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12-523: Fossilized horn coral has been discovered on exposed limestone rock. Ancient pictographs and matate dating to AD 1200 exist in the area and are attributed to the Mogollon people . The Apache people resided in this area beginning in the 15th century. The warrior Cochise and his army defeated a small force of Confederate soldiers here at the First Battle of Dragoon Springs but was defeated at

24-842: A first ascent of a route on Vortex Dome. In 1967 a set of climbers including Joanna McComb, Merle Wheeler, Don Morris and Dan Jones made several attempts to top out Rockfellow Dome, the highest of the summits in this tight group. Although they did not succeed in reaching that particular summit they established high quality routes while maintaining a bold and clean climbing ethic. In 1972 Dave Baker (founder of Summit Hut in Tucson), Mark Axon and Mike McEwenbegan climbing in Cochise. Eventually others including Gary Axen, Kem Johnson, Jake Bender, Scott Williams, Gary Hervert and Marti Woerner joined this group. This group eventually completed ascents of Rockfellow Dome, End Pinnacle and Cochise Dome. They touched off what

36-472: A meter (3 ft 3 in) in length. However, some species of rugose corals could form large colonies (e.g., Lithostrotion ). When radiating septa were present, they were usually in multiples of four, hence Tetracorallia in contrast to modern Hexacorallia , colonial polyps generally with sixfold symmetry. Rugose corals have a skeleton made of calcite that is often fossilized. Like modern corals ( Scleractinia ), rugose corals were invariably benthic , living on

48-615: Is known as the Golden Age of first ascents in Cochise. Later notable climbers who were responsible for establishing routes in the area included Steve Grossman, John Steiger and Paul Davidson. In 1979 this trio succeeded in climbing a route they named “As the Wind Cries” to the top of Chey Deas Tsay, the only dome remaining in Cochise Stronghold that had not yet been ascended. Rugosa The Rugosa , also called

60-616: The Second Battle of Dragoon Springs a few days later. Cochise Stronghold Memorial Park lies near Mount Glenn on the eastern slope of the range and the historic town of Tombstone can be found at the southwestern portion of the range. There are also several ghost towns in the Dragoon Mountains including Gleeson and Courtland . The range is south of Interstate 10 , between the Whetstone Mountains to

72-562: The Tetracorallia , rugose corals , or horn corals , are an extinct order of solitary and colonial corals that were abundant in Middle Ordovician to Late Permian seas. Solitary rugosans (e.g., Caninia , Lophophyllidium , Neozaphrentis , Streptelasma ) are often referred to as horn corals because of a unique horn-shaped chamber with a wrinkled, or rugose , wall. Some solitary rugosans reached nearly

84-488: The corallite skeleton. The corallites are usually large relative to different types of coral. Rugose corals will sometimes have dissepiments, which are curved plates connected to septa and tabulae. The symmetry can be distinguished by the orientation of septa in a transverse section of the coral. Rugose corals always display bilateral symmetry whereas tabulate and scleractinian corals show radial symmetry. Initially there are only four major septa; later minor septa are added in

96-400: The four resulting spaces. The complex arrangement of septa is diagnostic of rugose corals. Rugose corals will also always have a columella, an axial rod which supports the septa running up the center of the corallite. It is present in rugose corals because they were mainly solitary and so required the extra support. Tabulate corals have no columella because they were always colonial and relied on

108-548: The sea floor or in a reef-framework. Some symbiotic rugose corals were endobionts of Stromatoporoidea , especially in the Silurian period. Although there is no direct proof, it is inferred that these Palaeozoic corals possessed stinging cells to capture prey. They also had tentacles to help them catch prey. Technically they were carnivores, but prey-size was so small they are often referred to as microcarnivores. Rugose corals always show tabulae, horizontal plates that divide

120-564: The support of neighboring corallites. Lithostrotion Lithostrotion is a genus of rugose coral which is commonly found as a fossil within Carboniferous Limestone . Lithostrotion is a member of the family Lithostrotionidae . The genus Lithostrotion , a common and readily recognised group of fossils, became extinct by the end of the Palaeozoic era. This prehistoric Hexacorallia article

132-508: The west, and Chiricahua Mountains to the east. Higher elevations of the major ranges in the region are in the Madrean Sky Islands ecoregion, with sky island habitats. Mount Glenn (7,520 ft; 2,290 m) is the highest point in the range. The Little Dragoon Mountains are the continuation of the Dragoon Mountains north of Texas Canyon . The mountains were included in the short-lived Dragoon National Forest , which

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144-569: Was established in 1907 and combined into Coronado National Forest in 1908. The area is now included in the Douglas Ranger District. Evergreen oak woodlands and pines surround many areas of the range, as well as desert ferns, yucca, and cactus. Other notable species in the area include hexalectris colemanii , lupinus lemmonii, and penstemon discolor. The earliest known roped, technical climbing in Cochise Stronghold took place in 1966, involving John Rupley and Fred Beckey making

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