ENHER , the acronym for Empresa Nacional Hidroeléctrica del Ribagorzana ( National Hydroelectric Company of the Ribagorçana ), was a Spanish company, based in Barcelona , dedicated to the generation and distribution of electrical energy. Its basic activity focused on hydroelectric production, but also had holdings in thermal and nuclear power stations.
18-513: Created in 1946, it was historically a company of public capital, first as property of Instituto Nacional de Industria ( INI ) and, from 1983, as part of Endesa , who absorbed it in 1999, one year after being privatized. Despite the extinction of the legal personality of Enher, Endesa used the Fecsa-Enher trademark for its distribution activity in Catalonia until the year 2001. ENHER
36-1187: A broad range of companies, from heavy and basic industries to "soft" services, most of them with E.N., standing for Empresa Nacional (National Corporation), in their names. Among them were: Ensidesa (Empresa Nacional Siderúrgica S.A.)– Aceralia (steel), Enasa (Empresa Nacional de Autocamiones S.A.)– Pegaso (trucks), SEAT (Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo; cars), INH (Instituto Nacional de Hidrocarburos)– Repsol (Refinería de Petróleos de Escombreras Oil; oil and gas), ENCE (Empresa Nacional de Celulosas de España) ( cellulose , biofuels ), ENDASA (Empresa Nacional de Aluminio S.A.; aluminium), Endesa (Empresa Nacional de Electricidad S.A.; power), ENFERSA (Empresa Nacional de Fertilizantes S.A.; fertilizers), E.N. Calvo Sotelo (petrochemicals), E.N. Bazán–ASTANO ( Astilleros y Talleres del Noroeste )– Navantia (naval shipyards), Astilleros Españoles–AESA (civilian shipyards), E.N. Santa Bárbara (weapons), E.N. Elcano (merchant shipping line), ATESA (Autotransporte Turístico Español S.A.; operator), ENTURSA (Empresa Nacional de Turismo S.A.; tourism) and others. INI also assisted mergers and integration, including of private enterprises, like
54-580: A hotel, currently protected as Cultural Good of Local Interest . ENHER's main hydraulic production assets were as follows: Along with the great hydraulic and electrical infrastructures, ENHER was also relevant in developing ICT technologies applied precisely to the management and control of the mentioned infrastructures. As an exponent we highlight here the important developments in the fields of computer networking ( TRAME network ) and Remote Control. Instituto Nacional de Industria Instituto Nacional de Industria ( INI , National Institute of Industry)
72-401: The 1960s and early 1970s of the so-called Spanish miracle . To achieve its goal, INI either financed on its own or directed private funds to the creation of the country's fundamental industries under the spirit of the national interest and autarky . Although its first acts ended in failure (e.g., Adaro ), INI soon turned itself into the biggest industrial conglomerate of Spain. INI included
90-578: The 1980s, when the Spanish economy was fully opened to international trade and joined the European Economic Community , INI lost its raison d'être . Most of its companies were privatized in the 1980s and early 1990s. In this process, ENSIDESA was taken over by Arcelor , SEAT by Volkswagen Group , ENASA by Iveco , Calvo Sotelo by Repsol, and so on. Others, including ENDESA and Iberia, have kept their independence. In 1992 INI
108-722: The Ascó Nuclear Association II with a 40% stake. In 1981 the construction of Vandellós II nuclear power station was authorized, project in which ENHER participated with 54% capital. The reorganization of the electric sector carried out by the Spanish government meant that in 1983 the INI transferred to Endesa, also public, all its shareholdings in electric companies, including ENHER. To reduce its debt, ENHER transferred to Endesa its nuclear shares in Vandellos II (54%) and Ascó II (40%). Following an agreement for
126-430: The airlines Iberia (Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España S.A.) and Aviaco (Aviación y Comercio), and the aircraft manufacturer CASA (Construcciones Aeronáuticas S.A.). It absorbed failed companies in order to service debt, among other purposes. In the mid-to late 1970s, HUNOSA [ es ] (Hulleras del Norte S.A.), a large Asturian coal mining conglomerate, and Compañía Transatlántica Española (CTE) were among
144-464: The company Hidroeléctrica de Cataluña (HECSA), built a thermal power plant of 150 MW in Sant Adrià de Besós , named Besós I . In 1968 Enher and HECSA constituted 50% of the company Térmicas del Besós, S.A. (TERBESA) to administer this center and also a second group, Besós II , inaugurated in 1972, in addition to other thermal installations such as the thermal power plant of Foix , connected to
