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25-491: The Hungarian name Székelyderzs was first mentioned as "De ers" in a papal list of tithes taken in 1334. In 1525, it was recorded as Ders , while in 1760, it was already mentioned by its modern Hungarian name of Székely Derzs . The name Derzs is thought to be from the Old Bulgar . At the 2011 census , the commune had a population of 1,036, of which 91.51% were Hungarians , 5.69% Roma , and 1.35% Romanians ; 60.62% of

50-824: A brief Soviet occupation, the Romanian administration returned in March 1945. Between 1952 and 1960, the commune fell within the Magyar Autonomous Region , between 1960 and 1968 the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region. In 1968, the region was abolished, and since then, the commune has been part of Harghita County. Between 80,000 and 100,000 Unitarians live in the geographical region of Transylvania, mostly between Sighișoara and Odorheiu Secuiesc , more or less around Dârjiu. Further east, Hungarians are Roman Catholics with Calvinist enclaves, e.g., in

75-585: A result of Ottoman Turkish linguistic influence. Indeed, other Bulgarian historians, especially older ones, only point out certain signs of Iranian influence in the Turkic base or indeed support the Turkic theory. The language of the Danube Bulgars (or Danubian Bulgar ) is recorded in a small number of inscriptions, which are found in Pliska , the first capital of First Bulgarian Empire , and in

100-553: A variety of different lands, neighbors, cultures, and languages, including China and Rome . Linguistic individuation of the Hunno-Bulgaric language family has yet to be conclusively established. A Hunno-Bulgar language is believed to have formed on the North-Western borders of China in the 3rd-5th c. BC. On the other hand, some Bulgarian scholars, who are not linguists, especially in recent decades, tried to link

125-535: Is a commune located in Sibiu County , Transylvania , Romania. It is composed of five villages: Florești ( Felsendorf , Földszin ), Laslea, Mălâncrav ( Malmkrog , Almakerék ), Nou Săsesc ( Neudorf , Apaújfalu ), and Roandola ( Rauthal , Rudály ). The route of the Via Transilvanica long-distance trail passes through the villages of Florești, Mălâncrav, and Nou Săsesc. In Romanian, Florești

150-775: Is an extinct Oghur Turkic language spoken by the Bulgars . The name is derived from the Bulgars, a tribal association that established the Bulgar state known as Old Great Bulgaria in the mid-7th century, giving rise to the Danubian Bulgaria by the 680s. While the language initially went extinct in Danubian Bulgaria (in favour of Old Bulgarian ), it persisted in Volga Bulgaria , but even there it

175-569: Is characterized by sound correspondences such as Oghuric /r/ versus Common Turkic (or Shaz-Turkic) /z/ and Oghuric /l/ versus Common Turkic (Shaz-Turkic) /š/. As was stated by Al-Istakhri (Х c. AD), " The language of the Khazars is different than the language of the Turks and the Persians, nor does a tongue of (any) group of humanity have anything in common with it and the language of the Bulgars

200-890: Is like the language of the Khazars, but the Burtas have another language. " The only surviving language from this linguistic group is Chuvash . He concludes that the language of the Bulgars was from the family of the Hunnic languages , as he calls the Oghur languages . According to the Bulgarian Antoaneta Granberg, the Hunno-Bulgar linguistic situation is further complicated by the extensive migration of nomadic communities of Hunnic and Oghuric peoples from East to West. This migration brought them into contact with

225-409: Is situated on the territory of the commune. In 2006, the then- Prince of Wales bought and restored two 18th-century Saxon houses in the villages of Mălâncrav and Viscri to help protect the unique way of life that has existed for hundreds of years and promote sustainable tourism . The buildings have been sensitively restored and converted into guesthouses for tourists. They remain in keeping with

250-479: The Chuvash language , which is most closely related to it and which is classified as the only surviving member of a separate " Oghur-Turkic " (or Lir-Turkic) branch of the Turkic languages, to which Bulgar is also considered to have belonged (see above). Still, the precise position of Chuvash within the Oghur family of languages is a matter of dispute among linguists. Since the comparative material attributable to

275-782: The Udvarhely County in the Kingdom of Hungary . After the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919 and the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, they became part of the Kingdom of Romania and fell within plasa Odorhei of Odorhei County during the interwar period. In 1940, the second Vienna Award granted the Northern Transylvania to Hungary and the villages were held by Hungary until September 1944, when Romanian and Soviet troops regained control during World War II. After

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300-677: The 1583 Medgyes parliament. The first bishop was Ferenc Dávid , a local Hungarian-speaking Saxon . The first appointed ruler of Transylvania was the Unitarian John II Sigismund Zápolya , son of the Hungarian king John Zápolya (1526–1541). The villages were historically part of the Székely Land region of Transylvania province. They belonged to Udvarhelyszék district until the administrative reform of Transylvania in 1876, when they fell within

325-561: The Bulgar language to the Iranic language group instead (more specifically, the Pamir languages are frequently mentioned), noting the presence of Iranian words in the modern Bulgarian language. According to Raymond Detrez , who is a specialist in Bulgarian history and language, such views are based on anti-Turkish sentiments and the presence of Iranian words in the modern Bulgarian is

