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27-477: Duchcov is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) southwest of Teplice and 20 km (12 mi) southwest of Ústí nad Labem . It lies in the Most Basin . The stream Loučeňský potok flows through the town. The town is surrounded by several fishponds and artificial lakes. The first written mention of Duchcov is from 1207, referring to the older name Hrabišín. The name of Duchcov is first mentioned in 1240. In

54-520: A national cultural monument . Today the castle is owned by the state. It is open to visitors and offers guided tours. The Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady is located next to the castle, on Republiky Square in the historic centre. It was built in the Baroque style in the 1720s. Other valuable buildings on the square include the fountain with the statue of Saint Florian from 1728 and Column of

81-548: A Liboczan ; late 15th century – 18 March 1553) was a Bohemian chronicler . He was author of famous Bohemian Chronicle (1541), also called the Hájek's Chronicle . This work served as the main source of Czech historical and national consciousness until the end of the 18th century, when numerous errors and fabrications contained in it were recognized. A scion of a noble family based in Libočany near Žatec , western Bohemia , Hajek

108-517: A dean of Karlštejn Castle and a priest in Tetín . In May 1533, he was appointed royal administrator of the Vyšehrad Chapter . Hájek reached the peak of ecclesiastical career when he became provost of Stará Boleslav Chapter, however, he fell from grace shortly afterwards and retired to Prague . His famous Bohemian Chronicle ( Kronika česká in original), written in old humanistic Czech , cover

135-481: A regional museum with historic castle interiors and a library. In the inner courtyard of the castle, there is a unique Romanesque exposition with the remains of Queen Judith and the remains of a Romanesque basilica with a rarely preserved Romanesque crypt. Adjoining the castle is a large castle garden. The Church of Saint John the Baptist is a baroque building from 1594, rebuilt in 1703 to its current form. Its tower

162-516: Is a castle ruin located in Trnovany part of Teplice. It was built in 1483 and conquered in 1639 during the Thirty Years' War. The castle began to serve as a destination for walks and in the 19th century, a restaurant and the neo-Gothic extension were built. Today there is a restaurant and a private lookout tower. Fossils of an elasmosaurid plesiosaur (large carnivorous marine reptile from

189-522: Is open to the public and serves as a lookout tower. The neo-Gothic Church of Saint Bartholomew was built in 1884 for German population of Lutheran faith. After their expulsion, the church changed owners several times and ceased to serve its purpose. Today it is conserved as a cultural monument and there are expositions concerning the history of the Jewish community in Teplice, and other. Doubravka Castle

216-424: Is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone . Teplice comprises the administrative parts of Teplice, Hudcov, Nová Ves, Prosetice, Řetenice, Sobědruhy and Trnovany. The Old Czech word teplice is an Old Czech word meaning 'warm (hot) water'. Teplice is located about 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of Ústí nad Labem and 72 km (45 mi) northwest of Prague . The northern part of

243-482: The Cretaceous period ) were found near Teplice at the end of the 19th century. In the village of Hudcov (a part of Teplice), plesiosaur Cimoliasaurus teplicensis was described in 1906 by Czech paleontologist Antonín Frič . Wenceslaus Hajek Wenceslaus Hájek of Libočany ( Czech : Václav Hájek z Libočan , German : Wenzeslaus Hagek von Libotschan , Latin : Wenceslaus Hagecius, Wenceslaus Hagek

270-519: The history of the Czech lands from the legendary early medieval rulers Lech, Czech, and Rus up to the coronation of King Ferdinand I in 1526. It was translated into German by Johann Sandel (1596), and later extensively studied by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832). Long considered one of the best sources of Czech history, modern criticism has found it to be quite inaccurate, although still useful for information about Czech literature traditions of

297-700: The 14th century, Duchcov was a serf town surrounded by walls with three gates. In these times, the Romanesque Church of St. George and the Dominican monastery were in the town. At the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries, Duchcov became the seat of the estate owners, the Kaplíř of Sulevice family, and in the 16th century, the Lobkowicz family acquired Duchcov. By marrying a widow from the Lobkowicz family,

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324-502: The 1930 census there were 30 799 people living in the city (5,232 persons of Czechoslovak ethnicity, 12 persons of Hungarian ethnicity, 23,127 persons of German ethnicity and 667 of Jewish ethnicity). Right-wing political groups like the German National Socialist Worker's Party referred to themselves as Volksdeutsche and began to urge for a unification with Germany, their efforts laid the foundation for

351-717: The Czechoslovak government enacted the Beneš decrees , whereafter the German-speaking majority of the population was expelled from Teplice. In 1945, the Princes of Clary-Aldringen, lords of Teplice since 1634, were expropriated . In 1994, Jaroslav Kubera of the ODS became mayor of Teplice and he held the position until 2018. The largest employers based in the city are AGC Flat Glass Czech (manufacturer of flat glass for

378-546: The Holy Trinity, built in 1750–1760. Duchcov is twinned with: Teplice Teplice ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈtɛplɪtsɛ] , until 1948 Teplice-Šanov ; German : Teplitz , Teplitz-Schönau ) is a city in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 51,000 inhabitants. It is the most populous Czech spa town , followed by Karlovy Vary . The historic city centre

