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36-660: In Droomvlucht, the visitors fly through a dream world of forests, castles, fairies, trolls and other fairy-tale-like creatures and scenes. The visitors are seated in small open cabins hanging from the ceiling. The ride takes them past five different scenes in about six minutes: the Castle Realm , the Wondrous Forest, the Fairy Garden, Heavenly Strongholds and the Squelch Forest. The speed and height of

72-466: A more powerful realm ( Cleves and Berg ), and some whose territorial boundaries were nominal and the position purely titular ( Frankfurt ). In the 21st century, only Luxembourg remains a grand duchy. The only grand duchy still extant is Luxembourg . It regained its independence from Napoleonic France and became a sovereign grand duchy in 1815 by decision of the Congress of Vienna which dealt with

108-685: A united Kingdom of Italy . In 1696, the Duchy of Savoy became the Grand Duchy of Savoy when its duke was promoted to grand duke by writ of the emperor. The title was considered a necessary bribe to keep Savoy aligned with the rest of the imperial states during the Nine Years War against France. From 1713, the primary title of the ruler of the Savoyard state became "king" instead (briefly of Sicily, then of Sardinia from 1720 onward). In

144-486: Is Royal Highness (HRH). The title of grand duke borne under the Russian Empire by children and grandchildren of its rulers was a non-sovereign honorific, unrelated to any grand duchy, to which was attached the style of Imperial Highness (HIH). Ranking, internationally, no higher than the members of other reigning dynasties whose head held the title of emperor, the usage was an historical anomaly, persisting from

180-467: Is a country or territory whose official head of state or ruler is a monarch bearing the title of grand duke or grand duchess . Prior to the early 1800s, the only Grand duchies in Europe were located in what is now Italy: Tuscany (declared in 1569) and Savoy (in 1696). During the 19th century there were as many as 14 grand duchies in Europe at once (a few of which were first created as exclaves of

216-526: Is a community or territory over which a sovereign rules. The term is commonly used to describe a monarchical or dynastic state. A realm may also be a subdivision within an empire , if it has its own monarch, e.g. the German Empire . The Old French word reaume , modern French royaume , was the word first adopted in English; the fixed modern spelling does not appear until the beginning of

252-449: Is a realm but not a kingdom , since its monarch holds the title Grand Duke rather than King. The term may commonly be used to describe any of the " Commonwealth realms ", which are kingdoms in their own right and share the same person as monarch, though they are fully independent of each other. More broadly, a "realm" may encompass territories that are subject to a monarch, yet are not a physical part of his or her "kingdom"; for example,

288-592: Is particularly used for those states whose name includes the word kingdom (for example, the United Kingdom ), as elegant variation , to avoid clumsy repetition of the word in a sentence (for example, "The King's realm, the United Kingdom..."). It is also useful to describe those countries whose monarchs are called something other than "king" or "queen"; for example, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

324-751: Is referred to as the Grand Principality of Transylvania in English rather than as a Grand Duchy, since its name/title derives directly from Großfürst(entum) . Until the 18th century it had been simply referred to as Fürstentum Siebenbürgen in German and the Principality of Transylvania in English, much like the Danubian Principalities . Junior members of the dynasties of historical grand duchies in Germany sometimes bore

360-666: Is said to have been used by the rulers of Lithuania , and after rulers from the Jagiellonian dynasty became Kings of Poland , it was found among the titles used by the rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . The Polish kings of the Swedish House of Vasa also used this grand-princely title for their non-Polish territories. On the other hand, the Habsburg (Austrian) Großfürstentum Siebenbürgen

396-527: The Cook Islands and Niue are considered parts of the Realm of New Zealand , although they are not part of New Zealand proper. Realm may also be used metaphorically to refer to an area of knowledge, expertise or habitat within which an individual or denizen is pre-eminent or dominant, e.g., "Shakespeare's realm was English drama," or "A lion's realm is the jungle". Grand Duchy A grand duchy

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432-527: The German Confederation . The term "grand duchy" is often, but incorrectly, used in reference to Warsaw between 1807 and 1813, which was in fact the Duchy of Warsaw . In Belgium and to some extent in France, Grand-Duché (French for "grand duchy") is often used as a metonym to refer to the neighbouring country, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg . This practice helps to avoid confusion with

468-565: The House of Nassau , the throne would go to the next in line from any of the other branches. This resulted in the title of grand duke being bestowed on a distant male cousin of William III, Adolphe , from the elder branch of Nassau-Weilburg (at present Luxembourg-Nassau ). The current monarch is Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 2000. The term "grand duchy" is of relatively late invention, used at first in Western Europe in 1569 in

