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21-463: Their name is derived from Slavic drevo/древо or derevo/дерево , meaning "wood" and "tree", because they lived in the forests. Their name may be rendered "the dwellers in the forest". They possibly were mentioned as Forsderen-Liudi by Bavarian Geographer in the 9th century. Nestor the Chronicler (1056–1114) mentioned that those Slavs who settled in open fields had been called Polyani (after

42-775: A number of chronicles , in the times of Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv (supposedly, founders of Kiev ) the Drevlians had their own princely rule and were frequently at war with the Polyani . In 883, Prince Oleg of Novgorod made the Drevlians pay tribute to Kiev. In 907, the Drevlians took part in the Kievan military campaign against the Eastern Roman Empire . After Oleg's death in 912 the Drevlians stopped paying tribute. The Varangian warlord Sveneld made them pay tribute to himself. Oleg's successor Igor attempted to levy

63-527: A short Latin medieval text containing a list of the tribes in Central and Eastern Europe , headed Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii ( Latin for ' Description of cities and lands north of the Danube ' ). The name "Bavarian Geographer" was first bestowed (in its French form, " Géographe de Bavière ") in 1796 by Polish count and scholar Jan Potocki . The term

84-620: Is largely geographic in nature, and its understanding of Eastern European geography is limited, so it may be a case of cosmography . The document has a short introductory sentence and a list of 58 tribal names in Central and Eastern Europe , east of the Elbe and north of the Danube to the Volga River to the Black Sea and Caspian Sea (most of them of Slavonic origin, with Ruzzi , and others such as Vulgarii , etc.). Absent on

105-2735: Is now also used at times to refer to the document itself. It was the first Latin source to claim that all Slavs have originated from the same homeland, called the Zeriuani . Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii . Isti sunt qui propinquiores resident finibus Danaorum, quos vocant Nortabtrezi , ubi regio, in qua sunt civitates LIII per duces suos partite. Uuilci , in qua civitates XCV et regiones IIII. Linaa est populus, qui habet civitates VII. Prope illis resident, quos vocant Bethenici et Smeldingon et Morizani, qui habent civitates XI. Iuxta illos sunt, qui vocantur Hehfeldi , qui habent civitates VIII. Iuxta illos est regio, que vocatur Surbi , in qua regione plures sunt, que habent civitates L. Iuxta illos sunt quos vocant Talaminzi, qui habent civitates XIII. Beheimare , in qua sunt civitates XV. Marharii habent civitates XL. Uulgarii regio est inmensa et populus multus habens civitates V, eo quod mutitudo magna ex eis sit et non sit eis opus civitates habere. Est populus quem vocant Merehanos , ipsi habent civitates XXX. Iste sunt regiones, que terminant in finibus nostris. Isti sunt, qui iuxta istorum fines resident. Osterabtrezi, in qua civitates plus quam C sunt. Miloxi, in qua civitates LXVII. Phesnuzi habent civitates LXX. Thadesi plus quam CC urbes habent. Glopeani , in qua civitates CCCC aut eo amplius. Zuireani habent civitates CCCXXV. Busani habent civitates CCXXXI. Sittici regio inmensa populis et urbibus munitissimis. Stadici, in qua civitates DXVI populousque infinitus. Sebbirozi habent civitates XC. Unlizi populus multus civitates CCCCXVIII. Neriuani habent civitates LXXVIII. Attorozi habent civitates CXLVIII, populus ferocissimus. Eptaradici habent civitates CCLXIII. Uuilerozi habent civitates CLXXX. Zabrozi habent civitates CCXII. Znetalici habent civitates LXXIIII. Aturezani habent civitates CIIII. Chozirozi habent civitates CCL. Lendizi habent civitates XCVIII. Thafnezi habent civitates CCLVII. Zeriuani , quod tantum est regnum, ut ex eo cuncte genetes Sclauorum exorte sint et originem, sicut affirmant, ducant. Prissani civitates LXX. Uelunzani civitates LXX. Bruzi plus est undique quam de Enisa ad Rhenum Uuizunbeire Caziri civitates C. Ruzzi. Forsderen. Liudi. Fresiti. Serauici. Lucolane. Ungare . Uuislane . Sleenzane civitates XV. Lunsizi civitates XXX. Dadosesani civitates XX. Milzane civitates XXX. Besunzane civitates II. Uerizane civitates X. Fraganeo civitates XL. Lupiglaa civitates XXX. Opolini civitates XX. Golensizi civitates V. The short document, written in Latin ,

126-629: The Reregi because of their lucrative trade emporium Reric . In common with other Slavic groups, they were often described by Germanic sources as Wends . The main tribes of the Obotritic confederation were: Other tribes associated with the confederation include: As allies of the Carolingian kings and the empire of their Ottonian successors, the Obotrites fought from 808 to 1200 against

147-551: The Wendish Crusade . German missionaries such as Vicelinus converted the Obotrites to Christianity . In 1170 they acknowledged the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Empire , leading to Germanisation and assimilation over the following centuries. However, up to the late 15th century most villagers in the Obotritic area were still speaking Slavic dialects ( Polabian language ), although subsequently their language

