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104-564: Dumaguete is a university city with four large universities and several colleges, attracting students of the province and students from across the Visayas and Mindanao . The city is best known for Silliman University , the first Protestant and American university in the country and in Asia. Schools in Dumaguete include 18 public elementary schools and eight public high schools. Dumaguete

208-405: A stereotypical college town often has many people in non-traditional lifestyles and subcultures and with a high tolerance for unconventionality in general, and has a very active musical or cultural scene. Many have become centres of technological research and innovative startups . Universities with start-up centers can be large cities like Munich , but also small cities like Trieste . Although

312-560: A Japanese propagandist and collaborator during World War II. Drawn and quartered with the use of carabaos , his remains were left hanging on a tree. Josefa Marcos was a schoolteacher who would far outlive her husband – dying in 1988, two years after the Marcos family left her in Malacañang Palace when they fled into exile after the 1986 People Power Revolution , and only one year before her son Ferdinand's death. Ferdinand

416-510: A branch of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas in Dumaguete. Shopping centers in Dumaguete include CityMall Dumaguete, Unitop Mall, Cang's Inc. Shopping Complex, Lee Super Plaza, and Robinsons Dumaguete . Business activities are concentrated in the downtown area. With the completion of four lanes, the Metro Dumaguete Diversion Road helps decongest the traffic in the main thoroughfares of the central business district from

520-623: A budget deficit 72% higher than the Philippine government's annual deficit from 1961 to 1965. This began a pattern of loan-funded spending which the Marcos administration would continue until the Marcoses were deposed in 1986, resulting in economic instability still being felt today, and of debts that experts say the Philippines will have to keep paying well into 2025. The grandest infrastructure projects of Marcos's first term, especially

624-448: A direct hand in running the military. He also significantly increased the budget of the armed forces, tapping them in civil projects such as the construction of schools. Generals loyal to Marcos were allowed to stay in their positions past their retirement age, or were rewarded with civilian government posts, leading Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. to accuse Marcos in 1968 of trying to establish "a garrison state". Under intense pressure from

728-411: A low cost of living , and often a pedestrian - or public transit -friendly development pattern. Several development companies now specialize in constructing retirement communities in college towns. In some cases the communities have developed formal relationships with the local institution. The demand for housing from students, faculty, staff, and retirees kept college town home prices stable during

832-684: A member of the House Committees on Defense, Ways and Means; Industry; Banks Currency; War Veterans; Civil Service; and on Corporations and Economic Planning. He was also a member of the Special Committee on Import and Price Controls and the Special Committee on Reparations, and of the House Electoral Tribunal. After he served as member of the House of Representatives for three terms, Marcos won his senate seat in

936-431: A rich and unique marine ecosystem that provides livelihoods to fishers and supports tourism. The coastal environment, which includes seagrass meadows , acts as efficient carbon sinks that mitigate the effects of climate change . This ecosystem includes 36.15 hectares of seagrasses and 36.20 hectares of coral reef. Dumaguete has four marine protected areas covering 104 hectares that host over 200 species of fish. In 2021,

1040-641: A strength of some 1,600 troops in 1968 and between 1966 and 1970 over 10,000 Filipino soldiers served in South Vietnam, mainly being involved in civilian infrastructure projects. With an eye toward becoming the first president of the third republic to be reelected to a second term, Marcos began taking up massive foreign loans to fund the "rice, roads, and school buildings" he promised in his reelection campaign. With tax revenues unable to fund his administration's 70% increase in infrastructure spending from 1966 to 1970, Marcos began tapping foreign loans, creating

1144-491: A term with somewhat derogatory connotations. While noise, traffic, and other quality of life issues have not been resolved, some advocates of New Urbanism have led the development of neighborhoods in college towns by specifically capitalizing on their proximity to university life. For instance, some universities have developed properties to allow faculty and staff members to walk to work, reducing demand for limited on-campus parking; Duke University 's Trinity Heights development

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1248-579: A university expands its facilities, the potential loss of property tax revenue is thus a concern, in addition to local desire to preserve open space or historic neighborhoods. As a result, local people may resent the university and its students. The students, in turn, may criticize the local residents' taking jobs at the university provided by student tuition and fees, and accepting the tax revenues (e.g. local sales tax, property tax on rented properties) that students generate, but resenting students' lifestyles. Some students refer to other inhabitants as "townies",

1352-454: Is 215 kilometres (134 mi) from Bacolod City via Kabankalan - Mabinay - Bais Road. Dumaguete has hosted numerous Asian, national, regional, and provincial sports events, such as the 4th Asian University Basketball Federation (AUBF) 2005, the 2013 Palarong Pambansa , 2012 Philippine National Games (POC-PSC), Philippine Volleyball League, National Frisbee Championship, Batang Pinoy Visayas, Dumaguete Dragon Boat Challenge, Unigames, CVIRAA,

