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56-543: The district is the administrative centre of the kingdom, as both the National Assembly and Dusit Palace are in the district, as are several ministries . It is connected to Rattanakosin Island by Ratchadamnoen Avenue (literally, 'royal way for travelling'). Neighbouring districts are, clockwise from north, Bang Sue , Phaya Thai , Ratchathewi , Pathum Wan , Pom Prap Sattru Phai , Phra Nakhon , and across

112-1050: A Bréguet biplane. The aviation section put on a demonstration in January 1914, gaining the support of the King and a permanent aviation group was established and an air base at Don Muang was assigned, as the Royal Aeronautical Service , under Army control. Siam entered World War I with the Allies in July 1917, and a Siamese Expeditionary Force of around 1,200 men was sent to France, arriving in June 1918. Among them were 370 pilots and groundcrew , including more than 100 officers who were sent to flight school first at Istres and Avord, and then at Istres , Le Crotoy , La Chapelle-la-Reine , Biscarosse and Piox. Eventually, The 95 pilots who qualified as military aviators flew

168-587: A "joint-sitting" of both houses under several circumstances. These include the appointment of a regent; any alteration to the 1924 Palace Law of Succession ; the opening of the first session; the announcement of policies by the Cabinet of Thailand ; approval of a declaration of war ; the hearing of explanations and approval of a treaty ; and the amendment of the constitution. Members of the National Assembly enjoy parliamentary privileges , enshrined in

224-409: A ceasefire was arranged in January 1941. Later that year, on 7 December, Thailand was invaded by Japan. The RTAF took an active role in the resistance. Combat Wings 1 and 5 engaged significantly more advanced Japanese aircraft over Thailand's eastern border, but suffered heavy losses, including almost 30 percent of Wing 5, before a cease-fire took effect the following day. The Air Force is commanded by

280-507: A citizen for 5 years), must be over 18 years old before the year the election is held, and must have registered 90 days before the election. Those barred from voting in House elections are: members of the sangha or clergy , those suspended from the privilege for various reasons, detainees under legal or court orders, and those who are of unsound mind or of mental infirmity. Voting in Thailand

336-653: A few operational sorties in the closing weeks of the war but suffered no casualties, nor scored any kills. Their training did mean that Siam entered the post-World War I period with one of the best equipped and trained air forces in Asia. In the 1930s the Royal Aeronautical Service began to replace French aircraft with American designs, purchasing more than 95 aircraft, including the Boeing P-12 E, Curtiss Hawks , and Vought Corsairs . The air force

392-421: A flight. Chakrabongse sent three army officers to France, who began flight training at Vélizy-Villacoublay in July 1912. The officers became qualified aviators a year later. Soon after, Sra Pathum airfield was established along with a temporary hangar to house planes and also host flight training. In late 1913, the three new aviators returned home after arranging for the purchase of four Nieuport monoplanes and

448-645: A general debate and committee members. From 28 June 1932 to 1974, the legislature met in the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall . After the first elections to the National Assembly in 1933, King Prajadhipok gave the Throne Hall for the legislature's use. However, through the years the composition of the Assembly increased and the Throne Hall became too small to accommodate all the legislators and its secretariat. Three attempts were made to build

504-528: A new and grander Parliament House. As of December 2008, a site belonging to the Royal Thai Army was identified as the site of a new complex, but no further action has been taken. In 2013, the National Assembly confirmed that it would be moved to the new Parliament House, Sappaya-Sapasathan . Prior to 1932, the Kingdom of Siam did not possess a legislature, as all legislative powers were vested in

560-437: A new building. Each failed because the government in power was terminated before a budget could be appropriated. The fourth time, however, was a success, with the help of King Bhumibol Adulyadej who appropriated to the National Assembly royal land immediately north of the Throne Hall for the site of the new Parliament House. Construction began on 5 November 1970, with a budget of 51,027,360 baht. The new Parliament House complex

616-445: A new constitution was promulgated in 1946 under the government of Pridi Panomyong . The constitution is considered Thailand's most democratic and created for the first time a bicameral legislature: a Senate and a House of Representatives. Also for the first and last time, the constitution called for a fully elected Senate (albeit indirectly) and House. The Senate to a six-year term and the House to four years. The ban on political parties

