Barratt is a confectionery brand in the United Kingdom, known for products including DipDab , Refreshers, Sherbet Fountain, Fruit Salad , Black Jack and Wham.
64-454: Sherbet is a fizzy, sweet powder, usually eaten by dipping a lollipop or liquorice , using a small spoon, or licking it from a finger. The word "sherbet" is from Turkish şerbet , which is from Persian شربت , which in turn comes from " sharbat ", Arabic شَرْبَة sharbah , a drink , from "shariba" to drink . The word is cognate to syrup in English. Historically it was
128-400: A brand sold in various fruit flavours. Barratt 's "Sherbet Fountain" consists of a 25g tube of sherbet with a liquorice stick, and has been sold since 1925. An alternative version consists of a strawberry flavour hard gelatine candy stick, which is red in colour. The original concept of the sherbet fountain was sold to Barratt's by Henry Edward Brunt, and was rebranded under their name. In
192-400: A candy. Candy is the source of several cultural themes. Adults worry that other people will use candy to poison or entice children into harmful situations. Stranger danger warnings include telling children not to take candy from strangers, for fear of the child being abducted. Poisoned candy myths persist in popular culture, especially around trick-or-treating at Halloween , despite
256-424: A card saying “Crack the rock where’re you will / You'll find Sir Roger in it still”. It was said to have been the most talked-about line of confectionery Mr Barratt ever invented. In the 1880s came Yankee Panky (a low-boiled sweet wrapped in wax paper – an industry first), Rose Pastilles and Refresher Sticks. Black Jack and Fruit Salad appeared in 1920, followed by the famous Sherbet Fountain in 1925. The sherbet
320-402: A cool effervescent or iced fruit soft drink . The meaning, spelling and pronunciation have fractured between different countries. Beginning with the 19th century sherbet powder became popular, with John Richards (of The Strand, London) in 1816 claiming to be the inventor of Richards' effervescent Portable Sherbet Powder - just add water for a refreshing drink. "Put a spoonful of the powder in
384-427: A cup of water, mix it and drink it as soon as possible, during the time of sparkling. ... Because this way the most of acid of air is lost ... it is more practicable to put the powder into the mouth and flush it with some water." 2 g of sodium bicarbonate and 1.5 g of tartaric acid were separately packed in little coloured paper bags. Sherbet used to be stirred into various beverages to make effervescing drinks, in
448-399: A dentist calling once a week. In the early days the product range was mainly “boilings” such as butter, raspberry and ginger toffees. Later it included Almond Rock, Brandy Snaps, Stickjaw, Coffee Almonds, Brandy Nips, Ching Chang Marbles and Coker Tines. Later came Tichborne Rock, a pulled rock in which the figure of Sir Roger Tichborne was incorporated. It was displayed in shop windows with
512-431: A high glycemic index (GI), which means that it causes a rapid rise in blood sugar levels after ingestion. This is chiefly a concern for people with diabetes , but could also be dangerous to the health of non-diabetics. Some kinds of candy have been contaminated with an excessive amount of lead in it. Claims of contamination have been made since shortly after industrial-scale candy factories began producing candy in
576-456: A particular sugar concentration. These are called sugar stages . In general, higher temperatures and greater sugar concentrations result in hard, brittle candies, and lower temperatures result in softer candies. Once the syrup reaches 171 °C (340 °F) or higher, the sucrose molecules break down into many simpler sugars, creating an amber -colored substance known as caramel . This should not be confused with caramel candy , although it
640-463: A protein found in skin and bones, and is thus avoided by vegans and some vegetarians . " Kosher gelatin " is also unsuitable for vegetarians and vegans, as it is derived from fish bones. Other substances, such as agar , pectin , starch and gum arabic may also be used as setting and gelling agents, and can be used in place of gelatin. Other ingredients commonly found in candy that are not suitable for vegetarian or vegan diets include carmine ,
704-435: A recognizable name brand on it became a sign of safety. Packaging helps market the product as well. Manufacturers know that candy must be hygienic and attractive to customers. In the children's market quantity, novelty, large size and bright colors are the top sellers. Many companies redesign the packaging to maintain consumer appeal. Because of its high sugar concentration, bacteria are not usually able to grow in candy. As
