average rating of 8.50/10. The site's critical consensus reads: " Jurassic Park is a spectacle of special effects and lifelike animatronics, with some of Spielberg's best sequences of sustained awe and sheer terror since Jaws ". Metacritic gave
23571-522: The Bandit (1977). This era also emphasizes the car chase scenes as moments of spectacle in films like Bullitt and The French Connection (1971). O'Brien described these films as emphasizing "the fusion of man and machine" with the drivers and vehicles acting as one, concluding with what he described as "the ultimate in apocalyptic modernity and social erasure" in Mad Max 2 (1981). O'Brien described
23814-754: The Bollywood press who reported on him in the headlines of Bollywood magazines for his public brawls and affairs with leading actresses. In Dabangg (2010), Khan continued with this public persona, which was repeated in several of his later films such as Ready (2011), Bodyguard (2011), Ek Tha Tiger (2012) and Dabangg 2 (2012). From the 1980s, generations of actors in Telugu cinema have invoked Hong Kong action films, such as Srihari who stated he wanted to become an actor after watching his first Bruce Lee film. Several films in Telugu cinema were remakes of Hong Kong films, such as Hello Brother (1994) which
24057-598: The Dragon briefly allowed an influx of Hong Kong films to Japan, but the trend did not last, with 28 Hong Kong films, mostly kung fu films, being released in 1974, and the number decreasing to five in 1975, four in 1977 and only two in 1978. Ryuhei Kitamura , director of Versus (2000), said in 2004 that he grew frustrated with the Japanese film industry as producers felt they couldn't make action films in competition with Hong Kong or American productions. Versus grew to become popular outside of Japan, and Kitamura said he
24300-512: The Earth" flew. The film wrapped 12 days ahead of schedule on November 30, and within days, editor Michael Kahn had a rough cut ready, allowing Spielberg to start filming Schindler's List . Despite the film title's referencing the Jurassic period, Brachiosaurus and Dilophosaurus are the only dinosaurs featured that lived during that time; the other species featured did not exist until
24543-574: The Explorers to create the illusion that they are autonomous cars by hiding the driver in the car's trunk. Barris also customized the Jeep Wranglers featured in the production. The crew moved to Warner Bros. Studios ' Stage 16 to shoot the T. rex 's attack on the LSX powered SUVs. Shooting proved frustrating because when water soaked the animatronic dinosaur's foam rubber skin, it caused
24786-503: The Extra-Terrestrial (1982). It grossed $ 3.1 million from Thursday night screenings in the United States and Canada on June 10, and $ 50.1 million in its first weekend from 2,404 theaters, breaking the opening weekend record set by Batman Returns the year before. The film would hold that record for two years until 1995 when Batman Forever took it. Upon opening, it became the first film to generate $ 50 million in
25029-602: The Hong Kong film industry after the handover in 1997. Anglophone action film scholarship has tended to emphasize bigger budget American action films, with academics tending to find films that fall out of Hollywood productions as not quite fitting definitions of the genre. By 2024, many national and regional industries were known for action films. These include international films such as Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam , South Korean, Japanese, Thai , Brazilian , Chinese , South African , French and Italian action titles. At
25272-504: The Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching. During production, Spielberg described Godzilla as "the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made you believe it was really happening". Jurassic Park's biggest impact on subsequent films was a result of its breakthrough use of computer-generated imagery . The film is regarded as a landmark for visual effects . It received positive reviews from critics, who praised
25515-497: The Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching. During production, Spielberg described Godzilla as the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made him and viewers believe it was really happening. To create the dinosaurs, Spielberg thought of hiring Bob Gurr , who designed a giant mechanical King Kong for Universal Studios Hollywood 's King Kong Encounter . Upon reflection, he felt life-size dinosaurs would be too expensive and unconvincing. Instead Spielberg sought
25758-452: The Park trilogy, leading to criticism among paleontologists. Both Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World include a scene where a character states that any inaccuracies in the dinosaurs can be attributed to the fact that they are genetically-engineered animals. To better reflect modern discoveries, Jurassic World Dominion (2022) expanded upon the concept of feathered dinosaurs which
26001-578: The Planet of the Apes screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver were hired in 2012 to write an early draft of the script. In 2013, Colin Trevorrow was announced as a director and co-writer, with the film scheduled for release on June 12, 2015. The film was shot in Univisium 2.00:1 . The film features a new park, Jurassic World, built on the remains of the original park on Isla Nublar. The film sees
26244-807: The Red Lotus (1965) and King Hu 's Come Drink with Me (1966). In the 1970s, the Hong Kong martial arts films began to grow under the format of yanggang ("staunch masculinity") mostly through the films of Chang Cheh which were popular. This transition led to the kung fu film sub-genre at beginning of the decade and moved beyond the swordplay films with contemporary settings of late Qing or early Republican periods and had more hand-to-hand combat over supernatural swordplay and special effects. A new studio, Golden Harvest quickly became one of independent filmmakers to grant creative freedom and pay and attracted new directors and actors, including Bruce Lee . The popularity of kung fu films and Bruce Lee led to attract
26487-436: The United Kingdom, it also beat the opening weekend record set by Batman Returns with a gross of £4.875 million ($ 7.4 million) from 434 screens, including a record £443,000 from Thursday night previews, and also beat Terminator 2: Judgment Day ' s opening week record, with £9.2 million. The film held the UK record until it was beaten by Independence Day in 1996. After 12 days of grossing over £1 million
26730-407: The United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The film spawned a multimedia franchise that includes five sequels, two television series, video games , theme park attractions , comic books , and various merchandise. Industrialist John Hammond has created Jurassic Park, a theme park of cloned dinosaurs , on
26973-451: The United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Crichton's 1995 sequel novel, The Lost World , was followed by a 1997 film adaptation , also directed by Spielberg. Crichton did not write any further sequels in the series, although Spielberg would return as executive producer for each subsequent film, starting with Jurassic Park III (2001). In 2015,
27216-526: The United States and Canada and $ 628.7 million overseas, for a worldwide gross of $ 1.029 billion, making Jurassic Park the 17th film to surpass the $ 1 billion mark. It was the only Universal Pictures film to surpass the $ 1 billion mark until 2015, when the studio had three such films, Furious 7 , Minions , and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park franchise, Jurassic World . The film earned an additional $ 374,238 in 2018 for its 25th anniversary re-release. In June 2020, due to
27459-550: The United States). Despite the official release date, most US retailers decided not to wait that long and were selling it by 1 October. With 17 million units sold, Jurassic Park is the fifth-best-selling VHS tape ever. Three years later, a THX certified Widescreen VHS was released on September 9, 1997. The film was also first released as a Collector's Edition DVD and VHS on October 10, 2000, in both Widescreen (1.85:1) and Full Screen (1.33:1) versions, and as part of
