The École cantonale d'art de Lausanne ( ÉCAL ) is a university of art and design located in the Renens suburb of Lausanne , Switzerland. It was founded in 1821 and is affiliated with the University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland (HES-SO). The designer Alexis Georgacopoulos is the director of ÉCAL.
14-474: A precursor to ÉCAL called the "Ecole Cantonale de Dessin" was founded in 1821, and situated in Cité-Devant. The school was relocated to the newly built Musée Arlaud [ fr ] in the centre of Lausanne twenty years later. Over the next century the school moved to various locations and went though changes of management and name before eventually taking its current name and location in 1986. Under
28-403: A function is defined in lowercase, it can be called in uppercase, but if a variable is defined in lowercase, it cannot be referred to in uppercase. Nim is case-insensitive and ignores underscores, as long as the first characters match. A text search operation could be case-sensitive or case-insensitive, depending on the system, application, or context. The user can in many cases specify whether
42-475: A search is sensitive to case, e.g. in most text editors, word processors, and Web browsers. A case-insensitive search is more comprehensive, finding "Language" (at the beginning of a sentence), "language", and "LANGUAGE" (in a title in capitals); a case-sensitive search will find the computer language "BASIC" but exclude most of the many unwanted instances of the word. For example, the Google Search engine
56-407: A source code tree for software for Unix-like systems might have both a file named Makefile and a file named makefile in the same directory. In addition, some Mac Installers assume case insensitivity and fail on case-sensitive file systems. The older MS-DOS filesystems FAT12 and FAT16 were case-insensitive and not case-preserving, so that a file whose name is entered as readme.txt or ReadMe.txt
70-583: Is basically case-insensitive, with no option for case-sensitive search. In Oracle SQL, most operations and searches are case-sensitive by default, while in most other DBMSes , SQL searches are case-insensitive by default. Case-insensitive operations are sometimes said to fold case , from the idea of folding the character code table so that upper- and lowercase letters coincide. In filesystems in Unix-like systems, filenames are usually case-sensitive (there can be separate readme.txt and Readme.txt files in
84-613: Is saved as README.TXT. Later, with VFAT in Windows 95 the FAT file systems became case-preserving as an extension of supporting long filenames . Later Windows file systems such as NTFS are internally case-sensitive, and a readme.txt and a Readme.txt can coexist in the same directory. However, for practical purposes filenames behave as case-insensitive as far as users and most software are concerned. This can cause problems for developers or software coming from Unix-like environments, similar to
98-525: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Espace Arlaud " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for
112-466: The directorship of the graphic artist Pierre Keller [ fr ] from 1995 to 2011, ÉCAL became, "one of the world's most influential design schools." The building in which the school is housed was designed by the architect Bernard Tschumi in what was once a pantyhose factory. ÉCAL offers a foundation year, bachelor's, master's, and master's in advanced studies degrees in different fields. Preparatory year for students who wish to work in
126-537: The fields of art or design. The course is designed to provide the skills required for a Bachelor's program at ÉCAL or another university. Graduates of ÉCAL include: Partial list of ÉCAL professors, staff, and guest lecturers: An exhibition titled How to best teach design today? which explored the teaching methods and outcomes of the school was staged at the Vitra Design Museum in 2022. The book The ECAL manual of style: How to best teach design today?
140-599: The first character; please check alternative capitalizations and consider adding a redirect here to the correct title. If the page has been deleted, check the deletion log , and see Why was the page I created deleted? Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espace_Arlaud " Case sensitivity In computers, case sensitivity defines whether uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as distinct ( case-sensitive ) or equivalent ( case-insensitive ). For instance, when users interested in learning about dogs search an e-book , "dog" and "Dog" are of
154-506: The same directory). MacOS is somewhat unusual in that, by default, it uses HFS+ and APFS in a case-insensitive (so that there cannot be a readme.txt and a Readme.txt in the same directory) but case-preserving mode (so that a file created as readme.txt is shown as readme.txt and a file created as Readme.txt is shown as Readme.txt) by default. This causes some issues for developers and power users , because most file systems in other Unix-like environments are case-sensitive, and, for example,
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#1732779502803168-770: The same significance to them. Thus, they request a case-insensitive search. But when they search an online encyclopedia for information about the United Nations , for example, or something with no ambiguity regarding capitalization and ambiguity between two or more terms cut down by capitalization, they may prefer a case-sensitive search. