64-472: Dunedin South is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate . It first existed from 1881 to 1890, and subsequently from 1905 to 1946. In 1996, the electorate was re-established for the introduction of MMP , before being abolished in 2020. The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election . In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In
128-448: A plurality voting system . From 1881, a special country quota meant that rural seats could contain fewer people than urban seats, preserving improportionality by over-representing the rural electoral population (mostly made up by farmers). The country quota inflated the number of the electoral population outside of cities and certain towns by some percentage. The quota was at first 33% (1881–1887), then briefly 18% (1887–1889), and 28% for
192-676: A 15% research and development tax credit. It also made a number of changes to the KiwiSaver scheme. The New Zealand economy entered recession in December 2007. Cullen's final budget was delivered in this context in May 2008; it reduced income tax on the first $ 9,500 earned from 15% to 12.5%, and the company tax rate from 30% to 29%. The day after the defeat of Labour in the 2008 general elections and Helen Clark's resignation as party leader, Cullen announced his resignation as deputy leader of
256-534: A Māori electorate or a general electorate. The percentage of Māori voters opting for the Māori roll determines the percentage of the whole Māori electoral population (of persons claiming Māori ancestry at the previous census) which is then divided by the South Island Quota to calculate the number of Māori electorates. South Island Māori opting for the general roll are included in the electoral population on which
320-465: A Māori voice in Parliament. In 1967 the reserved status of the Māori seats was removed, allowing non-Māori to stand in the Māori electorates, thus removing any guarantee that Māori would be elected to Parliament. Until 1993 the number of Māori electorates was fixed at four, significantly under-representing Māori in Parliament. In 1975 the definition of who could opt to register on either the general or
384-588: A considerably less radical one). Cullen was made Associate Minister of Health , in an attempt reduce the effect of reforms on that sector. In 1989 he married fellow Labour MP Anne Collins . When Labour lost the 1990 election – attributed to public anger at Douglas' reforms, and disarray within the Labour Party – Cullen returned to being Labour's spokesperson on social welfare. The following year he replaced David Caygill as Shadow Minister of Finance, Cullen being seen as more fiscally moderate to help blunt
448-526: A family base in Napier, while also being in Dunedin for electorate business and Wellington for Parliamentary business. After Labour MP Geoff Braybrooke signaled his intention to retire in 1999, Cullen expressed interest in running for Braybrooke's Napier electorate seat, although after Braybrooke reversed his decision Cullen decided to contest the 1999 election as a list only candidate. As Deputy leader Cullen
512-496: A list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes
576-544: A list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,818 Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes
640-470: A major disruption to existing boundaries. As the name suggests, the electorate was based on the southern suburbs of Dunedin . It stretched out westwards to take in towns on the Taieri Plains such as Mosgiel , Green Island and Fairfield . The Otago Peninsula was also in the electorate. The most recent Dunedin South electorate was created in 1996 as one of the original 65 MMP electorates, as
704-467: A merger between St Kilda and a large part of Dunedin West . Until the 2008 election, it was enlarged at every electoral boundary review, but in the 2013 review, its boundaries were kept. Middlemarch was first included in the electorate for the 2008 election; other localities include: The electorate was abolished at the 2019/20 electoral redistribution, with the majority of the electorate being included in
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#1732798836422768-596: A recreated Taieri , although the Otago Peninsula was incorporated into the Dunedin electorate. The electorate was first established for the 1881 election and abolished after three parliamentary terms in 1890, when several Dunedin electorates were amalgamated to form the City of Dunedin electorate . During the nine years of its first existence, the electorate was represented by two MPs, Henry Fish (1881–1884 and 1887–1890) and James Gore (1884–1887). Dunedin South
832-493: Is a geographic constituency used for electing a member ( MP ) to the New Zealand Parliament . The size of electorates is determined such that all electorates have approximately the same electoral population. Before 1996, all MPs were directly chosen for office by the voters of an electorate. In New Zealand's electoral system , 72 of the usually 120 seats in Parliament are filled by electorate members, with
896-465: Is not a more suitable name. The compass point reference usually follows the name of the main population centre, e.g. Hamilton East . Over the years, there have been two types of "special" electorates created for particular communities. The first were special goldminers' electorates , created for participants in the Otago gold rush —goldminers did not usually meet the residency and property requirements in