350-584: The affairs of state, including the official 12-year cyclic calendar (as used in the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans ). The language became extinct in Danubian Bulgaria in the ninth century as the Bulgar nobility became gradually Slavicized after the Old Bulgarian tongue was declared as official in 893. Unlike Volga Bulgarian and Chuvash, d'ization is seen in the /j/ sounds at the beginning of words. Talât Tekin argues that this sound corresponds to

375-497: The east, and Mediaș , 28 km (17 mi) to the west; the county capital, Sibiu , is 83 km (52 mi) to the southwest. At the 2011 census, Laslea had 3,327 inhabitants. Of those, 61% were Romanians , 30% Roma , 7.5% Germans , and 1% Hungarians . At the 2002 census, 76.2% were Romanian Orthodox , 7.2% Pentecostal , 5.7% Evangelical Lutheran , 5.2% Seventh-day Adventist , 2.6% Evangelical Church of Augustan Confession , and 1.2% Baptist . The Noul Săsesc gas field

400-415: The extinct members of Oghuric ( Khazar and Bulgar) is scant, little is known about any precise interrelation of these languages and it is a matter of dispute whether Chuvash, the only "Lir"-type language with sufficient extant linguistic material, might be the daughter language of any of these or just a sister branch. Laslea Laslea ( German : Grosslasseln ; Hungarian : Szászszentlászló )

425-542: The former Háromszék County , while the former Csík County is solidly Roman Catholic. The murals of the Unitarian church show the legend of Ladislaus I of Hungary . When the Cumans broke into Kingdom of Hungary , Ladislaus, still a Duke, along with his cousin ( King Salamon I ) rode against them and freed a girl believed to be daughter of an aristocrat from a Cuman. Unhappily enough, the girl did not support this act of

450-837: The future Saint. Further murals in the region are to be found at Unitarian churches in Mugeni , Crăciunel (Karácsonyfalva), and smaller ones in Rugănești (Rugonfalva) and Cristuru Secuiesc (Székelykeresztúr). Saxon murals are most significant in Mălâncrav (Szászszentlászló). [REDACTED] Darány , Hungary The local Unitarian community has relationship with the Unitarian Universalist Church in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, USA. Bulgar language Bulgar (also known as Bulghar , Bolgar , or Bolghar )

475-553: The inhabitants were Unitarian , 20.46% Reformed , 7.34% Roman Catholic , 3.96% Baptists , and 1.83% Romanian Orthodox . At the 2021 census , Dârjiu had a population of 851; of those, 92.6% were Hungarians and 1.41% Romanians. The village is home to the Dârjiu fortified church , a 13th-century fortified Unitarian Church, which is on UNESCO 's World Heritage List . Unitariansm was an official religion in Transylvania from

500-581: The initial gy sound in Hungarian and is pronounced close to it. The language spoken by the population of Volga Bulgaria is known as Volga-Bulgar . There are a number of surviving inscriptions in Volga-Bulgar, some of which are written with Arabic letters , alongside the continuing use of Orkhon script . These are all largely decipherable. That language persisted until the 13th or the 14th century. In that region, it may have ultimately given rise to

525-466: The language of the Huns is almost unknown except for a few attested words, which are Indo-European in origin, and personal names. Thus, scholars generally consider Hunnish as unclassifiable. Mainstream scholarship places Bulgar among the "Lir" branch of Turkic languages referred to as Oghur Turkic , Lir-Turkic or, indeed, "Bulgar Turkic", as opposed to the "Shaz"-type of Common Turkic. The "Lir" branch

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550-715: The rock churches near the town of Murfatlar , in present-day Romania . Some of these inscriptions are written in the Greek characters , others in the Kuban alphabet which is a variant of Orkhon script . Most of these appear to have been of a private character (oaths, dedications, inscriptions on grave stones) and some were court inventories. Although attempts at decipherment have been made, none of them has gained wide acceptance. These inscriptions in Danubian Bulgar are found along with other, official ones written in Greek ; which

575-622: Was eventually replaced by the modern Chuvash language . Other than Chuvash, Bulgar is the only language to be definitively classified as an Oghur Turkic language. The inclusion of other languages such as Hunnish , Khazar and Sabir within Oghur Turkic remains speculative owing to the paucity of historical records. Some scholars suggest Hunnish had strong ties with Bulgar and to modern Chuvash and refer to this extended grouping as separate Hunno-Bulgar languages. However, such speculations are not based on proper linguistic evidence, since

600-588: Was known as Felța until 1950. The commune is situated towards the center of the Transylvanian Plateau . It is located in the northeastern part of Sibiu County, on the border with Mureș County . It lies on the banks of the river Laslea , which discharges into the Târnava Mare near the village Laslea. National road DN14  [ ro ] runs just north of the commune. The closest cities are Sighișoara , 13 km (8.1 mi) to

625-801: Was used as the official state language of the First Bulgarian Empire until the end of the ninth century, when it was replaced by Old Bulgarian (also called Old Church Slavonic, later Slavonic ). The language of the Danubian Bulgars is also known from a small number of loanwords in the Old Bulgarian language, as well as terms occurring in Bulgar Greek-language inscriptions, contemporary Byzantine texts, and later Slavonic Old Bulgarian texts. Most of these words designate titles and other concepts concerning

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