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#1732801220223768-482: A red dye made from cochineal beetles, and confectioner's glaze , which contains shellac , a resin excreted by female lac bugs . Candy generally contains sugar, which is a key environmental factor in the formation of dental caries (cavities). Several types of bacteria commonly found in the mouth consume sugar, particularly Streptococcus mutans . When these bacteria metabolize the sugar found in most candies, juice, or other sugary foods, they produce acids in
832-533: A replacement for unsweetened breakfast cereals and also for eating as a snack or as candy, using three animated cartoon bears as the mascots: Candy, Handy, and Dandy. The early slogans said, "As a cereal it's dandy—for snacks it's so handy—or eat it like candy!" In more recent times, a variety of snack bars have been marketed. These include bars that are intended as meal replacements as well as snack bars that are marketed as having nutritional advantages when compared to candy bars, such as granola bars . However,
896-404: A result, the shelf life is longer for candy than for many other foods. Most candies can be safely stored in their original packaging at room temperature in a dry, dark cupboard for months or years. As a rule, the softer the candy or the damper the storage area, the sooner it goes stale. Shelf life considerations with most candies are focused on appearance, taste, and texture, rather than about
960-499: A revolving steam pan to assist in boiling sugar. This transformation meant that the candy maker was no longer required to continuously stir the boiling sugar. The heat from the surface of the pan was also much more evenly distributed and made it less likely the sugar would burn. These innovations made it possible for only one or two people to successfully run a candy business. As the path from producer to market became increasingly complicated, many foods were affected by adulteration and
1024-460: A role in its adoption as the most popular treat given away during trick-or-treating for Halloween in the US. In the 1940s, most treats were homemade. During the 1950s, small, individually wrapped candies were recognized as convenient and inexpensive. By the 1970s, after widely publicized but largely false stories of poisoned candy myths circulating in the popular press, factory-sealed packaging with
1088-595: A similar way to making lemonade from lemonade powders , before canned carbonated drinks became ubiquitous. Sherbet is now used to mean this powder sold as a sweet. (In the United States, it would be somewhat comparable to the powder in Pixy Stix or Fun Dip , though having the fizzy quality of effervescing candy, such as Pop Rocks .) Sherbet in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries
1152-471: A solid plastic tube to improve the product's freshness and shelf life. This is advertised on the packet as "sherbet with a liquorice dip". Sherbet dips or sherbet dabs are also popular, such as the Dip Dab by Barratt . They consist of a 23g packet of "lemon flavour sherbet dip with a strawberry flavour lolly" sealed into the bag. The sherbet is sucked clean from the lollipop, it can be repeatedly dipped into
1216-520: A strong citrus taste and is sour and tangy. The sherbet in the middle releases, giving a sensation of extreme lemon bittersweet with fizzy light tangy crisp sour. In the Harry Potter series, the character Albus Dumbledore has a particular fondness for sherbet lemons; their name is the passphrase for access to his office. A similar candy, made in Italy and popular in the United States, is Zotz ,
1280-432: A transfer of water vapor while being lightweight, non-toxic and odor proof. Vegetable parchment lines boxes of high-quality confections like gourmet chocolates. Cardboard cartons are less common, though they offer many options concerning thickness and movement of water and oil. Packages are often sealed with a starch-based adhesive derived from tapioca, potato, wheat, sago, or sweet potato. Occasionally, glues are made from
1344-483: A week, making Barratts the largest confectionery manufacturer in the world. Following Barratt's death in 1906 his eldest son, George William (1851-1928), took over as chairman. In 1909, the firm became a limited company, valued at £330,000. George Osborne's youngest son Albert (1860-1941) was chairman and managing director from 1911 to 1921. He was knighted in 1922 for public services. Sir Albert died on 28 November 1941 at his home (Totteridge Park, Hertfordshire) and
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#17328012202231408-406: A wide variety of textures, from soft and chewy to hard and brittle. The texture of candy depends on the ingredients and the temperatures that the candy is processed at. The final texture of sugar candy depends primarily on the concentration of sugar. As the syrup is heated, it boils, water evaporates, the sugar concentration increases and the boiling point rises. A given temperature corresponds to