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672-496: A number of modern bases which were constructed between 1954 and 1968, have permanent buildings and ground support equipment. All but one were built and used by United States forces until their withdrawal from Thailand in 1976 when the RTAF took over the installations at Takhli and Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat) . In the late 1980s, these bases and Don Muang Air Base outside Bangkok , which the air force shares with civil aviation, remain

728-518: Is compulsory . The President of the National Assembly of Thailand is an ex officio position occupied by the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Thailand , who upon election as Speaker of the House, will automatically assume office as President of the National Assembly. The Vice President of the National Assembly of Thailand is also an ex officio position occupied by the President of

784-517: Is 19.4%, below the Asian average is 20 percent, and the global average for female parliamentarians of 24 percent. All fall short of the 30 percent considered satisfactory by United Nations Women. The upper house is called the Senate of Thailand . The chamber is non-partisan and has limited legislative powers. The Senate is composed of 250 appointed members appointed by the Royal Thai Army . A term in

840-413: Is arrested in flagrante delicto . The two houses also retain the privilege to decide its own rules and procedures, committees, quorum of committees, sittings, the submission and consideration of organic law bills and bills, the submission of motions, the consultation, debates, the passing of a resolution, the recording and disclosure of the passing of a resolution, the interpellation, the initiation of

896-442: Is composed of three buildings: Parliament House was first used on 19 September 1974. The Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall became a national historic building and was returned to the king as part of Dusit Palace . From then on Parliament House became the primary building used for the National Assembly. Only the state opening ceremony is now held in the Throne Hall. On 29 July 2008, the National Assembly appropriated new funds to construct

952-436: Is for the party the voter prefers. The second category is then added and the results divided into eight electoral areas. The other 400 seats are directly elected on a constituency basis. The House's term is four years, however, a dissolution can happen at any time. Elections in Thailand are held under universal suffrage ; however, some restrictions apply: The voter must be a national of Thailand (if not by birth then by being

1008-821: Is the Royal Plaza . At the middle of the plaza is the equestrian statue of King Chulalongkorn . Various events are held in Suan Amporn Park and Royal Plaza. Yearly events include commencements of many universities in Bangkok, and the Red Cross Fair which takes place for nine days from the end of March to the first week of April. Important government buildings such as the Government House and Phitsanulok Mansion are also in Dusit. Wasukri Pier

1064-632: Is the air force of the Kingdom of Thailand . Since its establishment in 1913 as one of the earliest air forces of Asia, the Royal Thai Air Force has engaged in numerous major and minor conflicts. During the Vietnam War era, the RTAF was supplied with USAF -aid equipment. Belgian pilot Charles Van Den Born performed a flying demonstration over Bangkok in January 1911, greatly impressing Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath , brother of King Vajiravudh , and he even accepted an invitation for

1120-521: Is the bicameral legislative branch of the government of Thailand . It convenes in the Sappaya-Sapasathan , Dusit District , Bangkok . The National Assembly was established in 1932 after the adoption of Thailand's first constitution , which transformed Thailand from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy . During the 2013 political crisis , the House of Representatives

1176-806: Is the main air force ground forces and special forces which providing light infantry for anti-hijacking capabilities, protecting air bases and high value assets, protecting international airport in insurgent areas. It also serves as the Royal Thai Air Force Special Operations Regiment (RTAF SOR) which consists of various units such as Combat Control Team (CCT), Pararescue Jumpers (PJs), Tactical Air Control Party (TACP). Royal Thai Air Force Security Force Command consist of 3 main regiments and multiple support units. Additionally, one separated air base protection battalions and one separated anti-aircraft battalions are station in each air bases. The Royal Thai Air Force maintains

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1232-660: Is the pier to board and store royal barges , which sail in Thailand's Royal Barge Procession . Near the pier is the National Library of Thailand . Additionally, it is also home to several military camps: 1st Cavalry Regiment, King's Guard; 4th Cavalry Division, King's Guard; 1st Field Artillery Battalion, King's Guard; Air Defense Artillery Division; Department of Army Transportation; Army Ordnance Department; Army Ordnance Learning Center; Command And General Staff College; and some parts of Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) such as

1288-439: The 2007 Constitution of Thailand . Thailand's "proportional representation" is, in fact, parallel voting , often described as "mixed member majoritarian" (MMM). This is where the 100 seats are apportioned to political parties in accordance with the " proportional representation " popular vote each party receives. Every eligible voter in Thailand in a general election has two votes. The first is for constituency MP . The second vote

