Misplaced Pages

#420579

29-728: Draft Declaration may refer to: Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , the process of writing the UDHR Draft Declaration of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine , a Ukrainian anarchist manifesto Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

58-436: A ballot . Abstention must be contrasted with " blank vote ", in which a voter casts a ballot willfully made invalid by marking it wrongly or by not marking anything at all. A "blank voter" has voted, although their vote may be considered a spoilt vote , depending on each legislation, while an abstaining voter has not voted. Both forms (abstention and blank vote) may or may not, depending on the circumstances, be considered to be

87-407: A protest vote (also known as a "blank vote"). Abstention is related to political apathy and low voter turnout . An abstention may be used to indicate the voting individual's ambivalence about the measure, or mild disapproval that does not rise to the level of active opposition. Abstention can also be used when someone has a certain position about an issue, but since the popular sentiment supports

116-586: A quorum . Instead, blank votes may be counted in the total of votes, depending on the legislation. An active abstention can occur when a voter votes in a way that balances out their vote as if they had never voted. This has occurred many times in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom . During a division (a process where a yes/no vote occurs to agree or disagree with a motion), a Member of Parliament may actively abstain by voting both "yes" and "no". This

145-665: A member of the drafting committee, the French philosopher Jacques Maritain was influential in the lead up to the drafting of the Universal Declaration, advocacy for it within UNESCO in 1947–1948, and in its subsequent advancement. The Drafting Committee included John Peters Humphrey was newly appointed as Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat. In this role, he produced

174-493: A plantation sitting around voting for masters and spending their energy on campaigning and candidates when they could be heading for the " underground railway ?" Surely they would choose the counter-economic alternative; surely Dr. Rothbard would urge them to do so and not be seduced into remaining on the plantation until the Abolitionist Slavemasters' Party is elected. The German philosopher and founder of

203-653: A result of a rational agreement). The second controversy was basically between the positions of the Marxist theory of the Soviet Bloc and the liberal theory of the Western World . In philosophical terms, the Soviet Bloc criticized the individualist stance of the issue, arguing in favor of the collectivism approach, where the rights of the collective dominate that of an individual. In political terms,

232-522: A visible protest—but this is a tactical not a moral consideration. Voting would not be evil but, in such a case, less effective than the protest. But if it is morally licit and nonaggressive for slaves to vote for a choice of masters, in the same way it is licit for us to vote for what we believe the lesser of two or more evils, and still more beneficial to vote for an avowedly libertarian candidates. Samuel Edward Konkin III responded: Can you imagine slaves on

261-485: Is an oft-cited sentiment attributed to anarchist Emma Goldman . In addition to strategic non-voters, there are also ethical non-voters , those who reject voting outright, not merely as an ineffective tactic for change, but moreover because they view the act as either a grant of consent to be governed by the state , a means of imposing illegitimate control over one's countrymen, or both. Thus, this view holds that through voting, one necessarily finds themselves violating

290-479: Is effectively the same as not voting at all, as the outcome will not be changed by active abstention. However, in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom , active abstention is not possible as a Lord voting both ways will be removed from the list of votes. In another manner, an intentionally spoilt vote could be interpreted as an active abstention. Because of the nature of an abstention, only intentionally spoiled ballots could be counted as active abstention. In

319-532: The New Libertarian Manifesto ' s arguments that voting is immoral or undesirable: Let's put it this way: Suppose we were slaves in the Old South , and that for some reason, each plantation had a system where the slaves were allowed to choose every four years between two alternative masters. Would it be evil, and sanctioning slavery, to participate in such a choice? Suppose one master

SECTION 10

#1732765205421

348-457: The Party of Nonvoters  [ de ] , Werner Peters  [ de ] describes in his 2021 published book "Nonvoters into parliament – Refreshment of democracy" ( Nichtwähler ins Parlament – Auffrischung der Demokratie ) an institutionalisation of nonvoter proportions . Peters proposes to treat abstentions like regular votes and allocate proportionatly

377-603: The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights came into force, giving a legal status to most of the Declaration) Source: United Nations Year Book 1948–1949, pp. 524 et seq Abstention Abstention is a term in election procedure for when a participant in a vote either does not go to vote (on election day) or, in parliamentary procedure , is present during the vote but does not cast

406-739: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , the Union of South Africa , the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . The first controversy to resolve was related to the very origin of the human rights, basically the discussion between the supporters of the concepts of natural rights (which humans are endowed by God or Nature ) and positive rights (which humans acquire as

435-474: The Soviet Union and its satellites, facing mounting accusations of human rights violations, argued that the declaration is a mere formality if it would not consider guarantees of economic and social rights. However these objections were of surprisingly little consequence, because the Soviet Bloc was not very active during the seating of the commission, perhaps indicating a preestablished decision not to sign