405-472: The Wallenstein family acquired the town. A brewery was established in 1675. In 1763, the first coal mine was opened near the town. In the 19th century, Duchcov got industrial character. A sugar factory and a porcelain factory were established. In 1867, the railway was built, which enabled the rapid development of coal mining. Due to the influx of workers from the hinterland, the town with a German majority

432-678: The construction and automotive industries) and Severočeská servisní (a company that deals with construction and maintenance of pipelines), both with more than 1,000 employees. One of the most important employers is the spa. The thermal mineral springs were mentioned already in 1154, which makes the spa the oldest in the country and Central Europe . The Pravřídlo spring reaches a temperature of 41 °C. The spa focuses on treatment of musculoskeletal disorders , nervous system diseases , and vascular diseases . The city used to be nicknamed "Little Paris" and "Salon of Europe" for its spa architecture and cultural level until World War II. The opening of

459-803: The course of the Hussite Wars after the 1426 Battle of Aussig . In the late 15th century, queen consort Joanna of Rožmitál , wife of King George of Poděbrady , had a castle erected on the ruins. Teplice figures in the history of the Thirty Years' War , when it was a possession of the Protestant Bohemian noble Vilém Kinský , who was assassinated together with Generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein in Cheb in 1634. The Habsburg emperor Ferdinand II thereafter enfeoffed castle and town to his general Johann von Aldringen , who nevertheless

486-464: The first authentic mention of the baths occurred in the 16th century. The settlement of Trnovany was first documented in a 1057 deed, while Teplice proper was first mentioned in 1154, when Judith of Thuringia , queen consort of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia , founded a Benedictine convent near the hot springs, the second in Bohemia . A fortified town arose around the monastery, which was destroyed in

513-579: The liberation of Czechoslovakia, Duchcov returned under Czechoslovak administration. The Sudeten German population was expelled in 1945 and replaced by Czech settlers. Duchcov is located on the Děčín – Kadaň railway line. The main landmark of the town is the Duchcov Castle . The castle was built in the 13th century as a fortress and later was rebuilt in the Neoclassical style. It is protected as

540-490: The municipal territory lies in the Most Basin , the southern part lies in the Central Bohemian Uplands . The highest point is the hill Doubravská hora at 393 m (1,289 ft) above sea level. There are several small fish ponds in the territory. According to the 1541 Annales Bohemorum by chronicler Wenceslaus Hajek , the thermal springs are fabled to have been discovered as early as 762; however,

567-817: The rise of the Sudeten German Party under Konrad Henlein after 1933. With the Sudetenland , Teplice was annexed by Nazi Germany according to the 1938 Munich Agreement and incorporated into Reichsgau Sudetenland . In 1930, 3,213 Jews lived in Teplice, 10% of the population. Under the Nazi regime they faced the Holocaust in the Sudetenland . Many fled and the Teplice Synagogue was burnt during Kristallnacht . After World War II

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594-483: The spa season is an annual three-day celebration with a rich cultural program. The Krušnohorské Theatre is the city's main venue for operas and plays. Teplice is home to the professional football club FK Teplice playing in the Czech First League . The stadium Na Stínadlech is one of the largest in the country and has hosted international matches. The main landmark is Teplice Castle. It houses

621-407: The triple alliance against Napoleon I of France that led to the coalition victory at the nearby Battle of Kulm . In 1895, Teplice merged with neighbouring Lázně Šanov ( Schönau ). Upon the dissolution of Austria-Hungary after World War I and the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye , the predominantly German -speaking population found itself in newly established Czechoslovakia . According to

648-625: Was a popular venue for wealthy bourgeois like the poet Johann Gottfried Seume , who died on his stay in 1810, or Ludwig van Beethoven , who met here with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1812; as well as for European monarchs. During the Napoleonic War of the Sixth Coalition , Teplice in August 1813 was the site where Emperor Francis I of Austria , Emperor Alexander I of Russia and King Frederick William III of Prussia first signed

675-418: Was killed in battle in the same year, and Teplice fell to his sister Anna Maria von Clary-Aldringen. Consequently, and until 1945, Teplice Castle was the primarily seat of the princely House of Clary-Aldringen . After the Thirty Years' War , the devastated town was the destination of many German settlers. After a blaze in 1793, large parts of the town were rebuilt in a Neoclassical style. The health resort

702-766: Was ordained priest of the Kostelec parish near Budyně nad Ohří in 1520. One year later, he became a chaplain in Zlonice . Hajek initially was a member of the Bohemian Unity of the Brethren but later converted to Catholicism (a significantly minority religion in otherwise Protestant Bohemia at that time). In 1524 he served as a preacher at the St. Thomas' Church in Prague quarter Malá Strana (Lesser Town); from 1527 as

729-480: Was transformed into a Czech town. Until 1918, Dux – Duchcov was part of Austria-Hungary , head of the district with the same name, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia . In 1918, Duchcov became a part of independent Czechoslovakia . In 1938, as a result of the Munich Agreement , the town was ceded to Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland . In May 1945, after

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