1344-607: The Chao Phraya River , Bang Phlat . The district was established by King Chulalongkorn , who wanted to escape the confines of Rattanakosin Island . The king began with the construction of a new palace compound called the Dusit Palace in 1890s, slowly adding many new residences and mansions into its grounds. This included the Vimanmek Mansion which was constructed in 1900 completely out of teak , and

1400-591: The Commander of the Royal Thai Air Force (ผู้บัญชาการทหารอากาศไทย). The Royal Thai Air Force Headquarters is located in Don Muang Airbase, Bangkok , Thailand . The RTAF consists of headquarters and five groups: command, combat, support, education and training, and special services. The Royal Thai Air Force Combat Group is divided into 11 wings plus a training school, plus a few direct-reporting units. The following squadrons are currently active with

1456-1044: The Constitutional Court of Thailand ; members of the Election Commission ; members of the National Anti-Corruption Commission and the National Human Rights Commission . However, the power to appoint members of the State Audit Commission (including the Auditor General) belongs to the monarch, with a counter signature of the President of the Senate. The National Assembly has the power to impeach and remove these officers. The prime minister can only be removed by

1512-1770: The SRT is on the border of Dusit and Ratchathewi Districts. The Sam Sen Railway Station of the SRT is on the border of Dusit and Phaya Thai Districts. Dusit District Chao Phraya Express Boat piers are Thewet Pier, Payap Pier, Irrigation Dept. Pier, Kheaw Khai Ka Pier, and Kiak Kai Pier. The district is divided into five sub-districts ( khwaeng ): National Assembly of Thailand Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) Dipangkorn Rasmijoti Paetongtarn Shinawatra ( PTP ) Phumtham Wechayachai ( PTP ) Suriya Juangroongruangkit ( PTP ) Anutin Charnvirakul ( BTP ) Pirapan Salirathavibhaga ( UTN ) Pichai Chunhavajira ( PTP ) Prasert Jantararuangtong ( PTP ) Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Mongkol Surasajja [REDACTED] Wan Muhamad Noor Matha ( PCC ) Pichet Chuamuangphan ( PTP ) Paradorn Prissanananthakul ( BTP ) Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut ( PP ) [REDACTED] Mongkol Surasajja Kriangkrai Srirak Bunsong Noisophon President: Chanakarn Theeravechpolkul President: Prasitsak Meelarp President: Nakarin Mektrairat Diplomatic missions of / in Thailand Passport Visa requirements Visa policy Borders : Cambodia Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Maritime : India Indonesia Vietnam) Foreign aid The National Assembly of Thailand ( Abrv: NAT; Thai : รัฐสภา , RTGS :  Ratthasapha , pronounced [rát.tʰā.sā.pʰāː] )

1568-519: The Sanam Luang to the Grand Palace. The Chitralada Royal Villa was built by King Vajiravudh (Rama VI), and was a residence of King Bhumibol Adulyadej . The large park around the palace was used by the king for agricultural research. Important buildings in the district include Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall , which was another former residence of King Chulalongkorn, and was later used as

1624-578: The monarch in person by reading a Speech from the Throne . This ceremony is held in the Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall . The monarch may also appoint a representative to carry out this duty. It is also the duty of the monarch to prorogue sessions through a royal decree when the House term expires. The monarch also has the prerogative to call extraordinary sessions and prolong sessions at his discretion. The National Assembly may host

1680-431: The 150 years of absolute rule of the House of Chakri was ended. In its stead the group advocated a constitutional monarchy with an elected legislature. The "Draft Constitution" of 1932 signed by King Prajadhipok , created Thailand's first legislature, a People's Assembly with 70 appointed members. The Assembly met for the first time on 28 June 1932, in the Ananda Samakhom Throne Hall . The Khana Ratsadon decided that

1736-565: The Air Force has envisioned and identified weaknesses in procurement software , which include limitations regarding copyright usage, maintenance, envisioning obstacles, and expanding usage to cover and cater to the needs of the Air Force. Consequently, there has been an initiation to ethically software development , independently, for the first time. This encompasses care from artificial intelligence systems, Big Data , Avionics software , strategic planning software , and support technology for

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1792-460: The Cabinet must state its policies to the National Assembly. The National Assembly has the authority to call any minister to appear before it at any time to explain policies or answer questions. This power of scrutiny is important as some members of the Cabinet need not be members of the National Assembly. If they are a member, they can only be from the lower house or the House of Representatives, as