162-566: The exchange of assets signed by Endesa and Iberdrola, in 1994 ENHER acquired 55% of Hidruña 1, a company to which all the assets of HECSA, except nuclear ones, had been moved to. Finally, in 1998 Hidruña was absorbed by ENHER, who with this operation reached 1.6 million clients, which supposed 50% of the Catalan market and 15% of the Aragonese one. In turn, it added 35,000 km of lines and more than 9,000 MW of installed power. In 1999 ENHER
180-403: The network in 1979. In the nuclear field, it was also part, with 23%, of Hispano Francesa de Energía Nuclear, S.A. (Hifrensa), a consortium of companies integrated by Electricité de France (EdF) and the other large Catalan electric ones, FECSA and HECSA, to build the first Catalan and third Spanish nuclear power station, Vandellós I , which entered service in 1972. It also participated in
198-552: The non-functional companies that were integrated into the Instituto Nacional de Industria. However, there were other Spanish state owned companies such as Campsa (Compañía Arrendataria del Monopolio de Petróleos S.A.; filling stations ), RENFE (Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles; railways), RTVE ( public broadcaster ), Tabacalera (tobacco), or Telefónica (Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España; telecommunications) that were never under INI's control. In
SECTION 10
#1732783195397216-521: The other company, Fecsa-Enher II, SA Endesa operated in the distribution market of Catalonia through the subsidiary Fecsa-Enher until the year 2001, when it changed the brand to Fecsa-Endesa. ENHER had its headquarters in the Casa Fuster , modernist style building by the architect Lluís Domènech i Montaner , located at number 132 of the Paseo de Gracia of Barcelona . The electric company purchased
234-491: The property in 1960 for 11 million pesetas, with the intention of demolishing it to build a skyscraper of offices named "Torre Barcelona". However, after a campaign in favor of its preservation in several news media, ENHER dismissed the demolition project and installed its offices in the historic building, carrying out a restoration that culminated in 1974. In the year 2000 Endesa sold the ENHER's headquarters building, which became
252-636: The self-sufficiency of the Spanish economy. It aimed to overturn the effects of the devastation caused by the Spanish Civil War by carrying out in Spain functions similar to those of the Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI) in Italy. Despite its inefficiencies, INI was instrumental in moving the mostly underdeveloped primary-sector-focused closed Spain of the 1940s to the booming Spain of
270-536: Was a Spanish state-owned financing and industrial holding company established in Francoist Spain for the development of industry and social control. It was succeeded by the Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) in 1995. The INI was established on 25 September 1941 with a starting capital of fifty million pesetas . It aimed to promote the development of Spanish industry and
288-413: Was absorbed by Endesa , who a year before had been privatized; the exchange of securities was 24 shares of Enher for 25 of Endesa. Before the merger by absorption, ENHER and FECSA , company which was also absorbed, segregated their assets of non-nuclear power generation and distribution to a new company, called Fecsa-Enher I, SA, controlled 100% by Endesa. Subsequently, the generation assets were split into
306-414: Was entitled to create a new holding company ( Sociedad Anónima ) over which it would pass all shares owned in every company's capital it had still participated. The new company named TENEO [ es ] , which was founded on July 4 of the same year, merged into Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) in 1996 and the latter has practically disposed the totality of its owned shares with
324-664: Was founded in 1946 with majority capital of Instituto Nacional de Industria ( INI ) at the initiative of the engineer Victoriano Muñoz Om s, in order to take advantage of the hydraulic resources of the basin of the Noguera-Ribagorçana river. Subsequently, he also obtained concessions in the Ebro and in the Cinca rivers. In the 1960s the Spanish economic growth and the increase in electrical demand led Enher to seek new energy sources, beyond waterfalls. In 1967, together with
#396603