Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse (20 November 1787 – 9 December 1867) was a German firearms inventor and manufacturer. He is most famous for submitting the Dreyse needle gun in 1836 to the Prussian army , which was adopted for service in December 1840 as the Leichte Perkussions-Gewehr M 1841 – a name deliberately chosen to mislead about the rifle's mechanism – later renamed Zündnadelgewehr M 1841 in 1855.
19-462: Dreyse may refer to: Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse (1787–1867), German firearms inventor Hitch Dreyse, a fictional character in Attack on Titan ( Shingeki no Kyojin ) series who serves in the military police . Dreyse needle gun , a German service rifle 1841-1873 Dreyse M1907 , a German semi-automatic pistol 1907-1945 Waffenfabrik von Dreyse,
38-402: A sabot . The gun's needle penetrated the paper cartridge before igniting the black powder charge. The Dreyse's simple construction made it relatively easy to keep clean and in operation. For instance, worn needles could be quickly replaced without dismantling the bolt mechanism. The Dreyse rifle was a significant ordnance improvement for its time, since it permitted a much faster rate of fire than
57-457: A company to manufacture percussion caps . It was there that he designed the needle rifle. While the gun is thought of by some to be the first bolt-action rifle , in reality it bears little resemblance to modern bolt-action rifles, except for the bolt principle itself which was applied to close the breech . Ammunition for the Dreyse rifle was made up of paper cartridges holding the bullet into
76-730: A different receiver and cartridge-feeding mechanism for the Magazine Rifle Board competition, but despite several prototypes refined by Hugo Borchardt , not a single one was not adopted. During the Coal Wars , a series of U.S. labor conflicts, Vetterli rifles were sought after not only as a bear rifle but as a self defense rifle called the "poor man’s bear gun”. During the Battle of Blair Mountain , Vetterli rifles were often used by coal miners as combat rifles. Surplus Vetterli rifles were used in "surprising number" by civilians in
95-485: A few carbines and musquetoons were converted in Rome and Gardone to fire the 6.5x52mm Carcano round, by adding a 6.5 mm barrel liner and a Carcano -style magazine. These conversions were never meant for extended firing with standard 6.5×52mm loads, as the smokeless powder 6.5×52mm cartridge generates higher pressure than the black powder 10.35×47mmR. In 1877-1878, Sharps Rifle Company modified Vetterli action with
114-697: A firearms manufacturing company taken over in 1901 by Rheinische Metallwaaren- und Maschinenfabrik Sömmerda; later, Rheinmetall Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Dreyse . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dreyse&oldid=972990325 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Surnames of German origin Hidden categories: Short description
133-832: A large magazine capacity of 11 rounds, which was more than any other rifle of the time, predating the Lee–Metford . Due to the Swiss Federal Council 's early 1866 decision to equip the army with a breechloading repeating rifle , the Vetterli rifles were, at the time of their introduction, the most advanced military rifles in Europe. The Vetterli was the replacement for the Eidgenössischer Stutzer 1851 , an Amsler-Milbank metallic cartridge conversion from previous Swiss muzzle-loading rifles. The model 1867
152-546: A modified Vetterli design, however as a single-shot, in 1870. Unlike the Swiss model, it was chambered for a centrefire cartridge, the 10.35×47mmR. In 1887, the Italian military updated its single-shot Model 1870 Vetterli rifles with a four-round Vitali box magazine During World War I , like many nations, Italy faced a shortage of modern infantry rifles. As a stop-gap measure, hundreds of thousands of Vetterli-Vitali rifles and
171-621: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse Dreyse was born in Sömmerda (then ruled by the Archbishopric of Mainz ), the son of a locksmith. Dreyse worked from 1809 to 1814 in the Parisian gun factory of Jean-Samuel Pauly , a Swiss who designed several experimental breech-loading military rifles. After returning to Sömmerda in 1814, he founded