464-690: The United Nations General Assembly or one of its committees abstain on a measure, then the measure fails. In the Council of the European Union , an abstention on a matter decided by unanimity has the effect of a yes vote; on matters decided by qualified majority it has an effect of a no vote. In the Italian Senate , an abstention used to have the effects of a no vote. This was changed in 2017, when it

493-560: The United Nations Security Council , representatives of the five countries holding a veto power (the United States , United Kingdom , France , Russia and China ) sometimes abstain rather than vetoing a measure about which they are less than enthusiastic, particularly if the measure otherwise has broad support. By convention, their abstention does not block the measure. If a majority of members of

522-584: The United States Senate , the Presiding Officer calls each senator's name alphabetically, and, if abstaining, the senator must give a reason for the abstention. Members may decline to vote, in committee or on the floor, on any matter which they believe would be a conflict of interest. An example of a conflict was when Senator Mitch McConnell abstained when his wife Elaine Chao was nominated to positions that needed to be confirmed by

551-423: The non-aggression principle . Herbert Spencer noted that whether a person votes for the winning candidate, votes for a losing candidate, or abstains from voting, he will be deemed to have consented to the rule of the winning candidate, if they were to follow the doctrine of Blackstone of which Spencer stated "A rather awkward doctrine this." Murray Rothbard , while an American libertarian himself, criticized

580-613: The Declaration provide the pediment which binds the structure together. These articles are concerned with the duty of the individual to society and the prohibition of use of rights in contravention of the purposes of the United Nations. Cassin compared the Declaration to the portico of a Greek temple, with a foundation, steps, four columns and a pediment. The Cassin draft was submitted to the Commission on Human Rights and

609-409: The Declaration. Another issue is the legal status of the declaration. The majority considered the document to be mainly of moral character. At the same time some participants argued in favor of adding certain legal aspects in terms of international law . British representatives in particular were extremely frustrated that the proposal had moral but no legal obligation. (It was not until 1976 that

SECTION 20

#1732765205421

638-623: The Senate; the most recent was on January 31, 2017 when Chao was confirmed as Transportation Secretary. When a senator is nominated for a position that needs to be confirmed by the Senate, that senator is expected to vote "present", such as occurred in 2013 when John Kerry was nominated for the position of Secretary of State and voted "present" rather than vote for his own confirmation. In support for this non-political strategy, some non-voters claim that voting does not make any positive difference. "If voting changed anything, they’d make it illegal"

667-721: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Cassin compared the Declaration to the portico of a Greek temple, with a foundation, steps, four columns, and a pediment. Members of the Commission who contributed significantly to the creation of the Declaration included Canadian John Peters Humphrey of the United Nations Secretariat , Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States (who chaired the Drafting Committee), René Cassin of France , Charles Malik of Lebanon , P. C. Chang of Republic of China , and Hansa Jivraj Mehta of India among others. While not

696-520: The first draft of a list of rights that were to form the basis of the Declaration. The underlying structure of the Universal Declaration was introduced in its second draft which was prepared by René Cassin working from the Humphrey draft. The structure was influenced by the Code Napoleon , including a preamble and introductory general principles. In Cassin's model, the last three articles of

725-504: The opposite, it might not be politically expedient to vote according to their conscience. A person may also abstain when they do not feel adequately informed about the issue at hand, or have not participated in relevant discussion. In parliamentary procedure, a member may be required to abstain in the case of a real or perceived conflict of interest . Abstentions do not count in tallying the vote negatively or positively; when members abstain, they are in effect attending only to contribute to

754-462: The title Draft Declaration . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft_Declaration&oldid=1086911612 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Drafting of

783-410: Was a monster who systematically tortured all the slaves, while the other one was kindly, enforced almost no work rules, freed one slave a year, or whatever. It would seem to me not only not aggression to vote for the kinder master but idiotic if we failed to do so. Of course, there might well be circumstances—say when both masters are similar—where the slaves would be better off not voting in order to make

812-477: Was established that a measure only needed for the number of yes votes to be higher than the number of no votes in order to pass, with abstentions being counted neither as yes votes nor as no votes. In the United States House of Representatives and many other legislatures, members may vote "present" rather than for or against a bill or resolution, which has the effect of an abstention. In

841-703: Was to undergo editing in the commission, then in further drafts considered by the Third Committee of the United Nations, and finally in a draft before the General Assembly of the United Nations, which ultimately adopted the Declaration on 10 December 1948. The vote for the declaration was 48 to 0, with eight abstentions : the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic , Czechoslovakia , the People's Republic of Poland ,

#420579