1456-498: Is a community (often a separate town or city , but in some cases a town/city neighborhood or a district ) that is dominated by its university population. The university may be large, or there may be several smaller institutions such as liberal arts colleges clustered, or the residential population may be small, but college towns in all cases are so dubbed because the presence of the educational institution(s) pervades economic and social life. Many local residents may be employed by

1560-655: Is a key example. In many cases, developers have built communities where access to the university (even if not directly adjacent) is promoted as an advantage. Student housing is also an important component of college towns. In the United States most state universities have 50 percent or more of their enrolled students living off-campus. This trend, which began in the 1960s, originally meant the conversion of near campus single-family homes to student housing, creating " student ghettos ." Colleges and other developers began building purpose-built off-campus student housing areas in

1664-526: Is an indoor arena located near the coliseum which can accommodate around 6,000 people. Dumaguete is a university city , also called the "center of learning in the South," due to the presence of well-known universities. Public elementary and high schools including Dumaguete Science High School , the regional science high school of Central Visayas, is governed by Dumaguete City Schools Division of DepEd . College town A college town or university town

1768-766: Is being built at the back of Robinsons Dumaguete within the Dumaguete Business Park. Joining the existing Dumaguete Business Park are the Lifestyle 8880 District, a commercial complex with hotel and convention center in Daro, and the E.C. Ouano Sr. Complex in Bajumpandan, which is being used for government offices and other facilities. Dumaguete's outsourcing industry has a range of businesses, such as call centers, publishing, medical transcription , animation, editing, and architectural outsourcing. Dumaguete

1872-560: Is bounded by the towns of Bacong , Sibulan , and Valencia . The power source of the city comes from the geothermal power plant in Valencia. "Dumaguete" was coined from the Cebuano word daggit , which means "to snatch". The word dumaguet , meaning "to swoop", was coined because of the area's frequent raids by Moro pirates and its power to attract and keep visitors, both local and foreign. In 1572, Diego López Povedano indicated

1976-420: Is generally flat from two to six kilometers from the shoreline. It slopes gently upwards to the adjoining municipality of Valencia. The highest ground elevation is located at the boundary of the municipality of Valencia, about one hundred meters above mean sea level. About 93% of the land have slopes of less than 3%. The remaining areas have a 3% to 5% slope. Dumaguete has a tropical monsoon climate according to

2080-410: Is in power, trade winds can occur all year round, providing similar conditions. Southwest monsoon winds (habagat) usually bring overcast and rainy conditions from June to early October, but can also bring the hottest temperatures of the year due to the foehn effect ; nevertheless, skies are usually clear that nights feel cool, having the widest temperature variation in a day at this time. Dumaguete has

2184-628: Is listed among Next Wave Cities in the country with over 30 IT, KPO and BPO locators, and has been described as a hub for Business Process Outsourcing and Information Technology . Data from the Department of Tourism show that Dumaguete, the province's main gateway, and Negros Oriental are listed among the top ten most visited tourist destinations in the country. Rizal Boulevard is known for its hotels, coffee shops, fine dining restaurants, and bars that were mostly converted from sugar mansions and prominent ancestral houses. The boulevard extension to

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2288-475: Is located. A sugar hoarding scheme by National Sugar Trading Corporation (NASUTRA) of Roberto Benedicto backfired, resulting in the mass-firing of sugar workers in Negros Oriental and Negros Occidental. Worsened by the economic nosedive which had begun in 1983, it eventually became known as the 1985 Negros famine . Dumaguete has a land area of 3,362 hectares (8,310 acres), situated on the plains of

2392-480: Is now the branch of the National Museum in Dumaguete. The cathedral, belfry, and museum are all located near Quezon Park, named after the first President of the Philippines, Manuel L. Quezon . Silliman University 's Anthropology Museum, located in the university's Hibbard Hall, contains archaeological artifacts excavated from throughout Negros and parts of Mindanao. The National Commission for Culture and

2496-430: Is set to develop the beach area for another vertical residential complex in the coastal barangay of Mangnao through its Futura Shores Dumaguete. CityMall Dumaguete, a community mall anchored by SM Retail (SM Savemore and Ace Hardware) owned by DoubleDragon Properties , and Cang's Shopping Complex are located on the national highway serving shoppers in the north. A public transport terminal with multi-level parking spaces

2600-643: The Sydney Morning Herald , Marcos also had an affair with former Playboy model Evelin Hegyesi around 1970 and sired a child with her, Analisa Josefa. Marcos claimed that he was a descendant of Antonio Luna , a Filipino general during the Philippine–American War , a claim which has since been debunked by genealogist Mona Magno-Veluz. He also claimed that his ancestor was a 16th-century pirate, Limahong (Chinese: 林阿鳳), who used to raid

2704-467: The 1981 presidential election and referendum , Marcos's popularity suffered greatly, due to the economic collapse that began in early 1983 and the public outrage over the assassination of opposition leader Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. later that year. This discontent, the resulting resurgence of the opposition in the 1984 parliamentary election , and the discovery of documents exposing his financial accounts and false war records led Marcos to call