1848-488: The Cabinet. In reverse the Cabinet also has some powers over the National Assembly. The Cabinet can, according to the constitution, call an emergency session of the National Assembly at any time. Apart from its legislative and oversight functions, the National Assembly has the power of appointment and removal. The house is given exclusive right to elect the Prime Minister of Thailand. First the candidate must receive

1904-630: The Directorate of Aeronautical Engineering. And on that account, politically, Dusit has been known as the "Military Zone". Since 1932 the National Assembly has been situation somewhere within the district. From 1932 to 1974 the legislature met at the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall. From 1974 the legislature moved to a purposefully built Parliament House (next to the Dusit Palace complex) and met there until 2018. Then it

1960-562: The Royal Thai Air Force. First set up in 1913 in the same year as the Air Force, providing nursing services only, and over the years has gradually expanded. It operates Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital and Royal Thai Air Force Hospital in Bangkok, as well as smaller hospitals at each wing. The directorate has made a teaching agreement with the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University to train students at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, accepting about 30 students per academic year. The Chief of

2016-540: The Senate is five years. It forbids members from holding any additional office or membership in political parties . Even though the chamber is mandated to be nonpartisan, many media and analysts have categorized legislators into political factions: Note: All of these numbers may not be 100% accurate. The lower house is called the House of Representatives of Thailand . The chamber is made up of 400 members from single constituency elections and 100 members from "proportional representation" by party lists, as codified in

2072-505: The Senate of Thailand . The powers of the National Assembly are enshrined in Chapter 6, Part 7 of the 2007 Constitution of Thailand . The main powers of the National Assembly are its legislative powers. The procedure for an enactment of a bill is as follows: The Government of Thailand , particularly the Cabinet of Thailand is answerable directly to the National Assembly. The constitution mandates that within 15 days of being sworn in,

2128-442: The constitution expressly forbids members of the Senate from being members of the Cabinet. As the prime minister is selected from the ranks of the House of Representatives and elected by the house, the prime minister is therefore directly responsible to the legislature. The National Assembly can compel him to appear before it like any other minister, and force him to explain policies and answer questions, just like any other member of

2184-458: The constitution, the Senate is elected to a five-year term, while the House is elected to a four-year term. Overall, the term of the National Assembly is based on that of the House. The National Assembly each year will sit in two sessions: an "ordinary" session and a "legislative" session. The first session of the National Assembly must take place within 30 days of a general election of the House of Representatives. The first session must be opened by

2240-423: The constitution. These include the "words expressed in giving statements of fact or opinions or in casting the vote" in a joint session of the National Assembly; no member of the House of Representatives or Senate shall, during a session, be arrested, detained, or summoned by a warrant for an inquiry as the suspect in a criminal case unless permission of the house of which he or she is a member is obtained or he or she

2296-641: The expansion of Bangkok outside its city walls and the traditional confines of the Rattanakosin area. The palace expanded Bangkok northwards, while the avenue accommodated further growth. The avenue extended from the palace, starting in front of the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall and the Royal Plaza southwards along the Makawan Rangsant and Phanfah Lielas Bridges then westward across the Phanbipob Liela Bridge, then south again long

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2352-616: The first parliament building. It was built 1907–1915 by the Italian architects, Annibale Rigotti and Mario Tamagno . Next to the throne hall is the Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall , the official residence of the current monarch King Vajiralongkorn . Next to the building is Suan Amporn Park , and across the street Dusit Zoo , the first zoo in Thailand (moved to Pathum Thani since the end of September 2018). The vast space in front of Ananta Samakom Throne Hall

2408-487: The future, leading to the ISO 29110 software development standard . This initiative has also propelled the consideration to establish a comprehensive software-focused unit within the Air Force. The RTAF Security Force Command (Thai: หน่วยบัญชาการอากาศโยธิน) is a Division size unit in the Royal Thai Air Force. It has been in existence since 1937. They are based near Don Mueang International Airport. The RTAF Security Force Command

2464-452: The house in a vote of no confidence . Members of the Cabinet are not appointed by the National Assembly, but they can be removed by the National Assembly in a similar process. This time the vote of no confidence is allowed by both or individual houses. Judges and independent government officers can also be removed by both houses of the National Assembly. The two houses of the National Assembly have different terms of office. In accordance with