190-488: The Scharfschützen ( sniper ) companies of the army. The Stutzer were equipped with a sensitive Stecher ( double set trigger ) action and featured a shorter barrel. The Kavallerie-Repetierkarabiner (English: cavalry repeating carbine ) was another shortened variant of the 1871 rifle for use by the cavalry, which at that time was still armed with percussion pistols . To accelerate the sluggish production of
209-535: The American Winchester Model 1866 's tubular magazine with a regular bolt featuring for the first time two opposed rear locking lugs. This novel type of bolt was a major improvement over the simpler Dreyse and Chassepot bolt actions. The Vetterli was also the first repeating bolt-action rifle to feature a self-cocking action , small caliber bore, and the first known standard issue of the intermediate round , which gave controllable handling and
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#1732764679996228-524: The Model 1869 was updated by removing the loading gate and magazine cutoff switch. This change was designated the Model 1869/71 Even while manufacture of the M1869/71 was underway, a new 1871 model was put into production. It omitted some redundant parts and featured a modified sight as well as a stronger barrel and stronger iron hoops. The Stutzer ( carbine ) variant of the 1871 rifle was used to equip
247-566: The Vetterli rifles, the federal authorities built a new arms factory in Bern , the Eidgenössische Waffenfabrik ( W+F ), in 1875. That factory produced the 1878 variant of the Vetterli rifle. Its some 25 improvements included a new bayonet and lug, improved sights and a finger hook on the trigger guard. A Stutzer variant with a Stecher action, but otherwise identical to the rifle, was also produced. The Italian Army adopted
266-540: The activities of von Dreyse after he created the needle-gun, as he seems to have dropped the Johann part of his name and was known as Nikolaus von Dreyse . Vetterli rifle The Vetterli rifles were a series of Swiss army service rifles in use from 1869 to 1889, when they were replaced with Schmidt–Rubin rifles. Modified Vetterlis were also used by the Italian Army . The Swiss Vetterli rifles combined
285-574: The bolt-action Vetterli rifle , which was a tube-magazine rimfire metallic cartridge repeater. The French transformed the 11mm Chassepot into a metallic-cartridge bolt-action rifle, the Mle 1874 Gras . Germany had also switched earlier to an 11mm metallic cartridge with the entirely new Mauser Model 1871 bolt-action rifle. Great Britain and the U.S. evolved from muzzle-loaders to metallic-cartridge breech-loaders, but with systems other than bolt action, during that same period. There remains some ambiguity about
304-412: The external hammer with an internal cocking bolt spring, rounded front barrel band and placing the cleaning rod on the left side of the rifle. It was discovered soon after that the cleaning rod in its current placement was easily damaged and was subsequently moved to the under-barrel position. The model was designated the Model 1869. The 1869 Repetiergewehr Vetterli (English: repeating rifle, Vetterli )
323-797: The muzzle-loading rifled muskets which were the standard of world's armies until the mid-1860s. It also enabled riflemen to reload without standing and exposing themselves to fire. The Dreyse rifle was used by the Prussians during the Second Schleswig War , Austro-Prussian War , and the Franco-Prussian War . By that time, the gun was fast becoming obsolete, and was outclassed by the French bolt-action Mle 1866 Chassepot rifle. Other bolt-action rifle designs had emerged in other countries. For example, in 1869 Switzerland adopted
342-630: Was the first iteration of Vetterli rifles to go into full mass production. It was designed by Johann-Friedrich Vetterli (1822–1882), a Swiss riflemaker, who worked in France and England before becoming director of the Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft 's armament factory in Neuhausen Switzerland. He also adapted his rifle into a single-shot centerfire variant procured by the Italian Army . In 1871
361-474: Was the first iteration of Vetterli rifles. It was accepted into service in February 1868. The model 1867, like its successors, featured a 12-round under barrel tubular magazine and bolt action feed system. The primary distinguishing feature of the Model 1867 was the external hammer. Before the Model 1867 was put into full production, the rifle designer, Johann Friedrich Vetterli , updated the rifle by replacing
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