2808-654: The Banica River . Food carts in the Pantawan area sell Filipino street food such as balut , tempura , kikiam , and fishballs . The reclaimed Pantawan People's Park is the city's newest park located at the southern end of Rizal Boulevard. The St. Catherine of Alexandria Cathedral is known as the oldest stone church of Negros Island and the ecclesiastical seat of the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dumaguete . The detached 1879 Campanario ,

2912-552: The Cultural Center of the Philippines complex, also marked the beginning of what critics would call Marcos couple's edifice complex , with grand public infrastructures projects prioritized for public funding because of their propaganda value. In March 1968 a Muslim man named Jibin Arula was fished out of the waters of Manila Bay, having been shot. He was brought to then-Cavite Governor Delfin N. Montano, to whom he recounted

3016-492: The Köppen Climate classification with two distinct seasons: wet and dry. The wet season covers the period from June to November, and the dry season starts from December to May, the hottest being April and May. The average maximum temperature is 30.9 °C and the average minimum temperature is 24.8 °C for the 1991-2020 normals. The relative humidity of the locality for the past years was 81% with January registering

3120-563: The Philippine presidential election of 1965 against the incumbent president, Diosdado Macapagal . His inauguration marked the beginning of his two-decade long stay in power, even though the 1935 Philippine Constitution had set a limit of only two four-year terms of office. One of Marcos's earliest initiatives upon becoming president was to significantly expand the Philippine military. In an unprecedented move, Marcos chose to concurrently serve as his own defense secretary, allowing him to have

3224-413: The cost of living above that of the region. It is common for university employees to commute from surrounding areas, finding the cost of living in town too expensive. "Studentification", in which a growing student population move in large numbers to traditionally non-student neighborhoods, may be perceived as a form of invasion or gentrification . It may be due to university enrollment expanding beyond

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3328-485: The housing market downturn that began in 2005 . Ferdinand Marcos Presidency Family Unexplained wealth Legacy Related [REDACTED] Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, dictator and kleptocrat who served as the tenth president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. Marcos ruled

3432-584: The snap election of 1986 . Allegations of mass electoral fraud , political turmoil, and human rights abuses led to the People Power Revolution of February 1986, which removed him from power. To avoid what could have been a military confrontation in Manila between pro- and anti-Marcos troops, Marcos was advised by US president Ronald Reagan through Senator Paul Laxalt to "cut and cut cleanly". Marcos then fled with his family to Hawaii. He

3536-583: The "Festival of All Festivals", which is also held throughout the whole Negros Oriental province every October since 2002. The majority of activities are held in the Provincial Capitol and Ninoy Aquino Freedom Park with booths and local products either on display or for sale. It is also spread to other venues such as the Sidlakang Negros Village at Barangay Piapi and the city's Rizal Boulevard. Showdowns and street dancing are among

3640-771: The "Liberal Wing" that split from the Nacionalista Party , which eventually became the Liberal Party . He eventually became the Liberal Party's spokesman on economic matters, and was made chairman of the House Neophytes Bloc which included future president Diosdado Macapagal , future Vice President Emmanuel Pelaez and future Manila Mayor Arsenio Lacson . Marcos became chairman of the House Committee on Commerce and Industry and

3744-602: The "most decorated war hero in the Philippines", but many of his claims have been found to be false, with United States Army documents describing his wartime claims as "fraudulent" and "absurd". After World War II, he became a lawyer, and then served in the Philippine House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and the Philippine Senate from 1959 to 1965. He was elected president of the Philippines in 1965 and presided over an economy that grew during

3848-602: The 1962 Senatorial Campaign of being "most decorated war hero of the Philippines" He claimed to have been the recipient of 33 war medals and decorations, including the Distinguished Service Cross and the Medal of Honor , but researchers later found that stories about the wartime exploits of Marcos were mostly propaganda, being inaccurate or untrue. Only two of the supposed 33 awards – the Gold Cross and

3952-527: The 1970s in more college towns. Beginning around 2000 in the United States, nationwide real estate investment trusts (REIT) and publicly traded corporations began developing student housing complexes. Another notable development since the 1990s is the surge in popularity of retirees relocating to college towns. Retirees are attracted to these locations because of cultural and educational opportunities, college athletic events, good medical facilities (often at teaching hospitals affiliated with medical schools ),

4056-584: The Arts and Dumaguete LGU installed Eddie Romero 's centennial bust by sculptor Frederic Caedo. It was unveiled by Mayor Felipe Antonio B. Remollo, Joey Romero and NCCA Deputy Director Marichu Tellano at the Claire Isabel McGill Luce Auditorium. On May 17, 2024, the 1924 Grecian - Ionic Daniel Burnham " Negros Oriental Capitol" building's historical marker for the centennial anniversary - "Jubilee Year" commemoration