504-553: The Napoleonic empire but later re-created, usually with different borders, under another dynasty). Some of these were sovereign and nominally independent ( Baden , Hesse and by Rhine , Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Mecklenburg-Strelitz , Oldenburg , Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Tuscany ), some sovereign but held in personal union with larger realms by a monarch whose grand-dukedom was borne as a subsidiary title (Finland, Luxembourg, Transylvania ), some of which were client states of

540-453: The 17th century. The word supposedly derives from medieval Latin regalimen , from regalis , of or belonging to a rex ' king ' . The word rex itself is derived from the Latin verb regere , which means ' to rule ' . Thus the literal meaning of the word realm is ' the territory of a ruler ' , traditionally a monarch (emperor, king, grand duke, prince, etc.). "Realm"

576-523: The Castle Realm. Four lighted castles float against the evening glow. The hazy realm also has a waterfall and a smell of moist vegetation. The forest is filled with fairies and creatures that look like fauns , but because of the lack of goat-like legs they appear to be satyrs . Another one is a troll-like creature, the Squelch, here playing a harp. Behind a magic fairy a satyr can be seen bathing in

612-512: The Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg, died without leaving a male heir. He was succeeded on the Dutch throne by his daughter Wilhelmina , but she could not become Grand Duchess of Luxembourg under the semi-Salic law established by the Congress of Vienna . In terms of the law, the grand ducal throne had to be passed to a male dynast . If there were no male heirs in a specific branch of

648-523: The Netherlands and Luxembourg and small parts of western Germany ( Burgundian Netherlands ). The first monarchy ever officially titled a "grand duchy" was the Medici sovereignty over Tuscany thanks to a papal bull issued by Pope Pius V , the first rulers receiving the title in 1569. Tuscany remained a grand duchy until 1860, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia which succeeded in establishing

684-482: The case of Tuscany, to denote either territories of a particularly mighty duke or territories of significant importance in political, economical or military matters without being of sufficient size or importance to be recognized internationally as a kingdom. The number of duchies had inflated towards the end of the Middle Ages to an extent that included middle-sized towns or relatively small fiefs , as compared to

720-615: The early nineteenth century, Napoléon I occasionally used the title "grand duchy" for several French satellite states given to his relatives or generals. Other allies abandoned the orbit of the Holy Roman Empire to join Napoleon's nominally independent Confederation of the Rhine . The elevation of these vassals to the title of grand duke was usually accompanied by an expansion of their realms with additional territory gathered at

756-419: The elevation of the Grand Duchy of Muscovy to the tsardom and, later, empire of All Russia, until its collapse in 1917. In several Balto-Slavic languages (such as Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Belarusian and Russian), the term often translated into English as "grand duke" is literally grand prince . In some western European languages (English, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, etc.), the term "grand prince"

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792-514: The expense of subdued powers such as Prussia . Though Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and most of his newly created satellite states abolished, the Congress of Vienna restored some of the previous sovereign duchies and principalities, while recognizing others as grand duchies. As a result, the 19th century saw the creation of a new group of grand duchies in central Europe, such as

828-401: The grand duchies of Hesse , Baden and Oldenburg . Historically, in Europe a sovereign grand duke was one of the highest ranks among hereditary rulers after emperor and king , and was equal to that of prince-elector ; ranking as royalty, i.e., European rulers and, in Germany, the reigning nobility ( Hochadel ). The correct form of address (also for the heir apparent and his wife)

864-699: The imperial House of Romanov who were children or patrilineal grandchildren of a Russian emperor. More remote descendants of emperors were titled "prince" ( князь , knyaz ). The Grand Duchy of Finland , an autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire and established in 1809, was referred to in Swedish, Finnish and Russian as a Grand Principality ( Swedish : Storfurstendömet Finland ; Finnish : Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta ; Russian: Великое княжество Финляндское ) Velikoye knyazhestvo Finlyandskoye ; The Russian Tsar held title as Grand Duke of Finland. The title of "Grand Prince" ( Ukrainian : Великий Князь )

900-441: The individual cabins vary throughout the ride, with a climax in the troll marshes at the end, where the cabins come to a seeming free-fall in a spiral downwards from 13 meters of height. Efteling wanted to present Droomvlucht in 1992, for the 40-year anniversary of the park, which coincided with the opening of Disneyland Park (Paris) . However, due to problems with the seating cabins it was not ready until 1993. Due to this problem,

