A design is the concept of or proposal for an object, process , or system . The word design refers to something that is or has been intentionally created by a thinking agent, and is sometimes used to refer to the inherent nature of something – its design. The verb to design expresses the process of developing a design. In some cases, the direct construction of an object without an explicit prior plan may also be considered to be a design (such as in arts and crafts). A design is expected to have a purpose within a certain context, usually having to satisfy certain goals and constraints and to take into account aesthetic , functional, economic, environmental, or socio-political considerations. Traditional examples of designs include architectural and engineering drawings, circuit diagrams , sewing patterns , and less tangible artefacts such as business process models.
26-594: Dragestil ( lit. ' Dragon Style ' ) is a style of design and architecture that originated in Norway and was widely used principally between 1880 and 1910. It is a variant of the more embracing National Romantic style and an expression of Romantic nationalism . The foremost sources of inspiration for the Dragestil style were the Viking and medieval art and architecture of Scandinavia. It had roots in
52-576: A degree project, ten weeks at BFA-level and twenty at MFA-level, ending with a public examination and, if the student passes the examination, an exhibition for all graduating students: the Degree Exhibition ( Vårutställningen in Swedish). The annual exhibition usually takes place at Konstfack during two weeks in May, with around 180 exhibiting students, and attracts thousands of visitors. Link to
78-478: A design is called a design process, with some employing designated processes such as design thinking and design methods . The process of creating a design can be brief (a quick sketch) or lengthy and complicated, involving considerable research, negotiation, reflection, modeling , interactive adjustment, and re-design. Designing is also a widespread activity outside of the professions of those formally recognized as designers. In his influential book The Sciences of
104-404: A focus on the development of both particular and general skills for designing. Traditionally, its primary orientation has been to prepare students for professional design practice, based on project work and studio, or atelier , teaching methods. There are also broader forms of higher education in design studies and design thinking . Design is also a part of general education, for example within
130-411: A range of applications both for the term 'art' and the term 'design'. Applied arts can include industrial design , graphic design , fashion design , and the decorative arts which traditionally includes craft objects. In graphic arts (2D image making that ranges from photography to illustration), the distinction is often made between fine art and commercial art , based on the context within which
156-665: A state school and was renamed Slöjdskolan i Stockholm (Handicraft School in Stockholm) in 1859; and in the context of a thorough reorganisation, where the school was divided into four departments in 1879, to Tekniska skolan (The Technical School). From 1945 it was known as Konstfackskolan (The school of art departments), when the institution was divided into the departments devoted to distinct disciplines that remain largely today: Textile, Decorative art, Sculpture, Ceramics, Furniture and Interior Design, Metal and Advertising and Printing . The school also obtained official status and had
182-407: A two-year day school and a three-year arts and craft evening school. To this was added a two-year higher Arts and Crafts school and a three-year Art Teacher institute. It was given the status of a högskola ("university college") in 1978. From 1993 it was called Konstfack , the short form of the full name, formerly used colloquially. Long located on Norrmalm , between Klara kyrka and Hötorget ,
208-490: Is based on an empiricist philosophy and broadly consistent with the agile approach and methodical development. Substantial empirical evidence supports the veracity of this perspective in describing the actions of real designers. Like the rational model, the action-centric model sees design as informed by research and knowledge. At least two views of design activity are consistent with the action-centric perspective. Both involve these three basic activities: The concept of
234-496: Is complicated by varying interpretations of what constitutes 'designing'. Many design historians, such as John Heskett , look to the Industrial Revolution and the development of mass production. Others subscribe to conceptions of design that include pre-industrial objects and artefacts, beginning their narratives of design in prehistoric times. Originally situated within art history , the historical development of
260-466: Is informed by research and knowledge in a predictable and controlled manner. Typical stages consistent with the rational model include the following: Each stage has many associated best practices . The rational model has been widely criticized on two primary grounds: The action-centric perspective is a label given to a collection of interrelated concepts, which are antithetical to the rational model. It posits that: The action-centric perspective
286-465: Is to attract both Swedish and international students, and the education is held mainly in English. There is also a doctoral program given in collaboration with Royal Institute of Technology : Konstfack offers courses for professionals, for example CuratorLab and Research Lab. Konstfack has four departments: The third year of the bachelor's programme and the second year of the master's includes
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#1732787810735312-742: The Bologna process , Konstfack offers bachelor's degree programmes (3 years, 180 ECTS credits, Bachelor of Fine Arts ), and master's degree programmes (2 years, 120 ECTS credits, Master of Fine Arts ). There are also Art Education programmes (teacher programmes, 4/5 years and 5 years). The 2-year Animation education existed between 1996 and 2005; and was located in Eksjö . There are seven Bachelor's Programmes : The Undergraduate Programmes are conducted in Swedish. There are five Master's Programmes : One goal of Konstfack's two-year Graduate Programmes
338-673: The Rominten Hunting Lodge were erected for Kaiser Wilhelm II . Design People who produce designs are called designers . The term 'designer' usually refers to someone who works professionally in one of the various design areas. Within the professions, the word 'designer' is generally qualified by the area of practice (for example: a fashion designer , a product designer , a web designer , or an interior designer ), but it can also designate other practitioners such as architects and engineers (see below: Types of designing). A designer's sequence of activities to produce