960-585: The End of Life Choice Bill . Despite his opposition to a capital gains tax during his term as finance minister on grounds that it was "political suicide", as the head of the Tax Working Group appointed by Jacinda Ardern , he recommended one in 2019. Cullen changed his views and saw the tax as necessary to reduce inequality in New Zealand. Cullen was being paid more than $ 1000 a day as chairman of
1024-689: The South Island is to have 16 general electorates, and dividing the number of persons in the South Island's general electoral population by 16 determines the South Island Quota . This quota is then used to calculate the number of Māori electorates and to determine the number of North Island electorates. The number of Māori electorates is influenced by the Māori Electoral Option where Māori voters can opt to be in either
1088-630: The Taieri electorate. The Otago peninsula was transferred to the Dunedin electorate while the new Taieri electorate would include South Dunedin and South Otago , with the latter being transferred from the former Clutha-Southland electorate. Key Independent Liberal–Labour Liberal United Labour National Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested
1152-561: The University of Edinburgh . He was the first person in his family to attend university. From 1971 to 1981 he was a lecturer at the University of Otago , with a term as a visiting fellow at the Australian National University from 1975 to 1976. One of his students was future MP Michael Laws , whom he called a "very bright student, but you knew there was something not quite right, even then." Whilst Cullen
1216-583: The monarchy of New Zealand , describing himself as "a sort of token monarchist in the Cabinet these days". However, in 2010 he repudiated that stance, taking the view that New Zealand should move towards a republic once the Queen's reign ends. Cullen voted in favour of the third reading of the Civil Union Bill 2004, which legalised civil unions in New Zealand . In 2020 he declared his support for
1280-512: The 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Dunedin South, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated
1344-684: The Dunedin South electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs' terms began and ended at general elections. Hayes was elected from the party list in January 2014 following the resignation of Katrina Shanks . Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes
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#17327988364221408-546: The House of Representatives in the 1850s modelled the electoral procedures used for the British House of Commons , which at that time featured both single-member electorates (electorates returning just one MP) and multi-member electorates (electorates returning more than one MP). Each electorate was allocated a different number of MPs (up to three) in order to balance electoral population differences. All electorates used
1472-415: The Labour Party. Phil Goff was elected the new leader and Annette King succeeded him as deputy leader. Goff appointed Cullen as Shadow Leader of the House and Spokesperson for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations. When he resigned from Parliament in 2009 he was replaced as an MP from the party list by Damien O'Connor . Cullen identified as a social democrat . In 2004 Cullen declared his support for
1536-783: The Labour government, telling reporters that New Zealand was starting from a “reasonable position” due to Cullen's budgets “saving up for” a rainy day fund in dealing with the global financial crisis. After the 2002 election , the electoral support for Labour's junior coalition partner (the Progressive Party ) was not sufficient to justify its leader holding the Deputy Prime Minister position, resulting in Michael Cullen replacing Jim Anderton as Deputy Prime Minister . In 2005 Helen Clark appointed Cullen to
1600-433: The Māori roll was expanded to include all persons of Māori descent. Previously all persons of more than 50% Māori ancestry were on the Māori roll while persons of less than 50% Māori ancestry were required to enrol on the then European roll. Only persons presumed to have equal Māori and European ancestry (so-called half-castes) had a choice of roll. Since the introduction of MMP in 1996, the number of seats can change with
1664-495: The North Island experienced higher population growth than the South island. At the 1996 election, there were 44 North Island electorates. By the 2023 election, this had increased to 49 electorates. In October 2024, Statistics New Zealand announced that population changes necessitated reducing the number of North Island general electorates by one, bringing the total number of North Island general electorates to 48. Because of
1728-436: The South Island Quota is established. The North Island electoral population (including Māori opting for the general roll) is divided into electorates, each of approximately the same electoral population as the South Island ones. Electorates may vary by no more than 5% of the average electoral population size. This has caused the number of list seats in Parliament to decline as the population is experiencing "northern drift" (i.e.