27702-484: The United States, Europe and Japan had during this period. Yip described Japanese cinema as the most advanced in Asia at the time. This was showcased by the international breakthrough of Akira Kurosawa 's films like Rashomon (1950). The film genre known as the chanbara was at its height in Japan. The style was a sub-genre to the jidai-geki , or period drama with an emphasis on sword fighting and action. It had
27945-406: The United States, with films like Enter the Dragon about people who reveled in combat, often in a tournament setting, and The Yakuza which had several genres attached to it, but featured several martial arts sequences. By the end of the 1970s, the style was an established genre in American cinema, often featuring tough heroic characters who would fight and not think about their actions until after
28188-591: The Vampire Slayer (1997–2003)) and Xena ( Xena: Warrior Princess (1995–2001)). These series popularity demonstrated a growing market for female action film heroes, in films of the 2000s like Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001), Charlie's Angels (2000), Ultraviolet (2006), Salt (2010) and series like Underworld and Resident Evil . These series like their television series earlier, had their leads eroticized as active and physically capable while also being scantily-clad, hyper-feminized similar to
28431-669: The Visitor Center was a large façade constructed on the grounds of the Valley House Plantation Estate in Kauai. Samuel L. Jackson was to film a lengthy death scene where his character is chased and killed by raptors, but the set was destroyed by Hurricane Iniki. By mid-September, the crew moved to California to shoot the raptors in the kitchen at Stage 24 of the Universal studio lot. Given the kitchen set
28674-594: The action film genre has been a subject of scholarly debate since the 1980s. Soberson wrote that repeated traits of the genre include chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work while other scholars asserted there were more underlying traits that define the genre. David Bordwell in The Way Hollywood Tells It wrote that audiences are "told that spectacle overrides narrative" in action cinema while Wheeler Winston Dixon echoed that these films were typified by "excessive spectacle" as
28917-553: The action heroine's dual status of an active subject and sexual object was overturning the traditional gender binary because the films "assume that women are powerful" without resorting to justify her physical aggression through narratives involving maternal drive, mental instability or trauma. Purse found that female leads in films like Elektra (2005), Kill Bill , Underworld , Charlie's Angels and Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005) did showcase women having expensive cars, clothing, travel, homes and often high-paying jobs, but that this
29160-569: The best effects supervisors in Hollywood. He brought in Stan Winston to create the animatronic dinosaurs; Phil Tippett (credited as Dinosaur Supervisor) to create go motion dinosaurs for long shots ; Michael Lantieri to supervise the on-set effects; and Dennis Muren of Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) to do the digital compositing . Paleontologist Jack Horner supervised the designs, to help fulfill Spielberg's desire to portray
29403-535: The blood of dinosaurs and then became fossilized in amber , preserving the DNA. Scientists then fill gaps in the genome using frog DNA. Although the films primarily take place on fictional islands located in the Pacific coast of Central America , Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) and Jurassic World Dominion (2022) see the dinosaurs relocated throughout the world, including the U.S. mainland. The film series
29646-435: The book Australian Genre Film , Amanda Howell suggested that this label was used to help distance Australian cinema from Hollywood films as it would be suggesting commerce over culture and that it would be "quite unacceptable to make Australian movies using conventions established in the U.S.A." Howell stated this to be the case with action films of the 1970s and 1980s with Brian Trenchard-Smith 's Turkey Shoot (1982) being
29889-409: The book, knew nothing about it, hadn't heard anything about it, and in a matter of weeks I'm working with Spielberg". Janet Hirshenson, the film's casting director, felt Jeff Goldblum was right to play Ian Malcolm after reading the novel. Jim Carrey also auditioned for the role. According to Hirshenson, Carrey "was terrific, too, but I think pretty quickly we all loved the idea of Jeff". Laura Dern
30132-650: The car fall and the Brachiosaurus encounter. The crew filmed scenes for the Park's labs and control room, which used animations for the computers lent by Silicon Graphics and Apple . Crichton's book has electric-powered Toyota Land Cruisers as the tour cars in Jurassic Park, but Spielberg made a deal with the Ford Motor Company , who provided seven first generation Ford Explorer XLTs. ILM's crew and veteran customizer George Barris modified
30375-423: The characters and make for a more colorful cast, with moments such as Malcolm flirting with Sattler leading to Grant's jealousy. Some characterizations were changed from the novel. Hammond went from a ruthless businessman to a kindly old man, because Spielberg identified with Hammond's obsession with showmanship. He also switched the characters of Tim and Lex; in the book, Tim is 11 and interested in computers, and Lex
30618-423: The characters like stop-motion puppets. In addition, they acted out scenes with the raptors and Gallimimus . As well as the computer-generated dinosaurs, ILM also created elements such as water splashing and digital face replacement for Ariana Richards's stunt double. Compositing the dinosaurs onto the live action scenes took around an hour. Rendering the dinosaurs often took two to four hours per frame, and rendering
30861-550: The classical form of action cinema to be the 1980s. The decade continued the trends of formative period with heroes as avengers ( Lethal Weapon (1987)), rogue police officers ( Die Hard (1988)) and mercenary warriors ( Commando (1985)). Following the continuity of the car and man hybrid of the previous decade, the 1980s featured weaponized men with who were either also carrying weapons such as Sudden Impact (1983), trained to be weapons ( American Ninja (1985)) or imbued with technology ( RoboCop (1987)). O'Brien noted that
31104-584: The company's receiving a baby T. rex (in The Lost World: Jurassic Park ) as an allusion to other exploitative entrepreneurs depicted in the 1933 film King Kong . Ken Gelder describes InGen as "resolutely secretive", like the tax firm in John Grisham 's 1991 novel The Firm . In the novels, Biosyn Corporation (or Biosyn for short) is InGen's corporate rival. The company is controversial for its industrial espionage in
31347-477: The concentric circles in the water Spielberg wanted. The next morning, guitar strings were put inside the car and a man on the floor plucked them to achieve the effect. Back at Universal, the crew filmed scenes with the Dilophosaurus on Stage 27. The shoot finished on Stage 12 with the climactic chases with the raptors in the Park's computer rooms and Visitor Center. Spielberg changed the climax to bring back
31590-427: The condition Spielberg make Jurassic Park first. He said later by choosing a creature-driven thriller, he wanted to try to make a good sequel to Jaws , on land. Spielberg was also heavily inspired to make the film because of King Kong as he stated, "My one precedent for Jurassic Park was King Kong . King Kong was the high water mark for special effects creating a world I never knew existed". "And I think that
31833-858: The course of its theatrical run, making it the world's third highest-grossing film at the time. It became the second highest-grossing film of 2015 , and remains the ninth highest-grossing film of all time . When adjusted for monetary inflation , Jurassic World is the highest-grossing film in the franchise. A sequel to Jurassic World was released on June 22, 2018. The film was directed by J. A. Bayona and written by Trevorrow and Connolly, with Trevorrow and Spielberg as executive producers. The film stars Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Rafe Spall , Justice Smith , Daniella Pineda , James Cromwell , Toby Jones , Ted Levine , BD Wong, Isabella Sermon , and Geraldine Chaplin , with Jeff Goldblum reprising his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm. During early conversations on Jurassic World , Spielberg told Trevorrow that he