4160-508: The Campanario. On May 29, 2024, the National Museum of the Philippines granted P9-M funds for the belfry conservation and restoration of cultural property project. The renovation, reinforcement and retrofitting will be a joint undertaking of the NMP, Diocese of Dumaguete and the local government. The Dumaguete Presidencia , formerly the city hall, was restored to its original design and

4264-684: The Distinguished Service Star – were given during the war, and both had been contested by Marcos's superiors. After the surrender of the Japanese and the end of World War II, the American government became preoccupied with setting up the Marshall Plan to revive the economies of the western hemisphere, and quickly backtracked from its interests in the Philippines, granting the islands independence on July 4, 1946. After

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4368-586: The Dumaguete-Sibulan Airport which included pavement reconstruction, expansion of the terminal building, and expansion of CAAP administrative buildings. An airport to replace Sibulan Airport is being planned to be built in Bacong , a town bordering Dumaguete in the south. Construction is expected to cost ₱ 17 billion. Dumaguete, as a major port city, is a jump-off point for passengers travelling to other Visayas and Mindanao areas. Currently,

4472-723: The Japanese POW camp; his actions between release from prison in August 1942 and return to the USAFIP in December 1944; his supposed rank upon discharge from USAFIP; and his claims to being the recipient of numerous military decorations, most of which were proven to be fraudulent. Documents uncovered by The Washington Post in 1986 suggested Marcos's release in August 1942 was effected because his father, former congressman and provincial governor Mariano Marcos , had "cooperated with

4576-463: The Japanese military authorities" as publicist. After his release, Marcos claimed he had spent much of the period between his August 1942 release and his December 1944 return to USAFIP as the leader of a guerrilla organization called Ang Mga Mahárlika ( Tagalog , "The Freemen") in Northern Luzon . According to Marcos's claim, this force had a strength of 9,000 men. His account of events

4680-634: The Palarong NIR for short-lived Negros Island Region among others. The Don Mariano Perdices Memorial Coliseum hosted the 2010 Central Visayas Regional Athletic Meet and 2013 Palarong Pambansa that was located in Dumaguete. Its capacity was 25,000 people with a rubberized track oval, main lobby, dormitory, and hostel. Beside it is the Olympic-sized swimming pool known as the Lorenzo G. Teves Memorial Aqua Center. The Lamberto Macias Sports Complex

4784-651: The Philippine Senate's exposé of the Jabidah massacre in March 1968, where a Muslim man named Jibin Arula testified that he had been the lone survivor of a group of Moro army recruits which had been executed en-masse on Corregidor island on March 18, 1968. The allegations in the exposé became a major flashpoint which ignited the Moro insurgency in the Philippines . Marcos ran a populist campaign emphasizing that he

4888-409: The Philippines under martial law on September 23, 1972, shortly before the end of his second term. Martial law was ratified in 1973 through a fraudulent referendum . The constitution was revised, media outlets were silenced , and violence and oppression were used against the political opposition, Muslims, suspected communists, and ordinary citizens. After being elected for a third term in

4992-667: The Republic statute books. During his election campaign in the 1965 presidential election , Marcos's life became the basis of the biographical film Iginuhit ng Tadhana (The Ferdinand E. Marcos Story) , which starred Luis Gonzales as Marcos. Marcos's first term began with his inauguration on December 30, 1965, and ended when he was inaugurated for his second term on December 30, 1969. By pursuing an aggressive program of infrastructure development funded by foreign loans, he remained popular for most of his first term, with his popularity flagging only after his debt-driven spending during

5096-486: The Supreme Court. Malcolm had urged his colleagues to acquit the young Laurel because he knew him to be a bright student. Laurel thus reportedly saw in Marcos a mirror of himself and pleaded for his colleagues to acquit. The Supreme Court overturned the lower court's decision on October 22, 1940, acquitting the Marcos family of all charges except contempt. Marcos's military service during World War II has been

5200-508: The absence of a system for payments in lieu of taxes , the university population will disproportionately burden parts of the local public infrastructure, such as roads or law enforcement. Some analysts argue that students relieve the burden on other parts of the local public infrastructure, such as local primary and secondary schools, by far the most costly line item in most North American city and town budgets, by providing tax revenues through local sales tax and property tax paid by landlords. When

5304-635: The activities done in observance of the festival. Dumaguete has four major tertiary hospitals , namely the Holy Child Hospital (HCH), Negros Oriental Provincial Hospital, ACE Dumaguete Doctors Hospital, and the Silliman University Medical Center which is currently associated with St. Luke's Medical Center in Metro Manila. The Dumaguete Health Office is responsible for the implementation and planning of

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5408-534: The administration of Lyndon B. Johnson , Marcos reversed his pre-presidency position of not sending Philippine forces to Vietnam War, and consented to a limited involvement, asking Congress to approve sending a combat engineer unit. Despite opposition to the new plan, the Marcos government gained Congressional approval and Philippine troops were sent from the middle of 1966 as the Philippines Civic Action Group (PHILCAG). PHILCAG reached