1472-571: Is indigenous to tropical South and Southeast Asia . Pieces of sugar were produced by boiling sugarcane juice in ancient India and consumed as khanda . Between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, the Persians , followed by the Greeks , discovered the people in India and their "reeds that produce honey without bees ". They adopted and then spread sugar and sugarcane agriculture . Before sugar
1536-516: Is a common term for this packaging. Packaging preserves aroma and flavor and eases shipping and dispensation. Wax paper seals against air, moisture, dust, and germs, while cellophane is valued by packagers for its transparency and resistance to grease, odors and moisture. In addition, it is often resealable. Polyethylene is another form of film sealed with heat, and this material is often used to make bags in bulk packaging. Plastic wraps are also common. Aluminum foils wrap chocolate bars and prevent
1600-401: Is a fizzy powder, containing sugar and flavouring, and an edible acid and base . The acid may be tartaric , citric or malic acid , and the base may be sodium bicarbonate , sodium carbonate , magnesium carbonate , or a mixture of these and/or other similar carbonates . To make the flavour more palatable, a variable amount of sugar (depending on the intended sourness of the final product)
1664-728: Is added, as well as fruit or cream soda flavouring. The acid-carbonate reaction occurs upon presence of moisture (juice/saliva), becoming "fizzy". Sherbet can be sold by itself or used as a decorative agent on other sweets. The measured qualities of sherbet include granularity, colour, "zing" (acidity) and flavouring (normally a citrus fruit). Sherbet lemons are a popular sweet in the UK, and are sold in most sweet shops. They are boiled sweets which have an intense lemon flavour with powdered sherbet centres. Variants, such as sherbet fruits including sherbet limes, strawberries, blackcurrants, raspberries and orange are all popular flavours. The sherbet lemon has
1728-656: Is banned by some countries. Non-nutritive toy products such as chocolate eggs containing packaging with a toy inside are banned from sale in the US. If the material attached to confectionery has a function and will not cause any injury to the consumer, it is allowed to be marketed. In the EU, however, the Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC specifies that toys contained in food only need separate packaging that cannot be swallowed. Global sales of candies were estimated to have been approximately US$ 118 billion in 2012. In
1792-524: Is buried in the family grave at Highgate Cemetery. Barratt & Co. Ltd. was acquired in a friendly takeover by Bassett's in 1966, which in turn was taken over by Cadbury Schweppes in 1989. Since 2008 it has been part of the Tangerine Confectionery portfolio. The Barratt brand was brought back into use in 2018. After a long decline, the company closed its Wood Green site in 1980. Bounded by Coburg Road, Mayes Road and Western Road,
1856-402: Is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes . Unlike a cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with
1920-462: Is cooked in large kettles fashioned for melting and molded, dried and sugared like gum drops . They are soaked for a time in sugar syrup to allow crystals to form. Sugar candies can be classified into noncrystalline and crystalline types. Noncrystalline candies are homogeneous and may be chewy or hard; they include hard candies, caramels, toffees, and nougats. Crystalline candies incorporate small crystals in their structure, are creamy that melt in
1984-441: Is not a significant source of nutrition or food energy for most people. The average American eats about 1.1 kg (2.5 pounds) of sugar or similar sweeteners each week, but almost 95% of that sugar—all but about 70 grams (2.5 ounces)—comes from non-candy sources, especially soft drinks and processed foods. Candy is considered a source of empty calories , because it provides little or no nutritional value beyond food energy. At
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2048-630: Is noted in a slang dictionary as early as 1890, and still appears in lists of slang terms written today (especially lists of Australian slang). "We're heading to the pub for a few sherbets" – meaning "... pints of beer." Candy Candy , alternatively called sweets or lollies , is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery , encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate , chewing gum , and sugar candy . Vegetables , fruit , or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied . Physically, candy
2112-526: Is sugar. Commercially, sugar candies are often divided into groups according to the amount of sugar they contain and their chemical structure . Hard-boiled candies made by the vacuum cooking process include stick candy , lemon drops and horehound drops . Open-fire candy, like molasses taffy and cream taffy, is cooked in open kettles and then pulled. Pan work candies include nuts and other candies like jelly beans and sugar-coated almonds, made by coating with sugar in revolving copper kettles. Gum work candy