32076-464: The decline of overt masculinity in the action film which corresponded with the end of the Cold War in 1991, while the rise of self-referential and parodies of this era grew in films like Last Action Hero (1993). O'Brien described this era as being soft where the hard bodies of the classical era were replaced with computer generated imagery such as that of Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). This
32319-429: The dinosaur's footsteps. William Hurt was initially offered the role of Alan Grant, but turned it down without reading the script. Kurt Russell and Richard Dreyfuss were also considered for the role, but they were deemed too expensive. Harrison Ford and Tim Robbins were also offered the role before Sam Neill was cast three or four weeks before filming began. Neill said "it all happened real quick. I hadn't read
32562-548: The dinosaurs as animals rather than monsters. Certain concepts about dinosaurs, like the theory they evolved into birds and had very little in common with lizards, were followed. This prompted the removal of the raptors' flicking tongues in Tippett's early animatics , as Horner complained it was implausible. Winston's department created fully detailed models of the dinosaurs before molding latex skins, which were fitted over complex robotics. Tippett created stop-motion animatics of
32805-428: The dinosaurs that were freed at the end of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , but it would not depict dinosaurs terrorizing cities and going to war against humans; Trevorrow considered such ideas unrealistic. Instead, Trevorrow was interested in a world where "dinosaur interaction is unlikely but possible—the same way we watch out for bears or sharks". Certain scenes and ideas regarding the integration of dinosaurs into
33048-493: The dinosaurs, the company has also captured 14-year-old orphan Maisie Lockwood and unleashed giant locusts to devour their rivals' crops. By the end of the film, this plot is foiled and exposed to the public. The film's director, Colin Trevorrow , described Biosyn not as an "evil" corporation, but rather an entity with thousands of employees who have the best intentions in mind, only to feel betrayed by Dodgson upon learning of his actions. Isla Nublar (English: Cloud Island )
33291-559: The direct-to-video field, or in similarly low-budget theatrical releases such as Bulletproof Monk (2003). While the American styled-films were predominantly made in the United States, productions were also made in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong and South Africa, and were predominantly shot in the English-language. Heroic Bloodshed is a that originates with English-language Hong Kong action and crime film fan communities in
33534-487: The earlier work of directors like Woo and Johnnie To . Antong Chen, in his study on the Hong Kong action film, wrote that the influence of China and the amount of Chinese co-productions made with Hong Kong created a shift in these films, particularly following the release of Infernal Affairs (2002). Harvey O'Brien wrote in 2012 that the contemporary action film emerged through other genres, primarily Westerns , crime and war films and can be separated into four forms:
33777-432: The early 1960s and saw a surge in production of Hong Kong martial arts films that went beyond the stories about Wong Fei-hung which were declining in popularity. These new martial arts films featured magical swordplay and higher production values and more sophisticated special effects than the previous films with Shaw Brothers a campaign of "new school" ( xinpai ) martial arts swordplay films such as Xu Zenghong's Temple of
34020-426: The effects, though reactions to other elements of the picture, such as character development, were mixed. During its release, the film grossed more than $ 914 million worldwide, becoming the most successful film released up to that time (surpassing E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and surpassed 4 years later by Titanic ), and it is currently the 17th highest grossing feature film (taking inflation into account, it
34263-491: The end of the 1990s. Films such as Chunhang (2000) and Memento Mori (2000) and action films Shiri (1999) and Nowhere to Hide (1999) received commercial releases in North America, Asia, and Europe. The success of the latter two films was unprecedented, and was followed by other South Korean action films in the early 2000s reaching the top of the local box office. These South Korean films mimic some traits of
34506-532: The female leads in implausible elements, such as in Charlie's Angels , Fantastic Four (2005) and My Super Ex-Girlfriend (2006). The fighting styles of women also tend towards more traditionally feminine fluid movements of martial arts, over using guns or directly punching. Purse wrote that the contemporary female action film lead's sexualized brand had her in close proximity of post-feminism discourse about choice, power and sexuality. Marc O'Day interprets
34749-401: The film a weighted average score of 68 out of 100, based on reviews from 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Janet Maslin of The New York Times called it "a true movie milestone, presenting awe- and fear-inspiring sights never before seen on the screen [...] On paper, this story
34992-467: The film had the widest release ever and was the first film to open with a one-day gross of more than A$ 1 million, grossing A$ 5,447,000 (US$ 3.6 million) in its first four days from 192 screens beating the opening record of Terminator 2 and also beating the weekly record set by The Bodyguard with a gross of A$ 6.8 million. In the same weekend, it also set an opening record in Germany with
35235-486: The film's sound design, which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur sounds, Spielberg invested in the creation of DTS , a company specializing in digital surround sound formats. The film was backed by an extensive $ 65 million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with over 100 companies. Jurassic Park premiered on June 9, 1993, at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C., and
35478-401: The film, the most a director or actor had earned from one film at the time. Its record gross was surpassed in 1998 by Titanic , the first film to gross over $ 1 billion. The 3D re-release of Jurassic Park in April 2013 opened at fourth place at the US box office, with $ 18.6 million from 2,771 locations. IMAX showings accounted for over $ 6 million, with the 32 percent being
35721-468: The film, with Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley as producers. The film stars Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard , returning from the previous Jurassic World films. Sam Neill , Laura Dern and Jeff Goldblum also reprise their characters for major roles, marking the trio's first film appearance together since the original Jurassic Park film. In addition, Daniella Pineda , Justice Smith , Isabella Sermon, and Omar Sy reprise their roles from
35964-423: The first film, The Lost World: Jurassic Park made a number of changes to the plot and characters from the book, replacing the corporate rivals with an internal power struggle and changing the roles or characterizations of several protagonists. When a vacationing family stumbles upon the dinosaurs of Isla Sorna, a secondary island where the animals were bred en masse and allowed to grow before being transported to
36207-405: The first novel indicated InGen was just one of any number of small 1980s genetic engineering start-ups, the events of the novel and film revealed to a select group that InGen had discovered a method for cloning dinosaurs, which would be placed in an island theme park attraction. InGen was well established in the first novel as the entity behind the park, but for simplicity the first film emphasized
36450-414: The following films were voted the top ten best action films of all time. In Hong Kong, the "new school" of martial arts films that Shaw Brothers brought in 1965 featured what featured what Yip described as "strong, active female characters as protagonists." These female-centered films were challenged with the rise of a new male heroic prototype marked by a strong sense of youthful energy and defiance and by
