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68-680: E32 may refer to: BMW E32 European route E32 Tokushima Expressway (between Tokushima JCT and Kawanoe-higashi JCT) and Kōchi Expressway (between Kawanoe JCT and Kochi IC), route E32 in Japan West Coast Expressway , route E32 in Malaysia Long Win Bus Route E32 in Hong Kong [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

136-467: A Xe nucleus has a spin of 1/2, and therefore a zero electric quadrupole moment , the Xe nucleus does not experience any quadrupolar interactions during collisions with other atoms, and the hyperpolarization persists for long periods even after the engendering light and vapor have been removed. Spin polarization of Xe can persist from several seconds for xenon atoms dissolved in blood to several hours in

204-498: A propellant for ion thrusters in spacecraft. Naturally occurring xenon consists of seven stable isotopes and two long-lived radioactive isotopes. More than 40 unstable xenon isotopes undergo radioactive decay , and the isotope ratios of xenon are an important tool for studying the early history of the Solar System . Radioactive xenon-135 is produced by beta decay from iodine-135 (a product of nuclear fission ), and

272-451: A band of emission lines that span the visual spectrum, but the most intense lines occur in the region of blue light, producing the coloration. Xenon is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere , occurring at a volume fraction of 87 ± 1 nL/L ( parts per billion ), or approximately 1 part per 11.5 million. It is also found as a component of gases emitted from some mineral springs . Given

340-448: A double-column plant, the liquid oxygen produced will contain small quantities of krypton and xenon. By additional fractional distillation, the liquid oxygen may be enriched to contain 0.1–0.2% of a krypton/xenon mixture, which is extracted either by adsorption onto silica gel or by distillation. Finally, the krypton/xenon mixture may be separated into krypton and xenon by further distillation. Worldwide production of xenon in 1998

408-477: A few chemical reactions such as the formation of xenon hexafluoroplatinate , the first noble gas compound to be synthesized. Xenon is used in flash lamps and arc lamps , and as a general anesthetic . The first excimer laser design used a xenon dimer molecule (Xe 2 ) as the lasing medium , and the earliest laser designs used xenon flash lamps as pumps . Xenon is also used to search for hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles and as

476-438: A large number of xenon compounds have been discovered and described. Almost all known xenon compounds contain the electronegative atoms fluorine or oxygen. The chemistry of xenon in each oxidation state is analogous to that of the neighboring element iodine in the immediately lower oxidation state. Three fluorides are known: XeF 2 , XeF 4 , and XeF 6 . XeF is theorized to be unstable. These are

544-552: A later interview with then BMW chief engineer Wolfgang Reitzle , it was revealed that a last minute decision was taken to widen the car by 40mm in order to improve its stance, and to develop a V12 engine, which would give the new 7-series a competitive advantage over the Mercedes S-Class. Reitzle persuaded BMW management, despite the fact that press tooling for the bodyshell had already been manufactured, and scrapping it would cost an estimated DM300million, and would push out

612-474: A liquid, xenon has a density of up to 3.100 g/mL, with the density maximum occurring at the triple point. Liquid xenon has a high polarizability due to its large atomic volume, and thus is an excellent solvent. It can dissolve hydrocarbons, biological molecules, and even water. Under the same conditions, the density of solid xenon, 3.640 g/cm , is greater than the average density of granite , 2.75 g/cm . Under gigapascals of pressure , xenon forms

680-407: A metallic phase. Solid xenon changes from Face-centered cubic (fcc) to hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystal phase under pressure and begins to turn metallic at about 140 GPa, with no noticeable volume change in the hcp phase. It is completely metallic at 155 GPa. When metallized, xenon appears sky blue because it absorbs red light and transmits other visible frequencies. Such behavior

748-504: A pale-yellow solid. It explodes above −35.9 °C into xenon and oxygen gas, but is otherwise stable. A number of xenon oxyfluorides are known, including XeOF 2 , XeOF 4 , XeO 2 F 2 , and XeO 3 F 2 . XeOF 2 is formed by reacting OF 2 with xenon gas at low temperatures. It may also be obtained by partial hydrolysis of XeF 4 . It disproportionates at −20 °C into XeF 2 and XeO 2 F 2 . XeOF 4

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816-588: A real compound. Theoretical calculations indicate that the linear molecule XeCl 2 is less stable than the van der Waals complex. Xenon tetrachloride and xenon dibromide are even more unstable and they cannot be synthesized by chemical reactions. They were created by radioactive decay of ICl 4 and IBr 2 , respectively. Three oxides of xenon are known: xenon trioxide ( XeO 3 ) and xenon tetroxide ( XeO 4 ), both of which are dangerously explosive and powerful oxidizing agents, and xenon dioxide (XeO 2 ), which