5512-632: The arrival of Emilio Aguinaldo from exile, the Negros Revolution suddenly broke out. Negros Occidental Province, which was still ruled by the Spanish authorities, eventually surrendered to the Negrense Revolutionary Forces after a battle on November 6. They then began a week-long march which captured Dumaguete on November 24. By this time, the Spanish forces had left the entirety of Negros . The " Negros Republic "

5616-524: The barangays are classified as urban. The eight poblacions comprise the city's downtown area and are assigned by numbers. The smallest barangay is Poblacion 4 with an area of only 5.11 hectares , while the largest is Banilad with 362.71 hectares. As of the census in 2020, there are 134,103 people and 32,276 households residing in the city. According to the National Statistical Coordination Board , Dumaguete has

5720-423: The beginning of his 20-year rule but would end in the loss of livelihood and extreme poverty for almost half the Philippine population, together with a crushing debt crisis. He pursued an aggressive program of infrastructure development funded by foreign debt , making him popular during his first term, although it triggered an inflationary crisis which led to social unrest in his second term. Marcos placed

5824-540: The belfry on one of the watchtowers of the cathedral, had been used to warn against moro invaders in the 1800 Spanish–Moro conflict . It is one of the oldest heritage landmarks of Dumaguete and Central Visayas. On November 23, 2023, Msgr. Julius Perpetuo Heruela, chair of the Commission on Church Cultural Heritage announced the Important Cultural Property historical marker installation at

5928-492: The book The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos , the opposition Liberal Party would later confirm that many of his war medals were only acquired in 1962 to aid in his reelection campaign for the Senate, not for his presidential campaign. Marcos won the presidency in 1965. Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the 10th president of the Philippines on December 30, 1965, after winning

6032-478: The campaign for his second term triggered an inflationary crisis in November and December 1969, before his second inauguration. Among the major projects of the first term was the construction of the Cultural Center of the Philippines complex , considered one of the earliest examples of what would come to be known as the Marcoses' edifice complex . Soon after being elected, Marcos developed close relations with

6136-500: The capacity of on-campus housing, inadequate zoning enforcement, and/or student culture. Neighborhood associations may work to limit conversion of family homes to student rentals, while some local residents may oppose the construction of large on-campus dormitories or expansion of fraternity and sorority houses, forcing a growing enrollment to seek housing in town. In the US, educational institutions are often exempted from local taxes, so in

6240-444: The case of a company town , the large and transient university population may come into conflict with other townspeople. Students may come from outside the area, and perhaps subscribe to a different—sometimes radically different—culture. Most students are young people, whose living habits may be different from older people. Economically, the high spending power of the university and of its students in aggregate may inflate

6344-539: The city as the "Best Place to Retire in the Philippines for 2018". Dumaguete is also listed fifth in Forbes Magazine 's "7 Best Places to Retire Around the World". Poverty incidence of Dumaguete Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The major sources of income in Dumaguete are tourism, the academe, retail, BPO, technology, and IT firms. There are a significant number of banking institutions including

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6448-527: The city limit, there are jeepneys and buses travelling set routes. Vallacar Transit Corporation operates Ceres buses from a 2-storey terminal building in Barangay Calindagan. Buses from Dumaguete have routes going to Bacolod/ Negros Occidental , Cebu City / Cebu Province , Zamboanga City and Pagadian City via Dipolog / Dapitan of Zamboanga Peninsula , Caticlan (Boracay) and Cubao / Metro Manila using Western Nautical Highway . Dumaguete

6552-472: The city streets with dancing to drumbeats and other instruments participated by different barangays and schools in Dumaguete. The street dancing ends at Quezon Park after which the participants prepare for the grand Pasundayag , a display of dances portraying different stories of the Dumaguete tradition. Another important annual occasion in Dumaguete is the Buglasan Festival, also known locally as

6656-472: The city where short and frequent ferry connections mostly to the Province of Cebu are available. Dumaguete is a port of call for travelers to Manila , Dapitan , and Zamboanga City by a ship serviced by 2GO Travel . The main form of public transport in Dumaguete is the motorized tricycle . The Dumaguete version of the motorized tricycle can fit up to six passengers. For transport to destinations outside

6760-653: The coasts of the South China Sea . He is a Chinese mestizo descendant, just like many other presidents. Marcos studied law at the University of the Philippines (UP) in Manila , attending the College of Law . He excelled in both curricular and extra-curricular activities, becoming a member of the university's swimming, boxing, and wrestling teams. He was also an accomplished orator , debater, and writer for

6864-579: The concept of a university town has developed since the European Middle Ages, equivalents already existed in earlier times and in non-European cultures. For example, in later Classical times the city of Athens – no longer having any political or military power, but renowned as the greatest center of learning in the Roman Empire – had many of the characteristics of a university town, and is sometimes called such by modern scholars. As in