2176-438: Is the candy's main flavoring. Most candies are made commercially. The industry relies significantly on trade secret protection, because candy recipes cannot be copyrighted or patented effectively, but are very difficult to duplicate exactly. Seemingly minor differences in the machinery, temperature, or timing of the candy-making process can cause noticeable differences in the final product. Candy wrapper or sweets wrapper
2240-430: Is treated as a separate branch, it also includes confections whose classification is otherwise difficult, being neither exactly candies nor exactly baked goods, like chocolate-dipped foods, tarts with chocolate shells, and chocolate-coated cookies. Sugar candy is made by dissolving sugar in water or milk to form a syrup , which is boiled until it reaches the desired concentration or starts to caramelize . Candy comes in
2304-598: The digestive system or cool a sore throat . In the Middle Ages candy appeared on the tables of only the most wealthy at first. At that time, it began as a combination of spices and sugar used as an aid to digestion . Banquet hosts typically served these types of 'candies' at banquets for their guests. One of these candies, sometimes called chamber spice , was made with cloves , ginger, aniseed , juniper berries , almonds and pine kernels dipped in melted sugar. The Middle English word candy began to be used in
2368-498: The 1830s when technological advances and the availability of sugar opened up the market. The new market was not only for the enjoyment of the rich but also for the pleasure of the working class. There was also an increasing market for children. While some fine confectioners remained, the candy store became a favorite of the child of the American working class . Penny candies epitomized this transformation of candy. Penny candy became
2432-620: The 1920s and 1930s, candy bars selling for five cents were often marketed as replacements for lunch. At the 1904 World Fair, the Quaker Oats Company made a candy-coated puffed cereal, a wheat-based product similar to Cracker Jack 's candy-coated popcorn. The product concept was re-introduced unsuccessfully in 1939 by another business as Ranger Joe , the first pre-sweetened, candy-coated breakfast cereal . Post Foods introduced their own version in 1948, originally called Happy Jax and later Sugar Crisp . They marketed it as both
2496-514: The United States, $ 2 is spent on chocolate for every $ 1 spent on non-chocolate candy. Because each culture varies in how it treats some foods, a food may be considered a candy in one place and a dessert in another. For example, in Western countries, baklava is served on a plate and eaten with a fork as a dessert, but in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Eastern Europe, it is treated as
2560-725: The actual nutritional value is often not very different from candy bars, except for usually a higher sodium content, and the flavors (most popularly, chocolate, fudge, and caramel) and the presentation mimic candy bars. Among the Bengali people , candy may be eaten for an entire meal, especially during festivals. Candy may also be offered to vegetarian guests in lieu of fish or meat dishes in India. Most candy contains no meat or other animal parts, and many contain no milk or other animal products. Some candy, including marshmallows and gummi bears , contains gelatin derived from animal collagen,
2624-512: The addition of additives which ranged from relatively harmless ingredients, such as cheap cornstarch and corn syrup , to poisonous ones. Some manufacturers produced bright colors in candy by the addition of hazardous substances for which there was no legal regulation: green ( chromium(III) oxide and copper acetate ), red ( lead(II,IV) oxide and mercury sulfide ), yellow ( lead chromate ) and white ( chalk , arsenic trioxide ). In an 1885 cover cartoon for Puck , Joseph Keppler satirized
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2688-452: The bones and skin of cattle and hogs for a stronger and more flexible product, but this is not as common because of the expense. Prior to the 1900s, candy was commonly sold unwrapped from carts in the street, where it was exposed to dirt and insects. By 1914, there were some machines to wrap gum and stick candies, but this was not the common practice. After the polio outbreak in 1916, unwrapped candies garnered widespread censure because of
2752-451: The company's own union was established in the early 1890s as “Barratt & Co.’s and Employees Aid & Protective Union.” Rule 6 stated that membership of any other Trade or Business Union was not permitted. Employees contributed from 1d. to 3d. per week, depending on their wages (from under 12/- to over 18/- ), and received benefits on production of a certificate signed by a doctor. On several occasions staff expressed their appreciation of