884-478: A substrate of chilled crystal of nickel to spell out the three-letter company initialism. It was the first-time atoms had been precisely positioned on a flat surface. Xenon has atomic number 54; that is, its nucleus contains 54 protons . At standard temperature and pressure , pure xenon gas has a density of 5.894 kg/m , about 4.5 times the density of the Earth's atmosphere at sea level, 1.217 kg/m . As

952-494: A total mass of the atmosphere of 5.15 × 10 kilograms (1.135 × 10  lb), the atmosphere contains on the order of 2.03 gigatonnes (2.00 × 10 long tons; 2.24 × 10 short tons) of xenon in total when taking the average molar mass of the atmosphere as 28.96 g/mol which is equivalent to some 394-mass ppb. Xenon is obtained commercially as a by-product of the separation of air into oxygen and nitrogen . After this separation, generally performed by fractional distillation in

1020-447: Is a member of the zero- valence elements that are called noble or inert gases . It is inert to most common chemical reactions (such as combustion, for example) because the outer valence shell contains eight electrons. This produces a stable, minimum energy configuration in which the outer electrons are tightly bound. In a gas-filled tube , xenon emits a blue or lavenderish glow when excited by electrical discharge . Xenon emits

1088-504: Is about 3% fission products) than it does in air. However, there is as of 2022 no commercial effort to extract xenon from spent fuel during nuclear reprocessing . Naturally occurring xenon is composed of seven stable isotopes : Xe, Xe, and Xe. The isotopes Xe and Xe are predicted by theory to undergo double beta decay , but this has never been observed so they are considered stable. In addition, more than 40 unstable isotopes have been studied. The longest-lived of these isotopes are

1156-517: Is based on the E32 735i and introduced in 1987 with a 187 kW (254 PS; 251 hp) inline-six engine. Between 1987 and 1993 a total of 332 cars were produced. The Alpina B11 4.0 is based on the E32 740i with a modified engine producing 232 kW (315 PS; 311 hp) (compared with 210 kW (286 PS; 282 hp) for the 740i) and 410 N⋅m (302 lb⋅ft) of torque. Just 7 cars were made in 1993 and 1994. The Alpina B12 5.0

1224-474: Is based on the E32 750i/750iL and used a modified V12 engine producing 257 kW (350 PS; 345 hp) (compared with 220 kW (299 PS; 295 hp) for the 750i/750iL) and 470 N⋅m (347 lb⋅ft) of torque. A total of 305 cars were made. The BMW 750iL Highline was the top-of-the-line model of the E32, with lots of added luxury for the rear passengers like full leather seats, dual radio controls, dual climate control with coolbox mounted in

1292-459: Is formed by the partial hydrolysis of XeF 6 ... ...or the reaction of XeF 6 with sodium perxenate, Na 4 XeO 6 . The latter reaction also produces a small amount of XeO 3 F 2 . XeO 2 F 2 is also formed by partial hydrolysis of XeF 6 . XeOF 4 reacts with CsF to form the XeOF 5 anion, while XeOF 3 reacts with

1360-404: Is generated by passing brief electric current through a tube filled with xenon gas. In 1934, Edgerton was able to generate flashes as brief as one microsecond with this method. In 1939, American physician Albert R. Behnke Jr. began exploring the causes of "drunkenness" in deep-sea divers. He tested the effects of varying the breathing mixtures on his subjects, and discovered that this caused

1428-401: Is not produced directly but as a product of successive beta decays and thus it cannot absorb any neutrons in a nuclear explosion which occurs in fractions of a second. The stable isotope xenon-132 has a fission product yield of over 4% in the thermal neutron fission of U which means that stable or nearly stable xenon isotopes have a higher mass fraction in spent nuclear fuel (which

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1496-532: Is the most significant (and unwanted) neutron absorber in nuclear reactors . Xenon was discovered in England by the Scottish chemist William Ramsay and English chemist Morris Travers on July 12, 1898, shortly after their discovery of the elements krypton and neon . They found xenon in the residue left over from evaporating components of liquid air . Ramsay suggested the name xenon for this gas from