1792-882: The Tax Working Group. After leaving parliament, Cullen held a number of public roles, including serving on the Constitutional Advisory Panel, the Tax Working Group and chairing the boards of New Zealand Post and the Earthquake Commission . He was appointed to chair the Bay of Plenty District Health Board after the 2019 local elections. He also joined the board of retirement insurance business Lifetime Income. In March 2020, Cullen stood down from most of his public roles after announcing that he had been diagnosed with stage IV small-cell lung cancer . His memoir, Labour Saving ,
1856-587: The disputes surrounding the Minister of Finance , Roger Douglas , who supported the liberalisation of trade and the sale of state assets plus deep tax cuts . These goals, which were against traditional Labour policies, angered both party members and the public. When the Prime Minister, David Lange , attempted to limit the influence Douglas had on the government's direction, Cullen became involved on Lange's side. After Labour's re-election in 1987 , Cullen
1920-620: The electorate for six parliamentary terms until 1928. In 1919 , Tom Paul nearly won the seat for Labour , losing by only 84 votes. Sidey was succeeded by William Taverner of the United Party in the 1928 election . At the next election in 1931 , the electorate was won by Fred Jones of the Labour Party . Jones held the electorate until 1946, when it was abolished, and successfully stood in St Kilda that year. The electorate
1984-501: The electorate they were prospecting in, but were numerous enough to warrant political representation. Three goldminers' electorates existed, the first began in 1863 and both ended in 1870. Much more durable have been the Māori electorates , created in 1867 to give separate representation to Māori . Although originally intended to be temporary, they came to function as reserved positions for Māori until 1967, ensuring that there would always be
Dunedin South - Misplaced Pages Continue
2048-454: The growth of the newly formed Alliance party (which was made up largely of Labour dissidents). After Labour's narrow defeat at the 1993 election , Helen Clark won the leadership of the party. At the same time Cullen ran to replace her as deputy leader, but was defeated by Caygill by the narrow margin of 23 votes to 21. Before Labour's position in the polls improved, Cullen was also involved in an attempt to oust Clark as party leader, which
2112-535: The increasing North Island population, the Representation Commission awarded the North Island an additional electoral seat beginning in the 2008 general election . Another new North Island seat was added for the 2014 general election , and again for the 2020 general election (with one new electorate in Auckland). Each time, the need for an additional seat was determined from the results of
2176-474: The least I could do was stay there for Helen [Clark] and David [Lange] and make sure we didn't lose social policy to the Rogernomes who were driving so much of the policy." Eventually, Douglas was forced to resign, but a month later the political controversies around the dispute prompted the resignation of Lange himself. Douglas was succeeded as Finance Minister by David Caygill , one of his allies (albeit
2240-608: The map should read "Port Waikato".] Electorates in New Zealand have changed extensively since 1853, typically to meet changing population distributions. Boundaries were last changed in 2019 and 2020 for the 2020 election , with Clutha-Southland , Dunedin North , Dunedin South , Helensville , Hunua , Manukau East , Port Hills and Rodney being abolished and replaced either by new electorates, or by surrounding electoral districts. Michael Cullen (politician) Sir Michael John Cullen KNZM (5 February 1945 – 19 August 2021)
2304-616: The most recent New Zealand census , with the seat coming out of the total number of list seats. The total number of list seats has thus declined from 55 to 48 since the introduction of mixed-member proportional voting in the 1996 general election . The Representation Commission has determined general electorate boundaries since 1881. These days, the Commission consists of: The Representation Commission reviews electorate boundaries after each New Zealand census , which normally occurs every five years. The Electoral Act 1993 stipulates that
2368-531: The nick-name " Pom ", and Cullen attended secondary school on a scholarship at Christ's College in Christchurch . He went on to study history at the University of Canterbury , earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965, and a Master of Arts in 1968. His masters thesis was titled Poverty in London, 1885-95 . Receiving a Commonwealth Scholarship he then gained a PhD in social and economic history from
2432-404: The number of Māori voters who choose to go on the Māori roll rather than the general roll. In 1996, there were five Māori electorates. For the 1999 election, this increased to six electorates. Since the 2002 election, the number of Māori electorates has stayed constant at seven. This table shows the electorates as they were represented during the 54th New Zealand Parliament . [NB "Port Waitako" on