36693-493: The following year. The Evolution of Claire (Jurassic World) is a young adult novel written by Tess Sharpe. It is based upon the Jurassic World trilogy, and was released in 2018 in conjunction with the release of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom . It is a spin-off set in 2004, prior to the opening of the Jurassic World theme park. The novel is about college freshman Claire Dearing during her summer internship at
36936-448: The formative trends at this point had become "identifiably generic" as film industries began to reproduced these films during the decade producers like Joel Silver and production companies like The Cannon Group, Inc. began to formulate production of these films with both high and low budgets. The action films of this era have roots in classical story telling, specifically rooted from martial arts films and Westerns, and are built around
37179-610: The formative, the classical, the post-classical and neoclassical phases. Yvonne Tasker reiterated this in her book on action and adventure films , saying that action films became a distinct genre during the New Hollywood period of the 1970s. The formative films would be from the 1960s to the early 1980s where the Anti-hero appears in cinema, featuring characters who act and transcend the law and social conventions. This appears initially in films like Bullitt (1968) where
37422-551: The former was one of the highest-grossing movies of the year in Japan. Following LoveDeath , Kitamura's next directing work was in the United States. The action cinema of South Korea mostly existed on the margins of the film industry in South Korea. The genre was initially called the Hwalkuk ("living theatre") was a term that indicated plays and films driven by action scenes, while this term has not been used regularly since
37665-597: The genetics industry. Lewis Dodgson , an employee of Biosyn, helps the company in its theft of corporate secrets. Biosyn is interested in acquiring InGen's dinosaur DNA, believing the animals present a variety of uses such as hunting trophies and pharmaceutical test subjects. Dodgson makes only a minor appearance in the first film, and his employer is not named. However, Biosyn is featured in several video games. The company, as Biosyn Genetics , makes its film debut in Jurassic World Dominion (2022). By
37908-430: The ground. While heroes in kung fu films often display chivalry, they generally hail from different fighting schools, namely wudang and shaolin . American martial arts films feature what author M. Ray Lott described as a more realistic style of violence over the Hong Kong wuxia films with more realism and are often low-budget productions. Martial arts began routinely appearing in fight scenes in American films in
38151-436: The group encounters a sick Triceratops . The tour is cut short as a tropical storm approaches. The park employees leave for the mainland on a boat, while the visitors return to their railed-electric tour vehicles, except Sattler, who stays behind with the park's veterinarian, Dr. Harding, to study the sick Triceratops . Jurassic Park's disgruntled lead computer programmer Dennis Nedry was previously bribed by Lewis Dodgson,
38394-431: The highest IMAX share ever for a nationwide release. The international release had its most successful weekend in the last week of August, when it managed to climb to the top of the overseas box office with a $ 28.8 million debut in China. The reissue earned $ 45.4 million in the United States and Canada and $ 44.5 million internationally as of August 2013, leading to a lifetime gross of $ 402.5 million in
38637-550: The highest-grossing of all time, having earned over $ 6 billion at the worldwide box office as of 2022. The original Jurassic Park was the first to surpass $ 1 billion, doing so during its 2013 re-release. This was followed by each installment in the Jurassic World trilogy. The Jurassic Park franchise focuses on genetically engineered dinosaurs running amok on an island theme park in Costa Rica. The dinosaurs are cloned by extracting ancient DNA from mosquitoes, which sucked
38880-489: The image of Indiana Jones in Raiders swinging his whip to fend off villains in the backstreets of Cairo. British author and academic Yvonne Tasker expanded on this topic, stating that action films have no clear and constant iconography or settings. In her book The Hollywood Action and Adventure Film (2015), she found that the most broadly consistent themes tend to be a characters quest from freedom from oppression such as
39123-634: The island is overrun by dinosaurs once more following the Indominus rex incident. In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , Isla Nublar is destroyed when its volcano becomes active again and erupts. In the films, several Hawaiian islands stood in as Isla Nublar, including Oahu and Kauai . Some filming also took place on sound stages, in California for the original film, and in Louisiana for Jurassic World . Isla Sorna , also called Site B ,
39366-701: The island park's main attraction are living, breathing dinosaurs, created with a mixture of fossilized DNA and genetic cross-breeding/cloning. When lead programmer Dennis Nedry ( Wayne Knight ) turns off the park's power to sneak out with samples of the dinosaur embryos to sell to a corporate rival, the dinosaurs break free, and the survivors are forced to find a way to turn the power back on and make it out alive. The film also stars Bob Peck , Martin Ferrero , BD Wong , Ariana Richards , Joseph Mazzello , and Samuel L. Jackson . Spielberg cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park , specifically Godzilla, King of
39609-518: The island. Believing it to be nothing more than sight-seeing, and that he will act as a dinosaur guide from the safety of their plane, he is startled to find them landing on the ground, where they are stalked by a Spinosaurus , which destroys their plane. As they search for the Kirbys' son, the situation grows dire as Velociraptors hunt their group and they must find a way off the island. The film also stars Alessandro Nivola , Michael Jeter , Mark Harelik , and Laura Dern . Steven Spielberg devised
39852-520: The late 1920s. These films were popular during the period, which comprised almost 60% of the total Chinese films. Man-Fung Yip stated that these film were "rather tame" by contemporary standards. He wrote that they lacked the kind of dazzling action choreography as expected today and had crude and rudimentary special effects. These films came under increasing attack by both government officials and cultural elites for their allegedly superstitious and anarchistic tendencies, leading them to be banned in 1932. It
40095-570: The late 1970s, with "action movie" becoming the more familiar term. The Korean action films came from Japanese cinema, James Bond series , and Hong Kong action cinema. As North Korea borders China, it block access to the continent from a South Korean perspective, the Cold War allowed South Koreans to substitute deferred travel beyond the border through films with locations shot in Hong Kong. While melodrama and comedy were staples in South Korean cinema, most action films were sporadic and tied to
40338-444: The late 1980s and early 1990s. In the Chinese language, the term used for these films is jinghungpin , literally meaning "hero films". Academic Laikwan Pang asserts that these gangster films appeared at a time when Hong Kong citizens felt particularly powerless with the handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China set for 1997. The key directors of the genre were John Woo and Ringo Lam , and producer Tsui Hark , with
40581-513: The late 1980s and early 1990s. Author Bey Logan stated that the term was coined by Rick Baker, in the British fanzine Eastern Heroes . The term is used broadly. Baker described the style as Hong Kong action films which feature gangsters and gunplay and martial arts that were more violent than kung fu films and academic Kristof Van Den Troost described it a term used to distinguish Hong Kong gun-heavy action films from period martial arts films from
40824-431: The late 1980s in the United States were martial arts films. Towards the end of the 1990s, production of low-budget martial arts films declined as no new stars in the genre developed and older actors such as Cynthia Rothrock and Steven Seagal started showing up in less and less films. Even internationally popular films like Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) had negligible effects in American productions in either