6968-574: The country under martial law from 1972 to 1981 , and with vastly expanded powers under the 1973 Constitution until he was deposed by a nonviolent revolution in 1986. Marcos described his rule 's philosophy as " constitutional authoritarianism " under his Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement). One of the most controversial figures in Filipino history, Marcos's regime was infamous for its corruption, extravagance, and brutality. Marcos gained political success by claiming to have been

7072-470: The elections in 1959 and became the Senate minority floor leader in 1960. He became the executive vice president of the Liberal Party in and served as the party president from 1961 to 1964. From 1963 to 1965, he was the Senate President . Thus far, he is the last Senate President to become President of the Philippines. He introduced a number of significant bills, many of which found their way into

7176-432: The excesses that characterized her and her husband's " conjugal dictatorship ", is the source of the term Imeldific . Two of their children, Imee and Bongbong , are active in Philippine politics, with Bongbong having been elected president in the 2022 presidential election . Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos held the Guinness World Record for the largest-ever theft from a government for decades, although Guinness took

7280-480: The fall of the Philippines , and all of Negros Oriental Province surrendered shortly thereafter. Resistance against the Japanese occupation continued by guerilla groups in the inner mountains, where many native residents had fled to. The local Negrense guerillas attacked the remaining Japanese officials and troops on August 6, 1945, and after their victory, they welcomed combined American and Filipino forces that formally liberated Negros Oriental. The City of Dumaguete

7384-405: The finale, Pyro Musical Competition at the Freedom Park. One of the city's important annual celebrations is the Sandurot Festival, which is held every September to commemorate Dumaguete's history. The celebration starts with the Paghimamat , a re-enactment of how people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds came to Dumaguete, bringing gifts of rich cultures. Pasundalan follows, gracing

7488-542: The four had conspired to assassinate Nalundasan, with Ferdinand Marcos eventually pulling the trigger. In late January 1939, they were finally denied bail. The evidence was strong against the young Marcos, who was a member of the University of the Philippines rifle team and a national rifle champion. Though Marcos's rifle was found in its gun rack in the U.P. ROTC armory, the rifle of team captain Teodoro M. Kalaw Jr.

7592-460: The fragile marine ecosystem was under threat from a proposed 174 ha (430-acre) reclamation project that was met with opposition from youth organizations, church groups, residents, and environmental scientists, including Philippine national scientist Angel Alcala . Later that year, the city government halted the project. Dumaguete is politically subdivided into 30 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Most of

7696-540: The health care programs provided by the city government, which also operates and supervises Health Centers in the barangays of the city. Dumaguete-Sibulan Airport is the city's domestic airport located in the neighboring town of Sibulan in the north. It provides daily flights to and from Manila and Cebu City through Cebu Pacific , Cebgo and PAL Express while Cebgo is servicing both Mindanao important urban centers, thrice weekly flights to Davao City and Cagayan de Oro . In March 2021, upgrade works were made to

7800-495: The highest. Northeast monsoon winds (amihan) bring cooler temperatures with little sometimes moderate rain to the city during late October until early March. Trade winds from the Pacific help moderate the sultry conditions of the dry season during April and May, and usually record less hot daytime conditions than the rest of the country; yet nearby warm seas also cause warm and humid nights during this time. When no major wind system

7904-552: The history of the city is often intertwined with that of the university. Many European university towns have not merely been important places of science and education, but also centres of political, cultural and social influence throughout the centuries. As an example of this, Paris also illustrates the course of educational history with the Sorbonne and the Grande école . Besides a highly educated and largely transient population,

8008-464: The lowest poverty incidence among urban centers in the Visayas. It has an average daylight population of 400,000 people. Dumaguete is the most populous city in Negros Oriental, comprising 9.05% of the province's total population. During the 2019 election , its total voting population was 89,193 voters. The Philippine Retirement Authority, a government agency under the Department of Tourism , has named

8112-469: The majority decision, saw himself in the young Marcos in that he had almost killed a rival during a brawl during his youth, had been convicted by a trial court of frustrated murder, and was acquitted after appealing to the Supreme Court, and saw in Marcos an opportunity to pay forward his debt to society. Dean of the UP College of Law George A. Malcolm was Laurel's professor and an Associate Justice of

8216-553: The nearby Rajahnate of Cebu as the people of Dumaguete adopted the Cebuano language, culture, and customs. After the Spanish colonization of the Philippines , the island of Negros was divided into the provinces of Negros Oriental and Negros Occidental by a royal decree executed by Governor General Valeriano Weyler on January 1, 1890. Dumaguete was also made the capital of the new Negros Oriental Province. In 1898, months after

8320-511: The north of the Port of Dumaguete is also being developed with new hotels, resorts, restaurants, and bars. The boulevard provides views of Dumaguete Bay and the neighboring islands of Cebu and Siquijor . Rizal Boulevard also has a promenade where locals and visitors can relax, dine, and exercise. This area, known locally as Pantawan People's Park, extends from the Port of Dumaguete to the mouth of