2816-548: The dangers of additives in candy by depicting the "mutual friendship" between striped candy, doctors, and gravediggers . By 1906, research into the dangers of additives, exposés of the food industry, and public pressure led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act , the first federal United States law to regulate food and drugs, including candy. Sugar candies include hard candies, soft candies, caramels , marshmallows , taffy , and other candies whose principal ingredient
2880-414: The dirt and germs. At the time, only upscale candy stores used glass jars. With advancements in technology, wax paper was adopted, and foil and cellophane were imported to the U.S. from France by DuPont in 1925. Necco packagers were one of the first companies to package without human touch. Kiosks and vending machines were introduced around the beginning of the 20th century. Candy packaging played
2944-536: The fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be a candy in one culture and a dessert in another. The word candy entered the English language from the Old French çucre candi ("sugar candy"). The French term probably has earlier roots in the Arabic qandi , Persian qand and Sanskrit khanda , all words for sugar. Sugarcane
3008-505: The first material good that children spent their own money on. For this reason, candy store-owners relied almost entirely on the business of children to keep them running. Even penny candies were directly descended from medicated lozenges that held bitter medicine in a hard sugar coating. In 1847, the invention of the candy press (also known under the surprising name of a toy machine ) made it possible to produce multiple shapes and sizes of candy at once. In 1851, confectioners began to use
3072-408: The late 13th century. The first candy came to America during the early 18th century from Britain and France . Only a few of the early colonists were proficient in sugar work and sugary treats were generally only enjoyed by the very wealthy. Even the simplest form of candy – rock candy , made from crystallized sugar – was considered a luxury. The candy business underwent a drastic change in
3136-409: The management, e.g. on the occasion of the golden wedding of George and Mrs Barratt in 1899, and in gratitude for an outing to Southend in 1910. A social club was opened in the 1930s, providing a club room, snooker, darts, dancing and a drama section. The company also provided a surgery with a full-time nurse and visiting doctor. The factory had a chiropodist and a fully equipped dental centre, with
3200-501: The mid-19th century, although these early claims were rarely true. Contamination by infectious agents such as virus or bacteria is unlikely through sweets, including unwrapped sweets. This is in part because bacteria can not replicate in the very dry and sweet environment of candy. Hard, round candies are a leading cause of choking deaths in children. Some types of candy, such as Lychee Mini Fruity Gels , have been associated with so many choking deaths that their import or manufacture
3264-428: The mouth or are easily chewed; they include fondant and fudge. In 2022, flavorless candy was developed that was hard but not sweet. Chocolate is sometimes treated as a separate branch of confectionery. In this model, chocolate candies like chocolate candy bars and chocolate truffles are included. Hot chocolate or other cocoa-based drinks are excluded, as is candy made from white chocolate . When chocolate
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#17328012202233328-520: The mouth that demineralize the tooth enamel and can lead to dental caries. Heavy or frequent consumption of high-sugar foods, especially lollipops, sugary cough drops , and other sugar-based candies that stay in the mouth for a long time, increases the risk of tooth decay. Candies that also contain enamel-dissolving acids, such as acid drops , increase the risk. Cleaning the teeth and mouth shortly after eating any type of sugary food, and allowing several hours to pass between eating such foods, reduces
3392-410: The potential for food poisoning ; that is, old candy may not look appealing or taste very good, even though it is very unlikely to make the eater sick. Candy can be made unsafe by storing it badly, such as in a wet, moldy area. Typical recommendations are these: Most sugar candies are defined in US law as a food of minimal nutritional value . Even in a culture that eats sweets frequently, candy
3456-516: The rarity of actual incidents. The phrase like taking candy from a baby is a common simile , and means that something is very easy to do. A 1959 Swedish dental health campaign encouraged people to reduce the risk of dental problems by limiting consumption of candy to once a week. The slogan, "All the sweets you want, but only once a week", started a tradition of buying candy every Saturday, called lördagsgodis (literally "Saturday candy"). Barratt (confectionery) Barratt & Co.