41067-424: The lengthy pre-production period to carefully plan the Jurassic Park marketing campaign. It cost $ 65 million and included deals with 100 companies to market 1,000 products. These included: three Jurassic Park video games by Sega and Ocean Software ; a toy line by Kenner distributed by Hasbro ; McDonald's " Dino-Sized meals "; and a novelization for young children. The film's trailers provided only
41310-424: The magazine's lifetime. Empire called the first encounter with a Brachiosaurus the 28th-most magical moment in cinema. In 2008, an Empire poll of readers, filmmakers, and critics also rated it one of the 500 greatest films of all time. On Film Review ' s 55th anniversary in 2005, it declared the film to be one of the five most important in the magazine's lifetime. In 2006, IGN ranked Jurassic Park as
41553-421: The main setting for the 2018 video game Jurassic World Evolution . InGen abandons Isla Sorna after the events of the first novel and film, and the dinosaurs are left to live freely and reproduce. At the end of the second film, it is stated that Isla Sorna has been set up as a biological preserve for the animals, after a failed attempt to relocate them to a new theme park in San Diego. The status of Isla Sorna
41796-563: The management of the National Basketball Association expansion franchise founded in Toronto in 1995 to adopt the name Raptors . In addition, during the team's playoff games, fans watch the game on a large television in a fan area outside the arena that has been nicknamed Jurassic Park. The film has been said to have given rise to a Jurassic Park generation, young people inspired to become paleontologists, and to
42039-624: The most notorious. Smith had previously released films like Deathcheaters (1976) and Stunt Rock (1979) when financial incentives were available for overtly commercial projects. She commented that action films did tell identifiably Australian stories such as the Sandy Harbutt 's biker film Stone (1974) and Miller's post-apocalyptic film Mad Max (1979) derived from Australia's social and cultural realities, as well as how George Miller 's later Mad Max: Fury Road (2015) derived from Australia's long-standing cinematic fascination with
42282-475: The most popular and popularly derided of contemporary cinema genres, stating that "in mainstream discourse, the genre is regularly lambasted for favoring spectacle over finely tuned narrative." Bordwell echoed this in his book, The Way Hollywood Tells It , writing that the reception to the genre as being "the emblem of what Hollywood does worst." In the Journal of Film and Video , Lennart Soberson stated that
42525-480: The movie the way it was intended to be heard". The sound effects crew, supervised by George Lucas , finished by the end of April. Sound designer Gary Rydstrom considered it a fun process, given the film had all kinds of noise—animal sounds, rain, gunshots, car crashes—and at times no music. During the process, Spielberg flew on weekends from Poland to Paris, where he met Rydstrom to see the sound progress. Former ILM CG Animator Steve "Spaz" Williams said it took nearly
42768-604: The notion that traditional marks of masculinity are not exclusive to men and that musculature was not natural, but something to be achieved. Accusations of these muscular women of the era were levelled at that them by 1993 were that they were "men in drag" and that the films generally have to "explain" why their female leads displayed physical aggression and why they were "driven to do it." As the 1990s went on, Hollywood films began having more conventional looking women in their action films such as The Long Kiss Goodnight (1996). A vibrant debate exists about whether hypersexualization
43011-482: The novel in October 1989 while he and Crichton were discussing a screenplay that would become the TV series ER . Warner Bros. Pictures , Columbia Pictures , 20th Century Fox , and Universal Pictures bid for the rights to the novel before its publication. In May 1990, Universal acquired the rights, with the backing of Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment . Crichton put up a non-negotiable fee for $ 1.5 million as well as
43254-406: The opening sequence with Procompsognathus attacking a young child as he found it too horrific. For budgetary reasons Koepp cut the T. rex chasing Grant and the children down a river before being tranquilized by Muldoon. Both parts were included in film sequels. Spielberg suggested adding the scene where the T. rex pursues a jeep, which at first only had the characters driving away after hearing
43497-406: The park run by Simon Masrani ( Irrfan Khan ) and Masrani Corp, and features the return of Dr. Henry Wu ( BD Wong ) from the first film. Chris Pratt , Bryce Dallas Howard , and Jake Johnson star, while Vincent D'Onofrio portrayed the main antagonist, Vic Hoskins. The cast also includes Lauren Lapkus , Ty Simpkins , Nick Robinson , Omar Sy , and Judy Greer . The primary dinosaur antagonist
43740-411: The park's visitor center, the group learns that the cloning was accomplished by extracting dinosaur DNA from prehistoric mosquitoes preserved in amber . DNA from frogs , among other animals, were used to fill in gaps in the dinosaurs' genome . To prevent breeding, the dinosaurs were made female by direct chromosome manipulation. The group witnesses the hatching of a baby Velociraptor and visits
43983-483: The park, Ian Malcolm ( Jeff Goldblum ) is called in by John Hammond ( Richard Attenborough ) to lead a team to document the island to turn it into a preserve, where the animals can roam free without interference from the outside world. Malcolm agrees to go when he discovers his girlfriend, paleontologist Sarah Harding ( Julianne Moore ) is already on the island, while at the same time Hammond's nephew, Peter Ludlow ( Arliss Howard ), has taken over his uncle's company and leads
44226-468: The park. Maisie Lockwood Adventures (Jurassic World) is a children's book series written by Tess Sharpe and illustrated by Chloe Dominique. It is based upon the Jurassic World trilogy, and was released in 2022 in conjunction with the release of Jurassic World Dominion . Consisting of the novels Off the Grid and The Yosemite Six , the novels tell the adventures of Maisie Lockwood as she navigates
44469-435: The physical effort required to completing a task and the abilities and skills acquired over time. Films from the period reflected on the cultural and social climate from the period, as seen in invoking Japanese or Western imperialist forces as foils. The kung fu film came out of the wuxia films. In comparison to the wuxia , film, the focus on the kung fu film is on the martial arts over chivalry, The martial arts films
44712-574: The popularity Bachan had. These films predominantly earned their revenue through longer runs at B-grade theatres. A cycle of action films came from these films in the 1980s and 1990s called the Avenging Woman film, where female protagonists seek justice for a rape victim, where the protagonist seeks revenge through violence. In 2009, the action genre was re-popularized with the box office success of Wanted (2009) starring Salman Khan . Khan reinvented his screen persona with that of his image in
44955-543: The postwar period. These films were targeted at the more educated and more refined middle-class audiences who saw themselves as above the contemporary martial arts films. Scott Higgins wrote in 2008 in Cinema Journal that Hollywood action films are both one of the most popular and popularly derided of contemporary cinema genres, stating that "in mainstream discourse, the genre is regularly lambasted for favoring spectacle over finely tuned narrative." Bordwell echoed this in his book, The Way Hollywood Tells It , writing that
45198-439: The preceding trilogy, is scheduled for release in 2025, without Trevorrow's involvement. Numerous video games and comic books based on the franchise have been created since the release of the 1993 film, and several water rides have been opened at various Universal Studios theme parks . Lego has produced several animated projects based on the Jurassic World films, including Lego Jurassic World: Legend of Isla Nublar ,
45441-536: The previous record set by Rambo: First Blood Part II in 1985. The film set all-time records in, among others, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan (in US Dollars), Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom. Ultimately the film grossed $ 914 million worldwide in its initial release, with Spielberg reportedly earning over $ 250 million from