936-602: The latter part of the scene. The last scene spirals 13 meters down into a rain forest, populated by trolls and squelches who are enjoying themselves in the rain. A troll comes at the car when at ground level. Some elves, trolls and squelches conclude the ride. The music for Dreamflight – for each scene a different theme - was composed by Ruud Bos, who also wrote the musical themes for (among other attractions) Fata Morgana , Vogel Rok and Villa Volta . 51°39′09″N 5°02′46″E  /  51.65250°N 5.04611°E  / 51.65250; 5.04611 Realm A realm

972-679: The national, pre-medieval tribal provinces. As a consequence, a new title was needed to make the difference between important and unimportant regional powers: the title grand duke was born. One of the first examples was the unofficial use of the title for the dukes of Burgundy , who almost succeeded in forming a new kingdom in the historical region of Lotharingia . Collectively known as the Burgundian State in modern historiography, they held lands in modern-day eastern France (Burgundy, Franche-Comté, Alsatia, Lorraine, Champagne, Picardy and Nord-Pas-de-Calais) as well as most of modern Belgium,

1008-468: The nude, and above him is a unicorn . In this garden fairies can be seen paddling and swinging, while others watch the visitor from branches on all sides. A deer is quenching her thirst. The troll king Oberon is waving the guests out, into a long tunnel with stars. In this scene there are several moons and strongholds circling each other against a starlit sky. The moons are urbanized with magical cities. Several giant lighted strongholds are floating in

1044-483: The political aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars . In order to act as a sufficient counterbalance to France, the Congress decided to grant the dignity of grand duke of Luxembourg to the monarch of the newly created United Kingdom of the Netherlands which comprised present-day Netherlands and Belgium. Luxembourg remained in personal union with the crown of the Netherlands until 1890 when William III , King of

1080-549: The ride cost € 4.5 million more than was estimated, bringing the total costs up to €12.5 million. Due to the ride's popularity, the original entry was moved from the thematic hall to a standard queue line. The original entry hall is still in use for special events. The ride starts with some animatronics . Integration between the scenes consists of scarcely lit tunnels with ambient music . The ride contains 48 fairies , 10 trolls , 38 animals, 1 million flowers, 1.5 million plants and 3.8 million leaves. The dream begins upon entering

1116-499: The smaller post-1815 German states' rulers, and still in use today by the Prince of Liechtenstein ) and is distinct from Prinz , which is used for a member of the dynasty of a monarch; both are translated as "prince" in English. Emerging from the Middle Ages , the rulers of Ruthenia (modern Ukraine), Lithuania and some Eastern Slavic states , as well as other Eastern European princes and later Russian dynasts, were referred to by

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1152-513: The style of Highness , sometimes that of Grand Ducal Highness , and continued to be accorded those styles post-monarchy by courtesy in such reference works as the Almanach de Gotha and Burke's Peerage . Prior to the Napoleonic Wars , only two grand duchies were recognized in Europe. Both were in Italy, the first, Tuscany, was elevated to that status by a papal bull while the second, Savoy,

1188-532: The title Великий Князь ( Veliky Knyaz , German: Großfürst ), whose literal English translation is "grand prince" rather than "grand duke". Although grand prince is found in historical references, since the reign of Catherine the Great , the Russian Veliky Knyaz has usually been translated into English as "grand duke". Since the 18th century it has also been used to refer to cadets of

1224-493: Was elevated by the Holy Roman Emperor: Other states whose names are translated as "grand duchy" in English were, properly, grand principalities : The Napoleonic Wars saw several minor ducal titles so elevated, and between then and World War I there were many grand duchies in Europe. Some were created in the Napoleonic era, others were recognized by the Congress of Vienna and were founding members of

1260-415: Was rare or non-existent, used to refer to some rulers of Transylvania, Russia or Tuscany prior to the 19th century. In German and Scandinavian languages, both titles co-exist: Groß herzog ("grand duke") and Groß fürst ("grand prince"). Fürst is specifically a monarchal title (as used, for example, by the imperial princes ( Reichsfürsten ) of the Holy Roman Empire and retained by several of

1296-554: Was used by the supreme Kievan rulers of Kievan Rus' . After the dissantigration process occurred in the state, different members of the Rurik Dynasty in the northern principalities could compete for the title of Grand Prince of Kiev . Some princes however could add "Grand" to their title without winning the competition, such establishing their principality's independence from Kievan metropole . The title Magnus Dux or "grand duke" ( Lithuanian : Didysis kunigaikštis )

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