364-400: The design cycle is understood as a circular time structure, which may start with the thinking of an idea, then expressing it by the use of visual or verbal means of communication (design tools), the sharing and perceiving of the expressed idea, and finally starting a new cycle with the critical rethinking of the perceived idea. Anderson points out that this concept emphasizes the importance of
390-508: The Artificial, the interdisciplinary scientist Herbert A. Simon proposed that, "Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones." According to the design researcher Nigel Cross , "Everyone can – and does – design," and "Design ability is something that everyone has, to some extent, because it is embedded in our brains as a natural cognitive function." The study of design history
416-600: The curriculum topic, Design and Technology . The development of design in general education in the 1970s created a need to identify fundamental aspects of 'designerly' ways of knowing, thinking, and acting, which resulted in establishing design as a distinct discipline of study. Substantial disagreement exists concerning how designers in many fields, whether amateur or professional, alone or in teams, produce designs. Design researchers Dorst and Dijkhuis acknowledged that "there are many ways of describing design processes," and compare and contrast two dominant but different views of
442-671: The design process: as a rational problem-solving process and as a process of reflection-in-action. They suggested that these two paradigms "represent two fundamentally different ways of looking at the world – positivism and constructionism ." The paradigms may reflect differing views of how designing should be done and how it actually is done, and both have a variety of names. The problem-solving view has been called "the rational model," "technical rationality" and "the reason-centric perspective." The alternative view has been called "reflection-in-action," "coevolution" and "the action-centric perspective." The rational model
468-475: The discipline of design history coalesced in the 1970s, as interested academics worked to recognize design as a separate and legitimate target for historical research. Early influential design historians include German-British art historian Nikolaus Pevsner and Swiss historian and architecture critic Sigfried Giedion . In Western Europe, institutions for design education date back to the nineteenth century. The Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry
494-427: The means of expression, which at the same time are means of perception of any design ideas. Philosophy of design is the study of definitions, assumptions, foundations, and implications of design. There are also many informal 'philosophies' for guiding design such as personal values or preferred approaches. Some of these values and approaches include: The boundaries between art and design are blurry, largely due to
520-412: The name "Söndags-Rit-skola för Handtverkare" ("Sunday Drawing School for Artisans"). The school was taken over by Svenska Slöjdföreningen (today known as Svensk form ) the next year and renamed Svenska Slöjdföreningens skola . In 1857, the first two female students (Sofi Granberg and Matilda Andersson) were accepted, and the following year female students officially were invited to apply. It became
546-1925: The official website for the Spring Exhibition 2023 . A selection of some distinguished former students at the different departments at Konstfack (Art or designer groups referred to by their collective names): Fine Arts: Hilma af Klint , Cecilia Edefalk , Ingela Ihrman , Stig Lindberg (textile and ceramic designer), Annika von Hausswolff , Carl Milles , Dorinel Marc, Johanna Billing , Maria Miesenberger , Miriam Bäckström , Caroline Schlyter , Karin Mamma Andersson , Annie Bergman , Elsa Björkman-Goldschmidt , Siri Derkert , Harriet Löwenhjelm . Graphic Design and Illustration: Carl Johan De Geer (artist and designer), Lasse Åberg (filmmaker), Brita Granström (artist and illustrator), Lotta Kühlhorn , Lars Hall (advertising), Oskar Korsár (artist and illustrator), Tuulikki Pietilä (artist), RBG6 (motion graphics), REALA, Stina Wirsén (illustrator), Ana Biscaia , Tove Jansson (artist and illustrator), Vivi Sylwan (drawing instructor, textile historian and textile curator). Interior Architecture and Furniture Design: Claesson Koivisto Rune, Gunilla Allard, Jonas Bohlin, Mats Theselius, Stefan Borselius, Thomas Bernstrand, Greta Magnusson-Grossman . Industrial Design: A & E Design , Katja Pettersson , Front (arty designers), Veryday (formerly Ergonomidesign), No Picnic, Propeller, Transformator Design. Ceramics & Glass: Bertil Vallien, Per B. Sundberg, Zandra Ahl, Christian Pontus Andersson (artist). Art Education: Cecilia Torudd (cartoonist), Elsa Beskow (writer and illustrator of children's books), Gert Z Nordström, Jan Stenmark (artist), Jockum Nordström (artist). Textiles: Astrid Sampe , Hans Krondahl , Mah-Jong (creators of intellectual fashion in
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#1732787810735572-591: The preservation of stave churches and the recent excavation of historic relics such as the Tune , Gokstad and Oseberg ships. It often featured Norse motifs, such as serpents and dragons , hence its popular appellation. Important proponents in the modern era included Norwegian architects Holm Hansen Munthe and Balthazar Lange . In Germany, the Kongsnæs' Sailors Station [ de ] in Potsdam and
598-470: The school was in 1959 moved to a new building on Valhallavägen with well-equipped workshops, designed by architects Gösta Åberg and Tage Hertzell. In 2004 it once again moved, to the former headquarters of LM Ericsson at Telefonplan in South Stockholm . The 20,300-square metre interior of the old factory building was redesigned by architects including Gert Wingårdh . Following the standards of
624-457: The work is produced and how it is traded. Konstfack Konstfack University of Arts, Crafts and Design , is a university college for higher education in the area of art, crafts and design in Stockholm , Sweden . Konstfack has had several different names since it was founded in 1844 by the ethnologist and artist Nils Månsson Mandelgren as a part-time art school for artisans, under
650-622: Was founded in 1818, followed by the United Kingdom's Government School of Design (1837), and Konstfack in Sweden (1844). The Rhode Island School of Design was founded in the United States in 1877. The German art and design school Bauhaus , founded in 1919, greatly influenced modern design education. Design education covers the teaching of theory, knowledge and values in the design of products, services, and environments, with
676-400: Was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon, an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz. It posits that: The rational model is based on a rationalist philosophy and underlies the waterfall model , systems development life cycle , and much of the engineering design literature. According to the rationalist philosophy, design
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