45684-456: The previous two films. Other actors include Mamoudou Athie , DeWanda Wise , Dichen Lachman , and Scott Haze . Campbell Scott portrays the character Lewis Dodgson from the first film, originally played by Cameron Thor . Planning for the film dates to 2014. Trevorrow and Carmichael were writing the script as of April 2018. Trevorrow said the film would focus on the dinosaurs that went open source after being sold and spread around
45927-426: The raptor enclosure. During lunch, the group debates the ethics of cloning and the park's creation. Malcolm warns of the implications of genetic engineering while Grant and Sattler express uncertainty over the ability of humans and dinosaurs to coexist. Hammond's grandchildren Lex and Tim join the others for a tour of the park, while Hammond oversees them from the control room. Most of the dinosaurs fail to appear and
46170-420: The raptors in the kitchen and the Tyrannosaurus attacking the car. Despite go motion's attempts at motion blurs , Spielberg found the end results unsatisfactory for a live-action feature film. Muren told Spielberg he thought the dinosaurs could be built using computer-generated imagery ; Spielberg asked him to prove it. ILM animators Mark Dippé and Steve Williams developed a computer-generated walk cycle for
46413-565: The rebooting process. When Arnold fails to return, Sattler and Muldoon head over, discovering the shutdown has released the Velociraptors . Muldoon distracts two of them while Sattler turns the power back on before being attacked by a third and discovering Arnold's severed arm. Muldoon, simultaneously, is caught off-guard and killed. Grant, Tim, and Lex reach the visitor center. Grant heads out to look for Sattler, leaving Tim and Lex inside. The raptors appear and pursue Tim and Lex throughout
46656-402: The reception to the genre as being "the emblem of what Hollywood does worst." Tasker wrote that when action and adventure films secured awards, it is often in categories such as visual effects and sound editing. Time Out magazine conducted a poll with fifty experts in the field of action cinema, including actors, critics, filmmakers and stuntmen. Out of the 101 films ranked in the poll,
46899-645: The rest of the world from July 16 until October. The United Kingdom premiere helped save the Lyric Theatre in Carmarthen , Wales from closure, an event chronicled in the 2022 film Save the Cinema . In anticipation of the Blu-ray release, Jurassic Park had a digital print released in UK cinemas on September 23, 2011. It wound up grossing £245,422 ($ 786,021) from 276 theaters, finishing at eleventh on
47142-475: The rights, but Universal Pictures acquired them in May 1990 for Spielberg. James Cameron revealed in 2012 he tried to get the rights only to discover that Spielberg acquired them a few hours prior. After completing Hook , Spielberg wanted to film Schindler's List . Sid Sheinberg , president of Music Corporation of America (Universal's parent company at the time) gave the green light to Schindler's List on
47385-441: The road and cars and a history of cultural anxiety towards a bleak and forbidding outback landscape opposed to the optimism of American action films. France is a major European country for film production and has made co-production commitments with 44 countries around the world. Around beginning of the 21st century, France began producing a series of films explicitly intended for international markets, with action films representing
47628-467: The role of Dodgson. In the film, Dodgson gives Nedry a container disguised as a can of shaving cream that is used to transport the embryos. Thor said: "It just said 'shaving-cream can' in the script, so I spent endless time in a drug store to find the most photogenic. I went with Barbasol , which ended up in the movie. I was so broke that I took the can home after the audition to use it". After 25 months of pre-production, filming began on August 24, 1992, on
47871-595: The same ceremony, Spielberg, editor Michael Kahn, and composer John Williams won Academy Awards for Schindler's List ). The film won honors outside the U.S. including the 1994 BAFTA for Best Special Effects , as well as the Award for the Public's Favorite Film. It won the 1994 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , and the 1993 Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction , Best Writing for Crichton and Koepp and Best Special Effects . The film won
48114-444: The same name , with a screenplay by Crichton and David Koepp . The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar, off Central America 's Pacific Coast near Costa Rica , where a wealthy businessman John Hammond (Attenborough), and a team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs . When industrial sabotage leads to a catastrophic shutdown of the park's power facilities and security precautions,
48357-534: The screen. Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel's exposition and violence, while making numerous changes to the characters. Filming took place in California and Hawaii from August to November 1992, and post-production lasted until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindler's List . The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic , and with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston 's team. To showcase
48600-444: The script, so Universal president Casey Silver recommended David Koepp , co-writer of Death Becomes Her . Koepp started afresh from Marmo's draft, and used Spielberg's idea of a cartoon shown to the visitors to remove much of the exposition that fills Crichton's novel. While Koepp tried to avoid excessive character detail "because whenever they started talking about their personal lives, you couldn't care less", he tried to flesh out
48843-403: The script, where like Gennaro, Malcolm was scared and ran away. The ripples in the glass of water caused by the T. rex ' s footsteps were inspired by Spielberg listening to Earth, Wind and Fire in his car, and the vibrations the bass rhythm caused. Lantieri was unsure how to create the shot until the night before filming when he put a glass of water on a guitar he was playing, which achieved
49086-437: The sequel to Jurassic Park and approached his friend Steven Spielberg about the project. While Spielberg wanted to direct the first sequel, he agreed that if there was ever a third film, Johnston could direct. Spielberg, nevertheless, stayed involved in this film by becoming its executive producer. Production began on August 30, 2000, with filming in California, and the Hawaiian islands of Kauai , Oahu , and Molokai . It
49329-404: The serialization of Jinaghu qixia zhuan (1922) ( transl. Legend of the Strange Swordsmen ). In wuxia , the emphasis is on chivalry and righteousness and allows for phantasmagoric actions over the kung fu film 's more ground-based combat. The Kung fu film emerged in the 1970s from the swordplay films. Its name is derived from the Cantonese term gong fu which has two meanings:
49572-405: The series. Trevorrow believed that different directors could bring different qualities to future films. Bayona was once considered to direct Jurassic World , but he declined as he felt there was not enough time for production. Filming took place from February to July 2017, in the United Kingdom and Hawaii. Former Jurassic World manager Claire Dearing and Velociraptor handler Owen Grady join
49815-479: The software used to create dinosaurs and other visual effects was Pixar 's RenderMan and Softimage 3D . Industrial Light & Magic also used the program Viewpaint, which allowed the visual effects artists to paint color and texture directly onto the surface of the computer models. Along with the digital effects, Spielberg wanted the film to be the first with digital sound. He funded the creation of DTS (Digital Theater Systems) to allow audiences to "really hear
50058-427: The starting point of the genre being traced to Woo's A Better Tomorrow (1986) make a record-breaking HK$ 34.7 million at the Hong Kong box office. The style of these films would influence American productions, such as Michael Bay 's Bad Boys II (2003) and the Wachowskis ' The Matrix (1999). Korean media recognized the more fatalistic and pessimistic tone of these films, leading to Korean journalists to label
