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21-721: The Protestant dissenting deputies (also known as the Deputies of the Three Denominations of Dissenters ) were a group in the 18th and 19th centuries in England, consisting of two representatives from each congregation of the dissenting denominations within ten miles of London. The 'three denominations' were Presbyterian , Independent and Baptist . The first formal meeting was in 1736 in Salters' Hall when Benjamin Avery

42-518: A Presbyterian polity found themselves in a dilemma. The Act of Uniformity 1662 required that they accept the Book of Common Prayer in its entirety, as well as the requirement of episcopal ordination . Ministers who did not accept, some 2,000 of them, were removed from their posts (and, usually, their homes as well) on St Bartholomew's Day , in what became known as the Great Ejection . This

63-573: A conservatism in Christian doctrine , which kept the congregations orthodox and Calvinistic. The more open attitude of Presbyterian congregations led them to appoint ministers with a more liberal viewpoint, which, amongst other factors such as their ministers being trained in the Dissenting Academies , led to a growing heterodoxy into Arminianism , Arianism , and eventually Christian Unitarianism . The Presbyterian Church of England

84-532: Is an Act of the Parliament of England . (It was formerly cited as 13 & 14 Cha. 2 . c. 4, by reference to the regnal year when it was passed on 19 May 1662.) It prescribed the form of public prayers , administration of sacraments , and other rites of the Established Church of England , according to the rites and ceremonies prescribed in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer . Adherence to this

105-715: The Corporation Acts excluded all nonconformists from holding civil or military office, and prevented them from being awarded degrees by the universities of Cambridge and Oxford . Another Act, the Quaker Act 1662 , required subjects to swear an oath of allegiance to the king, which Quakers did not do out of religious conviction. It set out specific penalties for first (a fine of up to £5, or three months' imprisonment with hard labour), second (a fine of up to £10, or six months imprisonment with hard labour), and third (transportation) offence. It also allowed that should

126-795: The Puritans had abolished many features of the Church during the Civil War . The act did not explicitly encompass the Isle of Man . A few sections of this Act were still in force in the United Kingdom at the end of 2010. As an immediate result of this Act, over 2,000 clergymen refused to take the oath and were expelled from the Church of England in what became known as the Great Ejection of 1662. Although there had already been ministers outside

147-633: The London congregations, was, de facto , the representatives for dissenting bodies across the nation. They presented addresses to the Crown on behalf of all dissenters. They tended to support private influence over more public forms of protest. Their support was a leading cause for the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts in 1828. This religion -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . English Presbyterianism Though

168-625: The Presbyterians and led to a serious rupture between them and the Independents . English Presbyterians came to be representative of those Puritans who still cherished further reformation in church, but were unwavering in their fundamental loyalty to the Crown . Following the Restoration of the monarchy under King Charles II , and of the episcopal (bishop-led) system within the Church of England, Anglican ministers who favoured

189-649: The defendant subsequently agree to swear oaths and not attend unlawful assemblies (as defined by the Act) then all penalties would be cancelled. The Book of Common Prayer introduced by Charles II was substantially the same as Elizabeth's version of 1559, itself based on Thomas Cranmer's earlier version of 1552 . Apart from minor changes this remains the official and permanent legal version of prayer authorised by Parliament and Church. The Toleration Act 1688 allowed certain dissenters places and freedom to worship, provided they accept to subscribe to an oath. The provisions of

210-471: The end of the seventeenth century, the Church of England had reclaimed these chapels of ease, and Dissenting congregations began to build their own chapels. Aside from Quaker meetings, the English Dissenters styled themselves as either ‘Independent’ or ‘Presbyterian’. The ’Independents’ , who might have a Calvinistic or a Baptist creed, regarded themselves as exclusive, and distinct from