1564-417: Is unusual for a metal and is explained by the relatively small width of the electron bands in that state. Liquid or solid xenon nanoparticles can be formed at room temperature by implanting Xe ions into a solid matrix. Many solids have lattice constants smaller than solid Xe. This results in compression of the implanted Xe to pressures that may be sufficient for its liquefaction or solidification. Xenon

1632-513: Is weakly acidic, dissolving in alkali to form unstable xenate salts containing the HXeO 4 anion. These unstable salts easily disproportionate into xenon gas and perxenate salts, containing the XeO 6 anion. Barium perxenate, when treated with concentrated sulfuric acid , yields gaseous xenon tetroxide: To prevent decomposition, the xenon tetroxide thus formed is quickly cooled into

1700-495: The Chernobyl nuclear accident . Stable or extremely long lived isotopes of xenon are also produced in appreciable quantities in nuclear fission. Xenon-136 is produced when xenon-135 undergoes neutron capture before it can decay. The ratio of xenon-136 to xenon-135 (or its decay products) can give hints as to the power history of a given reactor and the absence of xenon-136 is a "fingerprint" for nuclear explosions, as xenon-135

1768-553: The E31 8 Series . The car had the engine cooling system located in the boot along with fabricated fibre glass gills and air scoops at the rear to aid in cooling as there was no space to accommodate them at the front as the resulting engine was 305 mm (12 in) longer than the V12 engine. Air was expelled through a custom made valence panel at the rear of the car which led to the use of small tail lights with no fog and reverse lights. Despite

1836-478: The Greek word ξένον xénon , neuter singular form of ξένος xénos , meaning 'foreign(er)', 'strange(r)', or 'guest'. In 1902, Ramsay estimated the proportion of xenon in the Earth's atmosphere to be one part in 20 million. During the 1930s, American engineer Harold Edgerton began exploring strobe light technology for high speed photography . This led him to the invention of the xenon flash lamp in which light

1904-432: The gas phase and several days in deeply frozen solid xenon. In contrast, Xe has a nuclear spin value of 3 ⁄ 2 and a nonzero quadrupole moment , and has t 1 relaxation times in the millisecond and second ranges. Some radioactive isotopes of xenon (for example, Xe and Xe) are produced by neutron irradiation of fissionable material within nuclear reactors . Xe is of considerable significance in

1972-399: The outgassing of xenon into the atmosphere. Unlike the lower-mass noble gases, the normal stellar nucleosynthesis process inside a star does not form xenon. Nucleosynthesis consumes energy to produce nuclides more massive than iron-56 , and thus the synthesis of xenon represents no energy gain for a star. Instead, xenon is formed during supernova explosions during the r-process , by

2040-429: The primordial Xe, which undergoes double electron capture with a half-life of 1.8 × 10  yr , and Xe, which undergoes double beta decay with a half-life of 2.11 × 10 yr . Xe is produced by beta decay of I , which has a half-life of 16 million years. Xe, Xe, Xe, and Xe are some of the fission products of U and Pu , and are used to detect and monitor nuclear explosions. Nuclei of two of

2108-467: The 750iL. Other safety features include a system that automatically increased spring pressure on the windscreen wipers to keep them firmly pressed on the glass at Motorway speeds. The E32 was the first BMW available with traction control (marketed as Automatic Stability Control, though not considered stability control by more modern standards). Initial versions of ASC reduced wheelspin by reducing engine power, while later versions (ASC+T) also applied

E32 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2176-452: The E32 launch was the 750i/iL, which was the first BMW ever sold with a V12 engine . The rated power output of the 5.0 L (305 cu in) M70 V12 is 220 kW (295 hp). In 1991, BMW began production of its first V8 engine since the end of BMW 501/502 production in 1962. This M60 V8 was introduced in the E32, along with the E34 5 Series . The 4.0 litre version powered

2244-437: The E32. It also uses the same M30 straight-6 and M60 V8 engines, and several other parts. The E31 8 Series , introduced in 1989, uses the same M60 V8 and M70 V12 engines as the E32. Xenon Xenon is a chemical element ; it has symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a dense, colorless, odorless noble gas found in Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, it can undergo

2312-420: The alkali metal fluorides KF , RbF and CsF to form the XeOF 4 anion. Xenon can be directly bonded to a less electronegative element than fluorine or oxygen, particularly carbon . Electron-withdrawing groups, such as groups with fluorine substitution, are necessary to stabilize these compounds. Numerous such compounds have been characterized, including: Other compounds containing xenon bonded to