168-511: The kings of Denmark , who wished to rule the Baltic region independently of the empire. When opportunities arose, for instance upon the death of an emperor, they would seek to seize power; and in 983 Hamburg was destroyed by the Obotrites under their king, Mstivoj . At times they levied tribute from the Danes and Saxons . Under the leadership of Niklot , they resisted a Christian assault during

189-515: The Drevlians occurred in a chronicle of 1136, when Grand Prince Yaropolk Vladimirovich of Kiev gave their lands to the Church of the Tithes . The Drevlians are depicted in works dedicated to Kniaz Igor and Kniaginia Olga , including: and also Bavarian Geographer The epithet " Bavarian Geographer " ( Latin : Geographus Bavarus ) is the conventional name for the anonymous author of

210-480: The Drevlians was Iskorosten (today's Korosten ), where one can still see a group of compact ancient settlements. After the Kievan Rus' conquered the Drevlians, Iskorosten was burned to the ground and the capital transferred to Ovruch. By the end of the first millennium , the Drevlians already had well-developed farming and handicrafts . The Drevlians initially fervently opposed the Kievan Rus' . According to

231-709: The Germanic Saxons and the Slavic Veleti . The Obotrites under Prince Thrasco defeated the Saxons in the Battle of Bornhöved (798) . The still- Pagan Saxons were dispersed by the emperor, and the part of their former land in Holstein north of Elbe was awarded to the Obotrites in 804, as a reward for their victory. This however was soon reverted through an invasion of the Danes . The Obotrite regnal style

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252-548: The Slavic pole/поле , meaning "field"), and those in forest areas Drevlyani . The Drevlians left many archaeological traces, such as agricultural settlements with semi- dugouts (or earth-houses), moundless burial grounds and barrows , fortified towns like Vruchiy (present-day Ovruch ), Horodske, site of an ancient settlement near Malyn (supposedly, a residence of the Drevlian prince Mal ), and others. The principal city of

273-571: The document is disputed. Although early commentators suggested that it could have been compiled in Regensburg , the list seems to have been taken from Codex Reginbertinus II , recorded in the 9th century in the library of the Reichenau Abbey and named after a local librarian. Based on these findings, Bernhard Bischoff attributes it to a monk active at Reichenau from the 830s to 850s. Aleksandr Nazarenko finds it more probable that

294-452: The first list are mentioned: In the second list are mentioned: Obotrites The Obotrites ( Latin : Obotriti , Abodritorum , Abodritos ) or Obodrites , also spelled Abodrites ( German : Abodriten ), were a confederation of medieval West Slavic tribes within the territory of modern Mecklenburg and Holstein in northern Germany (see Polabian Slavs ). For decades, they were allies of Charlemagne in his wars against

315-464: The list are Polans , Pomeranians and Masovians , tribes first of whom are believed to have settled along the shores of the Warta river during the 8th century, as well Dulebes , Volhynians and White Croats , but instead mentioning several unknown tribes hard to identify. There is also some information about the number of strongholds ( Latin : civitates ) possessed by some of the tribes, however

336-429: The list was composed in the 870s, when Saint Methodius is believed to have resided at Reichenau. The document may have been connected with his missions in the Slavic lands. Henryk Łowmiański demonstrated that the list consists of two parts, which may be datable to different periods and attributed to distinct authors. In modern times, some scholars attribute the information from this document to be limited, because it

357-487: The number in several instances seems exaggerated. The list consists of two parts, first describing the tribes in the Eastern neighborhood of Francia ( iste sunt regiones ... nostris ), while the second or near or outside the zone of the first going in different directions. The tribes can be geographically grouped into Danubian, Silesian-Lusatian, Baltic, and Eastern Vistulan-Caspian. According to Łowmiański (1958), in

378-494: The tribute after Sveneld, but the Drevlians revolted and killed him in 945. Igor's widow Olga avenged her husband's death in an extremely harsh manner, killing Drevlian ambassadors and nobility , burning their capital of Iskorosten to the ground and leveling other towns. After having subjugated the Drevlians, Olga transformed their territories into a Kievan appanage with the center in Vruchiy. The last contemporary mention of

399-753: Was abolished in 1167, when Pribislav was restored to power by Duke Henry the Lion , as Prince of Mecklenburg, thereby founding the Germanized House of Mecklenburg . The Bavarian Geographer , an anonymous medieval document compiled in Regensburg in 830, contains a list of the tribes in Central Eastern Europe to the east of the Elbe. The list includes the Nortabtrezi (Obotrites) - with 53 civitates . Adam of Bremen referred to them as

420-603: Was discovered in 1772 in the Bavarian State Library , Munich by Louis XV 's ambassador to the Saxon court, Comte Louis-Gabriel Du Buat-Nançay . It had been acquired by the Wittelsbachs with the collection of the antiquarian Hermann Schädel (1410–85) in 1571. The document was much discussed in the early 19th-century historiography, notably by Nikolai Karamzin and Joachim Lelewel . The provenance of

441-781: Was displaced by German . The Polabian language survived until the beginning of the 19th century in Hanoverian Wendland, eastern Lower Saxony (bordering modern Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). The ruling clan of the Obotrites kept its power throughout the Germanisation and ruled their country (except during a short interruption in Thirty Years' War ) as House of Mecklenburg until the end of monarchies in Germany in November Revolution 1918 . Previously,

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