231-517: The established church, this created the concept of non-conformity , with a substantial section of English society excluded from public affairs for a century and a half. The Act of Uniformity itself is one of four crucial pieces of legislation, known as the Clarendon Code , named after Edward Hyde , Earl of Clarendon, Charles II 's Lord Chancellor. They are: Combined with the Test Act ,

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252-400: The parish church. The Presbyterians, on the other hand, though each congregation was as independent and autonomous as any Independent chapel, used the name ‘Presbyterian’ because they regarded the doors of their chapels as open to all members of the parish; or, at least, all members of the parish who were of good character. In effect, they regarded each chapel as just another parish church. It

273-733: The pattern of church life recorded in Scripture , without vestments and prelates , when church government was in the hands of presbyters . English Presbyterianism itself dates to the tumultuous year 1641, which saw the execution of the Earl of Stafford , the Imprisonment of the Twelve Bishops , the publication of the Grand Remonstrance , and most importantly the beginning of a great debate within and without Parliament on

294-704: The subject of church government. On 11 December 1640, 15,000 Londoners presented the Root and Branch petition to Parliament, which led to the Westminster Assembly of Divines . The Assembly reported in July 1645. Later that year, Parliament enacted for the establishment in every parish of a "congregational assembly", consisting of ruling elders elected by the minister and members of the congregation, and meeting weekly. In practice, few parish assemblies became established. The execution of Charles I in 1649 horrified

315-446: The word Presbyterian dates to 1607, English Presbyterianism had its beginnings in 1558, the year of Elizabeth I 's accession, when Protestant exiles , who had fled Mary I's revived heresy laws and the associated executions , began to return to England. Some of these Elizabethan puritans began to campaign for ecclesiastical reform from within the established (i.e. state-supported ) Church of England . They sought to recreate

336-588: Was elected chairman. Their main aim was protecting the civil rights of Dissenters (i.e. fighting against the several statutes passed after the Restoration that imposed civil and religious disabilities on non- Anglicans ). They found support in the Whig party. They had a selected committee of twenty-one who met regularly at the King's Head Tavern on Poultry, London . The group, though technically representative of

357-641: Was followed by more than a century of persecution, including further acts of Parliament such as the Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1753 . The Church of England had difficulty filling the vacancies caused by the ejection of so many ministers. In some cases, ministers continued to baptise, marry, and preach in the parish church, quite illegally. In general, the ejected ministers continued to preach to dispersed congregations, making use of now unused chapels of ease (most of which had been built with privately donated funds), and from their own homes. However, by

378-797: Was founded in 1876 by merging of the English congregations of the chiefly Scottish United Presbyterian Church with various other Presbyterian congregations in England. In 1972, virtually all congregations of the Presbyterian Church of England combined with the majority of churches in the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church in England. In 1969 the International Presbyterian Church

399-904: Was founded in England with its first congregation in Ealing. As of 2019 it has nine English churches which are part of its wider British Presbytery. It also has seven Korean-speaking congregations in England as well, as part of the Korean Presbytery. In 1996 the Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales was established as a presbytery. As of 2016 it had 17 congregations (12 in England, 3 in Wales, 1 in Sweden, and 1 in Germany. Act of Uniformity 1662 The Act of Uniformity 1662 ( 14 Cha. 2 . c. 4)

420-574: Was required in order to hold any office in government or the church, although the new version of the Book of Common Prayer prescribed by the Act was so new that most people had never even seen a copy. The Act also required that the Book of Common Prayer "be truly and exactly Translated into the British or Welsh Tongue". It also explicitly required episcopal ordination for all ministers, i.e. deacons, priests and bishops, which had to be reintroduced since

441-611: Was this attitude which, at first, caused particular animosity towards Presbyterians from some Anglicans, who regarded them as schismatics , actively seeking to divide the Church in England . Outwardly, though, there was initially little difference between ‘Independents’ and ‘Presbyterians’, except that they received financial assistance from the Independent and the Presbyterian Fund boards, respectively. The exclusivity of Independent congregations tended to perpetuate

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