50301-403: The storm scenes from the film are of actual footage shot during the hurricane. The scheduled shoot of the Gallimimus chase was moved to Kualoa Ranch on the island of Oahu . One of the early scenes had to be created by digitally animating a still shot of scenery. The opening scene was shot in Haiku , on Maui , with additional scenes filmed on the "forbidden island" of Niihau . The exterior of
50544-433: The style as "Hong Kong noir ". The influence of these films was evident in early Korean films such as Im Kwon-taek 's General's Son (1990) and later films such Song Hae-sung 's A Better Tomorrow (2010), Cold Eyes (2013) and New World (2013). Postcolonial Hong Kong cinema has struggled to maintain its international identity as a provider of these types action films because the talents involved had abandoned
50787-503: The television series ER . Spielberg recognized what really fascinated him about Jurassic Park was it was "a really credible look at how dinosaurs might someday be brought back alongside modern mankind", going beyond a simple monster movie. Before the book was published, Crichton had demanded $ 1.5 million for the film rights and a substantial percentage of the gross. Warner Bros. and Tim Burton , Columbia Pictures and Richard Donner , and 20th Century Fox and Joe Dante bid for
51030-406: The term "action film" or "action adventure film" has been used as early as the 1910s, the contemporary definition usually refers to a film that came with the arrival of New Hollywood and the rise of anti-heroes appearing in American films of the late 1960s and 1970s drawing from war films , crime films and Westerns . These genres were followed by what is referred to as the "classical period" in
51273-450: The term action film genre and adventure are often used in hybrid, and are even used interchangeably. Along with Holmund and Purse, Tasker wrote that the action films expansiveness complicates easy categorization and though the genre is often spoken of as singular genre, it is rarely discussed as singular style. Screenwriter and academic Jule Selbo expanded on this, describing a film as " crime /action" or an "action/crime" or other hybrids
51516-445: The themes that rescinded irony to restore " cinephile re-actualization of the genre's conventions." The genre went into full circle resurrecting films from the classical period with Live Free or Die Hard (2007) and Rambo (2008) finding the characters navigating a contemporary world while also acknowledging their age, culminating into The Expendables (2010) film. The most commercially successful action films and franchise of
51759-448: The third Jurassic film to pass the billion-dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018 , and the 22nd highest-grossing film of all time. It received mixed reviews from critics. Jurassic World Dominion was released on June 10, 2022. It was directed by Trevorrow, with a screenplay written by him and Emily Carmichael , based on a story by Trevorrow and Connolly. Trevorrow and Spielberg serve as executive producers for
52002-453: The time that the film takes place, Dodgson has become the company's CEO. Biosyn's employees now include geneticist Dr. Henry Wu and mathematician Dr. Ian Malcolm , the latter working as the company's in-house philosopher. With dinosaurs loose around the world and captured by governments, Biosyn has a contract to house the animals at its headquarters in the Dolomites mountain range in Italy. In addition to performing pharmaceutical research on
52245-479: The title character in China O'Brien (1990) who were physically muscular and or enacted more extreme violence that was usually reserve for male action leads. In her book Contemporary Action Cinema (2011), Lisa Purse described the media response to female leads in action films reveal a discomfort about their presence and are often described with hesitant terms of women moving into territories that are perceived as masculine. Revealing woman in this form deconstructs
52488-504: The trip from page to screen". Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four: "The movie delivers all too well on its promise to show us dinosaurs. We see them early and often, and they are indeed a triumph of special effects artistry, but the movie is lacking other qualities that it needs even more, such as a sense of awe and wonderment, and strong human story values". Henry Sheehan of Sight & Sound argued: "The complaints over Jurassic Park ' s lack of story and character sound
52731-438: The tropical island Isla Nublar, located off of the coast of Costa Rica . After a Velociraptor kills a dinosaur handler, the park's investors, represented by lawyer Donald Gennaro, demand a safety certification. Gennaro invites chaotician Ian Malcolm , and Hammond invites paleontologist Alan Grant and paleobotanist Ellie Sattler . Upon arrival, the group is shocked to see a live Brachiosaurus and other dinosaurs. At
52974-480: The turn of the millennium, Australian genre films have gained increasing acceptance in the Australian feature film industry, while the action genre represented a small percentage of its output in the 21st century. Scholars of Australian genre film generally used the term "action-adventure" which allows them to apply it to various forms of narratives such as tongue in cheek heroic posturing stories like Crocodile Dundee (1986), road movies or bush/outback films. In
53217-422: The use of locations such as Hong Kong. These films often featured one-legged or otherwise handicapped action characters similar to those of Japanese films ( Zatoichi ) and Hong Kong films ( The One-Armed Swordsmen ). These included Im Kwon-taek's Returned Left-Handed Man (1968), Aekkunun Bak's One-Eyd Park (1970) and Lee Doo-yong's Returned One-Legged Man (1974). In the 1990s, the country's national cinema
53460-442: The weekend box office list. Two years later, on the 20th anniversary of Jurassic Park, a 3D version of the film was released in cinemas. Spielberg declared that he had produced the film with a sort of "subconscious 3D", as scenes feature animals walking toward the cameras and some effects of foreground and background overlay. In 2011, he stated in an interview that Jurassic Park was the only one of his works he had considered for
53703-411: The woman of exploitation films of the 1970s such as Caged Heat (1974) and Big Bad Mama (1974). While characters like Frank in The Transporter series are permitted to visibly sweat, strain and be bloodied, Purse found a reluctance for filmmakers to have their female leads have any appearance warping injuries to ensure a perfectly made-up face. Comedy is often used in films of this period to place
53946-404: The world in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom , allowing people other than Dr. Henry Wu to create their own dinosaurs. Trevorrow stated that the film would be set around the world, and said that the idea of Henry Wu being the only person who knows how to create a dinosaur was far-fetched "after 30 years of this technology existing" within the films' universe. Additionally, the film would focus on
54189-594: The world were ultimately removed from the Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom script to be saved for the third film. Filming locations included Canada, England's Pinewood Studios , and the country of Malta . Jurassic World Dominion began filming in February 2020, but was put on hiatus several weeks later as a safety precaution due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Production later resumed that July, with numerous health precautions in place, including COVID-19 testing and social distancing . Filming wrapped four months later. Jurassic World Dominion uses more animatronics than
54432-399: The years, film critics and industry professionals have often cited Jurassic Park as one of the greatest movies of the action and thriller genres. The movie is also an example of a techno-thriller . The American Film Institute named Jurassic Park the 35th-most thrilling film of all time on June 13, 2001. In 2004, Empire magazine judged Jurassic Park the sixth-most influential film in
54675-448: Was "only a semantic exercise" as both genres are important in the construction phase of the narrative. Mark Bould in A Companion to Film Noir (2013) said that categorization of multiple generic genre labels was common in film reviews who are rarely concerned with succinct descriptions that evoke elements of the film's form, content and make no claims beyond on how these elements combine. Film Studies began to engage generic hybridity in
