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14-554: Durga Vahini ( ISO : Durgā Vāhinī ) ('Battalion of Durga ') is the women's wing of the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP). It was established in 1991 and its founding chairperson is Sadhvi Rithambara . The Vishva Hindu Parishad states the purpose of the Durga Vahini is to empower women, encourage more women to participate in spiritual and cultural activities. Kalpana Vyash, a senior leader of the organization, said that

28-532: A procession of Hindu men through the Muslim quarters of Bijor shouting provocative slogans which started violence. On 16 March 2002, Durga Vahini activists wielding tridents and sporting saffron headbands arrived at the Orissa Assembly along with VHP and Bajrang Dal members. The Durga Vahini was alleged to have participated in the 2002 Gujarat violence . Durga Vahini has denied such allegations. Regarding

42-615: Is a US standard. The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is not a standard (as no specification exists for it) but a convention developed in Europe for the transliteration of Sanskrit rather than the transcription of Brahmic scripts. As a notable difference, both international standards, ISO 15919 and UNRSGN transliterate anusvara as ṁ , while ALA-LC and IAST use ṃ for it. However, ISO 15919 provides guidance towards disambiguating between various anusvara situations (such as labial versus dental nasalizations), which

56-659: Is described in the table below. The table below shows the differences between ISO 15919, UNRSGN and IAST for Devanagari transliteration. Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to this standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ. There

70-405: Is no standard keyboard layout for ISO 15919 input but many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . ALA-LC romanization ALA-LC ( American Library Association  – Library of Congress ) is a set of standards for romanization , the representation of text in other writing systems using

84-866: The Latin script . The system is used to represent bibliographic information by North American libraries and the British Library (for acquisitions since 1975) and in publications throughout the English-speaking world. The Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules require catalogers to romanize access points from their non-Roman originals. However, as the MARC standards have been expanded to allow records containing Unicode characters, many cataloguers now include bibliographic data in both Roman and original scripts. The emerging Resource Description and Access continues many of AACR's recommendations but refers to

98-405: The Durga Vahini members dedicate themselves "to physical, mental and intellectual development". The aim of the organization is to establish Hindu solidarity by helping Hindu families during the time of hardship and by providing social services. According to Vyash, the total membership of the group is 8,000 as of 2002, and 1,000 members are from Ahmedabad . The Durga Vahini is often considered to be

112-541: The Durga Vahini's role in the riots, VHP spokesman Kaushikbahi Mehta said, "We in the VHP had nothing to do with the violence except to take care of widows and victims of the Godhra mayhem . So was the case with the Durga Vahini". But many people claimed that white-churidar clad girls were involved in the violence. A senior police official said, "They were found providing healing touch to the male activists, information back-up and if

126-511: The camp. ISO 15919 ISO 15919 is an international standard on the romanization of many Brahmic scripts , which was agreed upon in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries. However, the Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India " and a United Nations expert group noted about ISO 15919 that "there is no evidence of

140-520: The ethnic cleansing theory is true, I have a feeling they played a significant role in intelligence network as well. While it will be very difficult to prove their direct involvement, women Sanghis had definitely scrutinised voters’ list or the traders’ licence papers to screen the minorities with an innocuous intention". Six members of the Durga Vahini were arrested in Gwalior in March 2004 for blackening

154-572: The face of Neetu Sapra, director of the play Kal Aaj Aur Kal . The Vishva Hindu Parishad and the Bajrang Dal claimed the play depicted Rama , Sita , Lakshmana and Hanuman in "indecent" way. The activists also damaged the furnitures in Sapra's home. In July 2017, Durga Vahini organized a training camp for self-defence in Jammu & Kashmir, girls from 17 border towns of the state participated in

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168-517: The female face of the Bajrang Dal . The organization is described as a right-wing religious fundamentalist group. The Durga Vahini recruits young women for activism of a militant nature. It targets women from underprivileged caste backgrounds and poorer families, but retains a corps of members whose families have a lengthy history of involvement with the group. Members learn karate and lathi khela , and receive ideological education. Analyzing

182-561: The role of women in the Hindu nationalist movement, scholar Thomas Blom Hansen writes that the RSS is more willing to expose women of lower-caste backgrounds to physical danger, and believes that the Durga Vahini is likely to become popular among lower-caste women because they desire to emulate upper-caste values. In the Bijnor riot in 1990, activists belonging to the Durga Vahini allegedly organized

196-664: The use of the system either in India or in international cartographic products." Another standard, United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names (UNRSGN), was developed by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) and covers many Brahmic scripts. The ALA-LC romanization was approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association and

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