2380-517: The atmosphere of planet Jupiter is unusually high, about 2.6 times that of the Sun. This abundance remains unexplained, but may have been caused by an early and rapid buildup of planetesimals —small, sub-planetary bodies—before the heating of the presolar disk ; otherwise, xenon would not have been trapped in the planetesimal ices. The problem of the low terrestrial xenon may be explained by covalent bonding of xenon to oxygen within quartz , reducing

2448-703: The car's release date by a year. Production of the E32 7 series started with the 735i in June 1986 and the 730i in December 1986, concluding in April 1994 with a total of 311,068 units built. Some luxury options featured on the E32 include integrated telephone and fax machines, a wine cooler , electronically adjustable rear seats and radio controls for rear passengers (exclusive to the 750iL). In 1991, first series-production low beam Xenon high-intensity discharge headlamps (Litronic, only low beam) were introduced on

2516-456: The center console, electrically heated and adjustable rear seats, walnut veneer folding tables, two crystal glasses neatly placed in the coolbox, leg rests, and electronically operated sun shades all around the rear/side windows. Complete with independent heating and ventilation, it also added a second battery in the trunk and a second alternator to provide power for all these luxuries. The 'Highline' option package cost more than 20,000 DM , and

2584-682: The design to increase the reactor's reactivity (the number of neutrons per fission that go on to fission other atoms of nuclear fuel ). Xe reactor poisoning was a major factor in the Chernobyl disaster . A shutdown or decrease of power of a reactor can result in buildup of Xe, with reactor operation going into a condition known as the iodine pit . Under adverse conditions, relatively high concentrations of radioactive xenon isotopes may emanate from cracked fuel rods , or fissioning of uranium in cooling water . Isotope ratios of xenon produced in natural nuclear fission reactors at Oklo in Gabon reveal

2652-513: The divers to perceive a change in depth. From his results, he deduced that xenon gas could serve as an anesthetic . Although Russian toxicologist Nikolay V. Lazarev apparently studied xenon anesthesia in 1941, the first published report confirming xenon anesthesia was in 1946 by American medical researcher John H. Lawrence, who experimented on mice. Xenon was first used as a surgical anesthetic in 1951 by American anesthesiologist Stuart C. Cullen, who successfully used it with two patients. Xenon and

2720-419: The form of an overabundance of xenon-129. He inferred that this was a decay product of radioactive iodine-129 . This isotope is produced slowly by cosmic ray spallation and nuclear fission , but is produced in quantity only in supernova explosions. Because the half-life of I is comparatively short on a cosmological time scale (16 million years), this demonstrated that only a short time had passed between

2788-514: The much more plentiful argon, which makes up over 1% by volume of earth's atmosphere, costs less than a cent per liter. Within the Solar System, the nucleon fraction of xenon is 1.56 × 10 , for an abundance of approximately one part in 630 thousand of the total mass. Xenon is relatively rare in the Sun 's atmosphere, on Earth , and in asteroids and comets . The abundance of xenon in

E32 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2856-509: The new 740i/iL models, and the 3.0 litre version was sold in parallel with the M30 straight-six in the 730i/iL models. The top speed of the 740i was electronically limited to 240 km/h (149 mph). Both V8 engines were coupled to a new, 5-speed automatic transmission made by ZF . The Nikasil bore lining used in the M60 engine was prone to damage when used with high-sulfur fuels . The E32

2924-421: The noble gases argon , krypton , and radon , including argon fluorohydride (HArF), krypton difluoride (KrF 2 ), and radon fluoride . By 1971, more than 80 xenon compounds were known. In November 1989, IBM scientists demonstrated a technology capable of manipulating individual atoms . The program, called IBM in atoms , used a scanning tunneling microscope to arrange 35 individual xenon atoms on

2992-492: The operation of nuclear fission reactors . Xe has a huge cross section for thermal neutrons , 2.6×10   barns , and operates as a neutron absorber or " poison " that can slow or stop the chain reaction after a period of operation. This was discovered in the earliest nuclear reactors built by the American Manhattan Project for plutonium production. However, the designers had made provisions in

3060-539: The other noble gases were for a long time considered to be completely chemically inert and not able to form compounds . However, while teaching at the University of British Columbia , Neil Bartlett discovered that the gas platinum hexafluoride (PtF 6 ) was a powerful oxidizing agent that could oxidize oxygen gas (O 2 ) to form dioxygenyl hexafluoroplatinate ( O 2 [PtF 6 ] ). Since O 2 (1165 kJ/mol) and xenon (1170 kJ/mol) have almost