54918-409: Was Spielberg's first choice for the role of Ellie Sattler, but was not the only actress offered the part. Robin Wright and Juliette Binoche turned it down. Stacy Haiduk , Gwyneth Paltrow and Helen Hunt auditioned for the role. Spielberg chose to cast Wayne Knight as Dennis Nedry after seeing his performance in Basic Instinct . Ariana Richards, who plays Lex Murphy, said: "I was called into
55161-408: Was a difficult market for Hong Kong action cinema to break into. Prompted by the success of Enter the Dragon and the popularity of Bruce Lee, Toei made their own Bruce Lee-style martial arts films, with The Street Fighter and its two sequels starring Sonny Chiba as well as a spin-off with a female lead similar to Hong Kong's Angela Mao called Sister Street Fighter . The success of Enter
55404-466: Was aiming for the foreign audience, as he was disappointed with the current state of Japanese films. Kitamura's characters have been described as "a careful combination of the maverick independence of 1980s Hollywood action heroes and the calmness and acceptance of Japanese samurai, a consistent criticism of Japanese people today." Kitamura followed up Versus with two manga-inspired big-budget action films, Azumi and Sky High . Both released in 2003,
55647-417: Was displayed in corresponding with corresponded with millennial angst and apocalypticism showcased in films like Independence Day (1996) and Armageddon (1998). Action films of mass destruction began requiring more overtly super heroic characters with further comic book adaptations being made with increased non-realistic settings with films like The Matrix (1999). The fourth phase arrived following
55890-409: Was filled with reflective surfaces, cinematographer Dean Cundey had to carefully plan the illumination while also using black cloths to hide the light reflections. The crew also shot the scenes involving the power supply on Stage 23 before going to Red Rock Canyon for the Montana dig scenes. The crew returned to Universal to shoot Grant's rescue of Tim, using a 50-foot prop with hydraulic wheels for
56133-415: Was first introduced in Jurassic Park III (2001). International Genetic Technologies, Inc. ( InGen ) is the fictional company responsible for cloning the dinosaurs. According to the novels, it is based in Palo Alto , California , and has one location in Europe as well. Nevertheless, most of InGen's research took place on the fictional islands of Isla Sorna and Isla Nublar, near Costa Rica. While
56376-414: Was in decline by the mid-1970s in Hong Kong in relation to the stock market crash which went from over 150 films in 1972 to just over 80 in 1975, which led to a downfall in martial arts films produced. When the economy became to rebound, a new trend of martial arts films, the Shaolin kung fu films emerged and sparked a revival of the genre. Unlike the wuxia , the kung fu film primarily focuses on fighting on
56619-509: Was in decline leading to Hong Kong gangster films filled in this void leading to large commercial success at the national box office. Early Korean heirs to Hong Kong action films include Rules of The Game (1994), Beat (1997), and Green Fish (1997) involving men who gain confidence and achieve personal growth as they embark on journeys to protect national state and meet devastating ends. South Korean cinema only received international attention in both art film and blockbuster formats towards
56862-532: Was in talks for two separate roles. In 2004, John Sayles wrote two drafts of the script. Sayles' first draft involved a team of Deinonychus being trained for use in rescue missions. Both drafts were scrapped, and a new script was being worked on in 2006. Laura Dern was contacted to reprise her role, with the film expected for release in 2008. The film was further delayed by the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike . Mark Protosevich wrote two film treatments in 2011, which were rejected. Rise of
57105-448: Was interested in having several more films made. In April 2014, Trevorrow announced that sequels to Jurassic World had been discussed: "We wanted to create something that would be a little bit less arbitrary and episodic, and something that could potentially arc into a series that would feel like a complete story". Trevorrow, who said he would direct the film if asked, later told Spielberg that he would only focus on directing one film in
57348-603: Was my high-water mark for imagining what it would be like to do a King Kong of today. Certainly I don’t consider Jurassic Park a classic the way King Kong is a classic, but I was so inspired by King Kong that that was one of the reasons I think I wanted to make Jurassic Park ". As well Spielberg originally planned on bringing the dinosaurs to life for long shots "the same way that Willis O'Brien made King Kong ", with stop motion animation before ultimately deciding to use CGI . Spielberg also cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park , specifically Godzilla, King of
57591-599: Was not until the base of Chinese commercial filmmaking was relocated from Shanghai to Hong Kong in the late 1940s that martial arts cinema was revived. These films contained much of the characteristics of the previous era. During this period, over 100 films were based on the adventures of real life Cantonese folk hero Wong Fei-hung who first appeared in film in 1949. These films primarily on circuited within Hong Kong and Cantonese-speaking areas with Chinese diaspora . Yip continued that these Hong Kong films were still lagging behind in aesthetic and technical standards that films from
57834-504: Was only in the mid-20th century when action films developed into their own recognizable genre instead of being a collection of other types of films such as Westerns, swashbucklers or adventure films. Films have been described "action films" or "action-adventure film" as early as the 1910s. Only by the 1980s was the term action as its own unique genre used routinely in terms of promotion and reviewing practices. The first Chinese-language martial arts films can be traced to Shanghai cinema of
58077-486: Was only shown as being applicable to white middle-class women. Purse found that these women were empowered at the price of women of other ethnicities. This is seen in Aeon Flux (2005) where Sithandra dies protecting Aeon and Rain's death to make way for Alice in Resident Evil (2002). Jurassic Park Jurassic Park , later also referred to as Jurassic World , is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton and centered on
58320-434: Was published, a film adaptation was already in pre-production, with its release occurring in May 1997. The film was a commercial success, breaking many box-office records when released. The film was released to mixed reviews, similar to its predecessor in terms of characterization. Critical response to The Lost World has since become more favorable, with some publications calling it the best Jurassic Park sequel. Much like
58563-458: Was released on Blu-ray on October 25, 2011, debuting at number five on the Blu-ray charts, and nominated as the best release of the year by both the Las Vegas Film Critics Society and the Saturn Awards . In 2012, Jurassic Park was among twenty-five films chosen by Universal for a box set celebrating the studio's 100th anniversary, while also receiving a standalone 100th anniversary Blu-ray featuring an augmented reality cover. The following year,
58806-399: Was released on June 11 in the United States. It was a blockbuster hit and went on to gross over $ 914 million worldwide in its original theatrical run, surpassing Spielberg's own E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to become the highest-grossing film of all time until the release of Titanic in 1997. It also remains the highest-grossing film directed by Spielberg to date. The film was also
59049-553: Was the first to gross $ 500 million overseas, surpassing the record $ 280 million overseas gross of E.T. In its first international release date in Brazil, it also set an opening weekend record with a gross of $ 1,738,198 from 141 screens. It went on to break further opening records around the world including in the United Kingdom, Japan, India, South Korea, Mexico, Germany, Australia, Taiwan, Italy, Denmark, South Africa and France. In Japan, Jurassic Park grossed $ 8.4 million from 237 screens in two days (including previews). In
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