2520-437: The lower house). Others include all 250 members of the Senate being appointed by the military . The majority of elections in Thailand follow the first-past-the-post system which is used in the elections for the 400 members of the House of Representatives. The remaining 100 members of the House are elected by party list proportional representation . Thailand's parliament is overwhelmingly male, at 80.6%. Representation by women

2576-590: The people were not yet ready for an elected assembly, then later changed their minds. By the time the "permanent" constitution came into force in December of that year, elections were scheduled for 15 November 1933. The new constitution changed the composition of the Assembly to 78 directly elected and 78 appointed (by the Khana Ratsadon), together totalling 156 members. After the Second World War

2632-606: The person of the monarch . This had been the case since the foundation of the Sukhothai Kingdom in the 12th century, as the king was seen as a "Dharmaraja" or "king who rules in accordance with Dharma " (the Buddhist law of righteousness). However, on 24 June 1932 a group of civilians and military officers, calling themselves the Khana Ratsadon (or People's Party) carried out a bloodless revolution , in which

2688-780: The primary operational installations. Maintenance of base facilities abandoned by the United States (Ubon, Udorn) proved costly and exceeded Thai needs; they were turned over to the Department of Civil Aviation for civil use. Nonetheless, all runways were still available for training and emergency use. By 2004 the Royal Thai Air Force had its main base at Don Muang airport, adjacent to Don Mueang International Airport . The RTAF also had large air fields and facilities at Nakon Ratchasima Ubon Ratchathani , and Takhli . RTAF budgets are shown below by fiscal year (FY): The Siam Cup BJJ ( Brazilian jiu-jitsu ) International tournament

2744-406: The support of one-fifth of all members. Afterwards, a simple majority vote will confirm his appointment which will be made officially by the monarch. The royal assent is then countersigned by the President of the National Assembly. The Senate is given exclusive powers to advise on the appointment of members of the judiciary and members of independent government organizations. These include judges of

2800-545: Was built for the queen, consorts, princes and princesses, but is now home to Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University . The most famous Buddhist temple of the district is Wat Benchamabophit , built by Prince Naris as the royal temple of King Chulalongkorn. The Bang Sue MRT Station of the MRT is a short distance outside Dusit District at its extreme northeast corner, in Bang Sue District. The Yommarat Railway Halt of

2856-463: Was dissolved by Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra who called for election on 2 February 2014 until it was nullified by the Constitutional Court . After the 2014 coup d'état , the National Assembly was replaced by the military-backed, unicameral National Legislative Assembly according to the 2014 constitution . After the promulgation of the 2017 Constitution in April 2017, the National Assembly

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2912-756: Was formally separated into its own branch, the Royal Siamese Air Force , in April 1937 and five operational wings were established. In 1939, when Siam became Thailand, the service was renamed the Royal Thai Air Force . At the end of 1940, the RTAF once again saw combat, this time in the Franco-Thai War , a border conflict against French Indochina . The RTAF operated in the Mekong Delta , attacking ground forces and gunboats and defending against French bombing raids, until

2968-461: Was lifted and the first full elections were held in 1946. However, in 1947 a coup d'état by the military abrogated the constitution and replaced it with the 1947 "temporary" and then a "permanent" charter in 1949. The new constitution retained the House but created a 100-member Senate directly appointed by the king . Royal Thai Air Force The Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) ( Thai : กองทัพอากาศไทย ; RTGS :  Kong Thap Akat Thai )

3024-512: Was moved again to a new building named the Sappaya-Sapasathan in the Kiakkai neighbourhood in the north of the district. Several other palaces have been converted into facilities for other purposes. Chan Kasem Palace was initially built for the crown prince by King Rama V , but was never used by King Rama VI and later became the office of the Ministry of Education . Suan Sunandha Palace

3080-409: Was reestablished but the constitution allowed the military National Legislative Assembly to temporarily remain in place until the National Assembly was formed following the 2019 general election . The Assembly is a bicameral legislature composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives. Combined, the Assembly has 750 members, 500 of which were elected directly through a general election (500 MPs in

3136-454: Was used as a royal palace for a short time, but was abandoned in 1908. Reconstructed in 1992, it was a major tourist attraction until its closure in 2018. The Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall was completed in 1906, and became the main residential palace of the king. The pathway connecting the Grand Palace to Dusit Palace eventually became Ratchadamnoen Avenue . The construction of both Dusit Palace and Ratchadamnoen Avenue allowed and encouraged

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