3128-553: The presence of NaF yields high-purity XeF 4 . The xenon fluorides behave as both fluoride acceptors and fluoride donors, forming salts that contain such cations as XeF and Xe 2 F 3 , and anions such as XeF 5 , XeF 7 , and XeF 8 . The green, paramagnetic Xe 2 is formed by the reduction of XeF 2 by xenon gas. XeF 2 also forms coordination complexes with transition metal ions. More than 30 such complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Whereas

3196-464: The project, namely Adolf Fischer and Hanns-Peter Weisbarth both being senior employees. The concept car was completed in just six months. The main notable feature is the V16 engine designed by Adolf Fischer, which is essentially a modified M70 V12 enlarged to have four extra cylinders, capacity enlarged to 6.7-litres, etched iron pistons, nine-bearing crankshaft and having silicone-aluminium casting. The engine

3264-507: The reactor properties during chain reaction that took place about 2 billion years ago. Because xenon is a tracer for two parent isotopes, xenon isotope ratios in meteorites are a powerful tool for studying the formation of the Solar System . The iodine–xenon method of dating gives the time elapsed between nucleosynthesis and the condensation of a solid object from the solar nebula . In 1960, physicist John H. Reynolds discovered that certain meteorites contained an isotopic anomaly in

3332-481: The rear brakes. The E32 was also available in a long-wheelbase version (indicated by an 'L' from German Lang , after the model number) with an extra 11.4 cm (4.5 in) of rear leg room. . Over its lifespan, the E32 7 Series was produced with straight-six, V8 and V12 gasoline engines. The launch models consisted of the 730i/iL and 735i/iL, which were powered by the M30 straight-six engine . Also available at

3400-412: The result may indicate that Mars lost most of its primordial atmosphere, possibly within the first 100 million years after the planet was formed. In another example, excess Xe found in carbon dioxide well gases from New Mexico is believed to be from the decay of mantle -derived gases from soon after Earth's formation. After Neil Bartlett's discovery in 1962 that xenon can form chemical compounds,

3468-492: The same first ionization potential , Bartlett realized that platinum hexafluoride might also be able to oxidize xenon. On March 23, 1962, he mixed the two gases and produced the first known compound of a noble gas, xenon hexafluoroplatinate . Bartlett thought its composition to be Xe [PtF 6 ] , but later work revealed that it was probably a mixture of various xenon-containing salts. Since then, many other xenon compounds have been discovered, in addition to some compounds of

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3536-428: The same rate it is produced during steady operation of a nuclear reactor. However, if power is reduced or the reactor is scrammed , less xenon is destroyed than is produced from the beta decay of its parent nuclides . This phenomenon called xenon poisoning can cause significant problems in restarting a reactor after a scram or increasing power after it had been reduced and it was one of several contributing factors in

3604-677: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E32&oldid=1050814176 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages BMW E32 The E32 introduced numerous features including adaptive suspension (EDC), traction control , two available wheelbases (i and iL), and dual-zone climate control. The E32 750i

3672-429: The slow neutron-capture process ( s-process ) in red giant stars that have exhausted their core hydrogen and entered the asymptotic giant branch , and from radioactive decay, for example by beta decay of extinct iodine-129 and spontaneous fission of thorium , uranium , and plutonium . Xenon-135 is a notable neutron poison with a high fission product yield . As it is relatively short lived, it decays at

3740-420: The solar gas cloud. In a similar way, xenon isotopic ratios such as Xe/ Xe and Xe/ Xe are a powerful tool for understanding planetary differentiation and early outgassing. For example, the atmosphere of Mars shows a xenon abundance similar to that of Earth (0.08 parts per million ) but Mars shows a greater abundance of Xe than the Earth or the Sun. Since this isotope is generated by radioactive decay,

3808-441: The stable isotopes of xenon , Xe and Xe (both stable isotopes with odd mass numbers), have non-zero intrinsic angular momenta ( nuclear spins , suitable for nuclear magnetic resonance ). The nuclear spins can be aligned beyond ordinary polarization levels by means of circularly polarized light and rubidium vapor. The resulting spin polarization of xenon nuclei can surpass 50% of its maximum possible value, greatly exceeding

3876-416: The starting points for the synthesis of almost all xenon compounds. The solid, crystalline difluoride XeF 2 is formed when a mixture of fluorine and xenon gases is exposed to ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet component of ordinary daylight is sufficient. Long-term heating of XeF 2 at high temperatures under an NiF 2 catalyst yields XeF 6 . Pyrolysis of XeF 6 in