3520-621: The risk and improves oral health . However, frequent consumption of fruits and fruit juice, which contain both acid and sugars, may be a more significant factor in dental decay than candies. The link between candy and caries was formally identified through the Vipeholm experiments , where intellectually disabled people were fed copious amounts of candy and were found to develop poor dental health. The experiments are today considered to have violated multiple principles of medical ethics . Most candy, particularly low-fat and fat-free candy, has
3584-569: The sherbet then sucked clean, or used to spoon the sherbet direct into the mouth. Flying saucers are small dimpled discs of edible coloured paper ( rice paper ), typically filled with white unflavoured sherbet (the same form as in Sherbet Fountains). The first flying saucers were produced in the 1950s in Belgium. Sherbet has been used in parts of both the UK and Australia as slang for an alcoholic drink, especially beer . This use
3648-613: The site has since been occupied by The Chocolate Factory. A selection of old photographs, brochures and letters from former employees is held in the archives of the London Borough of Haringey at Bruce Castle Museum. Although there was a week-long strike in September 1890, it involved only about a third of the 600 staff, and was prompted by the Gas Stokers’ union. Generally management-staff relationships were good, and
3712-441: The start of the 20th century, when undernutrition was a serious problem, especially among poor and working-class people, and when nutrition science was a new field, the high calorie content was promoted as a virtue. Researchers suggested that candy, especially candy made with milk and nuts, was a low-cost alternative to normal meals. To get the food energy necessary for a day of labor, candy might cost half as much as eggs. During
3776-416: The traditional paper packaging, the top of the stick was intended to be bitten off to form a straw and the sherbet sucked through it, where it fizzes and dissolves on the tongue. The "new" format only includes a solid liquorice stick, so the sherbet must be licked off that, or eaten directly. This method of consumption was also considered acceptable with the original packaging, which has since been replaced with
3840-553: Was attributable to a product sold as 'stickjaw' toffee – said to have been made accidentally – that was very popular with children. When the company outgrew its Hoxton site it moved to a former piano factory, owned by a Mr Ivory, on Mayes Road, Wood Green , north of London. The first building was ready in 1882. By 1904 eight buildings were in use on nearly 5 acres, despite the setback of a serious fire on 18 October 1899 in which five buildings were destroyed. Two years later there were around 2,000 employees producing 350 tonnes of sweets
3904-528: Was contained in a paper-wrapped cardboard tube with a liquorice “straw” stuck in the top. By the 1950s Barratt's produced some 200 lines of confectionery, mainly from seven types of manufacture: Rock, Sweet Cigarettes, Sherbet Products, Starch Goods, Liquorice, Boilings and Caramels & Toffees. Tangerine Confectionery's newly reintroduced Barratt brand portfolio includes DipDab, Refreshers, Nougat, Sherbet Fountain, Fruit Salad, Black Jack, Wham, Refreshers Softies and Fruit Salad Softies. The modern version of
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#17328012202233968-520: Was established in London in 1848 by George Osborne Barratt . By 1906 it was the largest confectionery manufacturer in the world. It became a limited company in 1909, and was acquired by Bassett's in 1966, then by Cadbury Schweppes in 1989 and by Tangerine Confectionery (since renamed Valeo Confectionery ) in 2008. George Osborne Barratt started a confectionery business in 1848 employing one sugar boiler at 32 Shepherdess Walk, Hoxton . The enterprise
4032-685: Was readily available, candy was based on honey . Honey was used in Ancient China , the Middle East , Egypt , Greece and the Roman Empire to coat fruits and flowers to preserve them or to create forms of candy. Candy is still served in this form today, though now it is more typically seen as a type of garnish . Before the Industrial Revolution , candy was often considered a form of medicine , either used to calm
4096-404: Was successful: it grew rapidly and neighbouring properties were bought up to allow for the expansion. Barratt himself travelled, in his pony and trap, to deliver and promote his products in and around London. Then, his eldest son George (1852-1928), when he was about 17, took over these journeys, and Barratt senior worked large parts of the country for the next 20 years. Part of the company's success
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