8424-604: The officers of the Philippine military, and began expanding the armed forces by allowing loyal generals to stay in their positions past their retirement age, or giving them civilian government posts. He also gained the support of the Johnson administration in the US by allowing the limited Philippine involvement in the Vietnam war through the Philippine Civic Action Group. Marcos's first term also saw

8528-531: The place as Dananguet, but cartographer Pedro Murillo Velarde in 1734 already used the present name of Dumaguete for the settlement. Dumaguete City was once settled by datus from Borneo who exiled themselves into the newly established Kedatuan of Madja-as . They participated in a successful war against Chola -occupied Odtojonan in Borneo (The former homeland) as a constituent kingdom of Madja-as (the re-established nation). Eventually, they allied themselves under

8632-870: The port is equipped with two modern port operations and passenger terminal facilities. It is also the headquarters site of Coast Guard Station Negros Oriental under the Philippine Coast Guard Central Visayas District. As a major point of the Philippine Western Nautical Highway System, there are daily ferry connections to Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor and Mindanao operated by Archipelago Philippine Ferries Corporation (FastCat), Aleson Shipping Lines , Montenegro Lines , Medallion Transport, Ocean Jet Shipping , Seen Sam Shipping Inc., Cokaliong , H S Star Marine Shipping Corp. and other companies. Alternatively, there are smaller ports north of

8736-419: The record down from their website while it underwent periodic review a few weeks before the 2022 election. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos was born on September 11, 1917, in the town of Sarrat, Ilocos Norte , to Mariano Marcos (1897–1945) and Josefa Edralin (1893–1988). Mariano Marcos was a lawyer and congressman from Ilocos Norte , Philippines. He was executed by Filipino guerillas in 1945 for being

8840-579: The southeastern coast of the large island of Negros , near the mouth of the Banica River . Of the province's 19 municipalities and 6 cities, Dumaguete is the smallest in terms of land area. It is bounded on the north by Sibulan , south by Bacong , and west by Valencia . As a coastal city, it is bounded on the east by the Bohol Sea and the Tañon Strait , serving as a natural border of the southeastern border of Negros Oriental. The city's topography

8944-522: The student newspaper. While attending the UP College of Law, he became a member of the Upsilon Sigma Phi , where he met his future colleagues in government and some of his staunchest critics. When he sat for the 1939 Bar Examinations , he was a bar topnotcher (top scorer) with a score of 92.35%. He graduated cum laude and was in the top ten of his class, with future Chief Justice Felix Makasiar becoming their class salutatorian . He

9048-507: The subject of debate and controversy, both in the Philippines and in international military circles. Marcos, who had received ROTC training, was activated for service in the US Armed Forces in the Philippines (USAFIP) after the attack on Pearl Harbor . He served as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941, continuing until April 1942, after which he was taken prisoner. According to Marcos's account, he

9152-545: The time, Dumaguete was one of the first cities in the country to learn about Marcos ' declaration of martial law on September 23, 1972. Local news station DYSR was able to pick up the news from an Australian broadcast. Elsewhere in the country, media outlets such as newspapers and broadcast stations had already been shut down, but DSYR was able to make the announcement before Information Secretary Francisco Tatad did at around noon. DYSR itself would be shut down later that day. Maslog recounts that Silliman University in Dumaguete

9256-694: The town of Sibulan down to Bacong . The new highway is expected to economically benefit the barangays of the city as new centers for economic growth. These growing industries have made Dumaguete the hub for shopping, education, financial, IT, commerce, lifestyle, and sports in the province of Negros Oriental. The real estate industry in the city includes several constructions of condominiums, mixed-use development town centers , and massive horizontal housing projects. Shopping centers such as Filinvest Malls Dumaguete by Filinvest Group, Bayshores Dumaguete, and popular restaurants, bars, and dining strips along Flores Avenue have excellent views of Dumaguete Bay. Filinvest

9360-632: The university—which may be the largest employer in the community—many businesses cater primarily to the university, and the student population may outnumber the local population. In Europe , a university town is generally characterised by having an ancient university . The economy of the city is closely related with the university activity and highly supported by the entire university structure, which may include university hospitals and clinics, printing houses, libraries, laboratories, business incubators, student rooms, dining halls, students' unions, student societies, and academic festivities. Moreover,

9464-526: The war, Marcos was one of only eleven lawyers confirmed by the new government as a special prosecutor with the office of the Solicitor General tasked to try by "process of law and justice" all those accused of collaboration with the Japanese. Eventually, Marcos ran for his father's old post as representative of the 2nd district of Ilocos Norte and won three consecutive terms, serving in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959. Marcos joined

9568-552: Was a bemedalled war hero emerging from World War II. In 1962, Marcos would claim to be the most decorated war hero of the Philippines by garnering almost every medal and decoration that the Filipino and American governments could give to a soldier. Included in his claim of 27 war medals and decorations are that of the Distinguished Service Cross and the Medal of Honor. According to Primitivo Mijares, author of