3944-423: The supernova and the time the meteorites had solidified and trapped the I. These two events (supernova and solidification of gas cloud) were inferred to have happened during the early history of the Solar System , because the I isotope was likely generated shortly before the Solar System was formed, seeding the solar gas cloud with isotopes from a second source. This supernova source may also have caused collapse of

4012-406: The thermal equilibrium value dictated by paramagnetic statistics (typically 0.001% of the maximum value at room temperature , even in the strongest magnets ). Such non-equilibrium alignment of spins is a temporary condition, and is called hyperpolarization . The process of hyperpolarizing the xenon is called optical pumping (although the process is different from pumping a laser ). Because

4080-484: The usage of a large V16 engine, the car was only 60 kg (132 lb) heavier than the 750i. The Goldfisch could accelerate to 100 km/h (62 mph) in a claimed 6 seconds and could attain a top speed of 282 km/h (175 mph). The car remained a technology demonstrator only and was never put into production due to the V16 engine being incompliant to the environmental regulations. The E34 5 Series , introduced in 1988, has exterior design almost identical to

4148-449: The xenon fluorides are well characterized, the other halides are not. Xenon dichloride , formed by the high-frequency irradiation of a mixture of xenon, fluorine, and silicon or carbon tetrachloride , is reported to be an endothermic, colorless, crystalline compound that decomposes into the elements at 80 °C. However, XeCl 2 may be merely a van der Waals molecule of weakly bound Xe atoms and Cl 2 molecules and not

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4216-513: Was also Germany's first post-war V12 engine for a passenger vehicle. In 1994, the E32 was replaced by the E38 , a clear evolution of the E32. Styling was by chief stylist Ercole Spada and Hans Kerschbaum working under chief designer Claus Luthe . Design work began in late 1979. By 1983, 1:1 scale models were presented and frozen in October 1984 for production which was scheduled in June 1986. In

4284-569: Was estimated at 5,000–7,000 cubic metres (180,000–250,000 cu ft). At a density of 5.894 grams per litre (0.0002129 lb/cu in) this is equivalent to roughly 30 to 40 tonnes (30 to 39 long tons; 33 to 44 short tons). Because of its scarcity, xenon is much more expensive than the lighter noble gases—approximate prices for the purchase of small quantities in Europe in 1999 were 10  € /L (=~€1.7/g) for xenon, 1 €/L (=~€0.27/g) for krypton, and 0.20 €/L (=~€0.22/g) for neon, while

4352-403: Was fitted with Bosch DME 3.3 engine management system for better performance. Desired level of performance was achieved when the system treated the engine as two inline-8 engines bolted together. The resulting engine had a power output of 414 PS (304 kW; 408 hp) and 625 N⋅m (461 lb⋅ft) of torque. Power was sent to the rear wheels via a 6-speed manual transmission shared with

4420-464: Was only available on the 750iL, bringing the total price to well over twice that of a base model 730i. The Goldfisch , also called the 767 or the "Secret Seven" internally, is a concept full size luxury car based on the E32 750i. Conceived by Dr. Karlheinz Lange in the late 1980s, it was meant to be the top-of-the line variant of the 7 Series also designed to compete with offerings from rival Mercedes-Benz . Dr. Lange also involved two other employees in

4488-398: Was reported in 2011 with a coordination number of four. XeO 2 forms when xenon tetrafluoride is poured over ice. Its crystal structure may allow it to replace silicon in silicate minerals. The XeOO cation has been identified by infrared spectroscopy in solid argon . Xenon does not react with oxygen directly; the trioxide is formed by the hydrolysis of XeF 6 : XeO 3

4556-549: Was the first BMW to use L-shaped tail-lights, which were designed with safety of following traffic in mind. Other styling features include a Hofmeister kink in the rear window line and circular headlights. A narrow 'kidney' grille correlated with 6-cylinder models, and a wider grille was standard for V8 and V12 models. The narrow grille was not available as an option on the 8- and 12-cylinder E32 models. The official specifications are as follows. * uncatalyzed ** Electronically limited top speed The Alpina B11 3.5

4624-558: Was the first car adhering to "gentlemen's agreement" amongst the German manufacturers limiting maximum speed to 250 km/h (155 mph). Other automotive passenger vehicles features introduced with the E32 included: projector lens headlamps (1986); double glazing windows (1991); HID (Xenon) headlamps (1991). E32 also introduced BMW's first V8 engine since the BMW 501/502 , last produced in 1962, and their first V12 engine, which

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