2496-515: The party vote in Dunedin South by 1837 votes. The winning of the party vote was unprecedented in Dunedin South, which was seen, pre 2011, as a Labour Party stronghold. However the predecessor seat of St Kilda was represented by Jim Barnes of the National Party between 1951 and 1957. In the 2014 election , Curran was successful against National's Hamish Walker . In mid April 2020, it was announced that Dunedin South would be reconstituted as
2560-536: The party's Executive and Council between 1976 and 1981. At the 1981 general election he was elected MP for the Dunedin electorate of St Kilda . In 1983 he was appointed Labour's spokesperson for the environment. In his first several years in parliament he had deliberately avoided his previous career focuses (of welfare and finance) to avoid being "pigeonholed" in those areas. When Labour entered government in 1984 , Cullen became Senior Whip . Due to his knowledge of economics, Cullen became increasingly involved in
2624-570: The population of the North Island, especially around Auckland , is growing faster than that of the South Island) due both to internal migration and to immigration. Although the New Zealand Parliament is intended to have 120 members, some terms have exceeded this quantity. Overhang seats arise when a party win more seats via electorates than their proportion of the party vote entitles them to; other parties are still awarded
Dunedin South - Misplaced Pages Continue
2688-506: The post of Attorney-General following the election of Margaret Wilson as Speaker of the House . His appointment became controversial because of his non-legal background (only one other non-lawyer had previously held the post) and because of his previous criticisms of the judiciary, including of the Chief Justice Dame Sian Elias . His term in the position ended following the 2005 general election . However, with
2752-519: The remainder being filled from party lists in order to achieve proportional representation among parties. The 72 electorates are made up from 65 general and seven Māori electorates . The number of electorates increases periodically in line with national population growth; the number was increased from 71 to 72 starting at the 2020 general election . The Electoral Act 1993 refers to electorates as "electoral districts". Electorates are informally referred to as "seats" (Māori: tūru ), but technically
2816-419: The remaining period (1889–1945). For the 1905 election , the multi-member electorates were abolished. The country quota system persisted until 1945. Since the introduction of MMP for the 1996 election, the number of South Island electorates is fixed at 16 as stipulated in the legislation. To achieve electorates of equal electoral population, the number of North Island electorates has gradually increased since
2880-532: The resignation of David Parker in March 2006, Cullen took over the position again. He had a reputation as one of the Labour Party's best parliamentary debaters, and is known for his sometimes " acerbic " sense of humour. Cullen presented his seventh budget in 2006. Cullen's guiding principle was, he stated, "The fool who spends on the upturn will find himself broke on the downturn". Labour's eighth budget in 2007 reduced company tax from 33% to 30% and introduced
2944-535: The role in 2016. On 6 March 2020 he announced that he had resigned from the Lakes and Bay of Plenty district health boards , respectively. At the same time he also announced that he had been diagnosed with stage 4 small-cell lung cancer , which had also spread to his liver. Cullen was born in Enfield in north London on 5 February 1945, the son of Ivy May Cullen (née Taylor) and John Joseph Thomas Cullen. His father
3008-454: The same number of seats that they are entitled to, which results in more than 120 seats in total. In 2005 and 2011 , 121 members were elected; 122 members were elected in 2008 . The Representation Commission determines the names of each electorate following the most recent census. An electorate may be named after a geographic region, landmark (e.g. a mountain) or main population area . The Commission adopts compass point names when there
3072-488: The term seat refers to an elected member's place in Parliament. The electoral boundaries for the inaugural 1853 general election were drawn up by the governor , George Grey , with the authority for this coming from the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 . After the initial election, there were eight redivisions carried out by members of the general assembly (as the lower house was known at
3136-429: The time). These revisions were a mixture of minor and major boundary adjustments. In 1887, the responsibility for reshaping electorates was given to a Representation Commission and that arrangement has remained to this day. Up until 1981, the boundaries of the Māori electorates were determined by the governor or governor-general, when that responsibility was also transferred to the Representation Commission. Elections for
3200-480: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by
3264-480: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by
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#17327988364223328-420: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Table footnotes: New Zealand electorates An electorate or electoral district ( Māori : rohe pōti )