9672-514: Was announced in Manila dailies. Not much is known about what happened to Ortega and their children after, but Marcos married Imelda Trinidad Romualdez on April 17, 1954, only 11 days after they first met. They had three biological children: Ferdinand , Imee , and Irene Marcos . Marcos's fourth child with Ortega was born after his marriage to Imelda. Marcos and Imelda later adopted a daughter, Aimee . Marcos had an affair with American actress Dovie Beams from 1968 to 1970. According to reports by

9776-548: Was elected to the Pi Gamma Mu and the Phi Kappa Phi international honor societies , the latter giving him its Most Distinguished Member Award 37 years later. Ferdinand Marcos received an honorary Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) ( honoris causa ) degree in 1967 from Central Philippine University . Marcos first gained national notoriety over the murder of Julio Nalundasan . Nalundasan, Mariano Marcos's political rival,

9880-553: Was first baptized and raised into the Philippine Independent Church . He subsequently converted to Roman Catholicism in later life to marry Imelda Trinidad Romualdez . Marcos lived with a common-law wife , Carmen Ortega, an Ilocana mestiza who was 1949 Miss Press Photography. They had three children and resided for about two years at 204 Ortega Street in San Juan . In August 1953, their engagement

9984-504: Was formally created on July 15, 1948, under Philippine Congressional Republic Act No. 327, also known as the "Charter of the City of Dumaguete". This was later amended on June 21, 1969, by Republic Act No. 5797, which clarified and refined the powers and functions of the local government unit in the earlier act. According to journalist Crispin Maslog who was teaching at Silliman University at

10088-661: Was installed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines ' Directress Carminda Arevalo. Governor Manuel "Chaco" L. Sagarbarria signed the marker's Certificate of Transfer in the presence of Imee Marcos , Francis Tolentino , Mark Villar , Risa Hontiveros , Lito Lapid , Jinggoy Estrada , Irish Ambassador William John Carlos and Philippine Tour Operators Association who graced the historic event. Kuh Ledesma , Silliman University Dance Troupe and Orchestra Sin Arco performed with others followed by

10192-538: Was killed with a single rifle shot at his home in Batac on September 21, 1935, the day after he had defeated Marcos a second time for a seat in the National Assembly . In December 1938, Ferdinand Marcos was prosecuted for the murder of Nalundasan. He was not the only accused from the Marcos clan. Also accused were his father, Mariano, and his uncles, Pio Marcos and Quirino Lizardo. According to two witnesses,

10296-556: Was later cast into doubt after a United States military investigation exposed many of his claims as either false or inaccurate. Another controversy arose in 1947, when Marcos began signing communications with the rank of lieutenant colonel, instead of major. This prompted US officials to note that Marcos was only "recognized as a major in the roster of the 14th Infantry USAFIP, NL as of 12 December 1944 to his date of discharge". The biggest controversy arising from Marcos's service during World War II, however, would concern his claims during

10400-609: Was missing at the time and the National Bureau of Investigation had evidence that it was the one used in the murder of Nalundasan. Of all the accused, only Ferdinand Marcos had access to the U.P. armory. Later in the year, Ferdinand and Lizardo were convicted of murder. Ferdinand was sentenced to 10 to 17 years in prison. The Marcos family took their appeal to the Supreme Court of the Philippines . According to Primitivo Mijares , Justice Jose P. Laurel , who penned

10504-427: Was one of the last four universities in the Philippines to be allowed to reopen for classes, with Marcos himself complaining about instances where members of the political opposition such as Senators Jovito Salonga and Juan Liwag were invited to speak at the university. In the mid-1980s, the crony capitalism which characterized the Marcos administration had a major effect on the island of Negros in which Dumaguete

10608-532: Was released from prison by the Japanese on August 4, 1942, and US military records show that he rejoined USAFIP forces in December 1944. Marcos's military service then formally ended with his discharge as a major in the 14th Infantry, US Armed Forces, in the Philippines Northern Luzon, in May 1945. Controversies regarding Marcos's military service revolve around: the reason for his release from

10712-679: Was succeeded as president by Aquino's widow, Corazon "Cory" Aquino . According to source documents provided by the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), the Marcos family stole US$ 5 billion–$ 10 billion from the Central Bank of the Philippines . The PCGG also maintained that the Marcos family enjoyed a decadent lifestyle, taking away billions of dollars from the Philippines between 1965 and 1986. His wife, Imelda Marcos , made infamous in her own right by

10816-628: Was then proclaimed on November 27. The American era saw the allegiance of the Republic of Negros grow towards a collaborationist stance as a Pro-American Protectorate amidst the Philippine-American War . The Americans saw the people of Negros as more dependable allies compared to other Filipinos. Therefore, Dumaguete observed the establishment of Silliman University , the first American-founded university in Asia. Imperial Japanese forces landed at Dumaguete on May 26, 1942, after

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