3392-626: Was named by the Speaker Doug Kidd for saying that the National Member Max Bradford had lied, and that he was a "stooge" of the Employers Federation . Prior to the 1999 New Zealand general election , Cullen and his family moved to Napier , prompting him to stand down as Labour's candidate in his Dunedin South electorate at the upcoming election as it would have been to difficult to have
3456-544: Was a New Zealand politician. He served as the 16th deputy prime minister of New Zealand , also as the minister of Finance , minister of Tertiary Education, and attorney-general . He was the deputy leader of the Labour Party from 1996 until November 2008, when he resigned following a defeat in the general election . He resigned from Parliament in April 2009, to become the deputy chairman of New Zealand Post from 1 November 2009 and chairman from 1 November 2010 until leaving
3520-545: Was a spectacle frame maker and his mother was a secretary. He attended West Green and later North Harringay schools (both in Harringay ) the latter of which was close to his maternal grandparents house. When his paternal grandmother died in 1953 his family received a modest inheritance and considered moving to a better house elsewhere in London before instead deciding to move to New Zealand. The family emigrated from Tottenham to New Zealand in 1955, where friends gave him
3584-405: Was chosen instead. Curran has represented the electorate since the 2008 election . The city of Dunedin is a New Zealand Labour Party stronghold; The last National MP elected from a Dunedin constituency was Richard Walls in 1975 . However, in 2011, National Party candidate, Jo Hayes , reduced the incumbent, Clare Curran's majority from 6449 in 2008 to 4175, and National gained a plurality of
3648-469: Was guaranteed the number 2 placing on Labour's list and Labour's electoral victory in 1999 resulted in Cullen easily being returned to Parliament as a List MP and becoming Minister of Finance . As Minister of Finance, Cullen delivered nine consecutive budget surpluses, the longest unbroken run by any finance minister since the 1940s. After the government's defeat in 2008, his successor Bill English praised
3712-427: Was made Associate Minister of Finance (an attempt by Lange to provide an anti-reform counterbalance to the radical Douglas) and Minister of Social Welfare . There were two other associate finance ministers ( David Butcher and Peter Neilson ) both of whom were on side with Douglas' reforms so Cullen's ability to temper financial policies were minimal. Of the three he was the more senior and deputised for Douglas when he
3776-408: Was not successful. Soon after, when Caygill decided to retire from politics in 1996, Cullen took the deputy leader's post unopposed as well. Cullen has claimed to be happy with his position as second, saying that in terms of personality, he is "a number two sort of person". Many commentators agree, believing that Cullen's strength lies more in administration than leadership. On 26 August 1999, Cullen
3840-593: Was published in June 2021. He died of the illness in Whakatāne on 19 August 2021, aged 76. In 1990, Cullen was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal . On 16 December 2009, he received an honorary LLD from the University of Otago in recognition of "his contributions as an Otago academic and as a respected and highly influential politician". In the 2012 Queen's Birthday and Diamond Jubilee Honours , Cullen
3904-617: Was re-established after the abolition of the City of Dunedin electorate for the 1905 election . The first representative was James Arnold , who was an independent liberal and who served until the end of the parliamentary term in 1908, when he successfully contested Dunedin Central . Thomas Sidey of the Liberal Party who had since a Caversham by election represented Caversham won the 1908 election for Dunedin South. He represented
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#17327988364223968-415: Was re-established for the 1996 election and won by Michael Cullen , who later became Finance minister. Cullen had previously represented St Kilda (1981–1996). At the next election in 1999 , Cullen stood as a list candidate only and was succeeded by David Benson-Pope as the electorate MP. After three parliamentary terms, Benson-Pope was not selected by the Labour Party as their candidate, but Clare Curran
4032-465: Was researching his thesis on poverty in the late 19th century in London he discovered that the street in which his maternal grandparents grew up was famed for semi-criminal activities. They proceeded to become "working class respectables" and then his father became a semi-skilled tradesman. Cullen became a naturalised New Zealand citizen in 1975. Cullen joined the Labour Party in 1974, and served on
4096-579: Was unable to attend parliamentary sessions. He implemented the Puao-te-Ata-tu report which reorganised the administration of welfare provisions in relation to Māori and passed the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act. Soon after Cullen had been elevated to Cabinet, his father died following a long and painful illness, his marriage ended, and his dog died prompting him to ponder resigning; "I seriously considered quitting from Cabinet, but
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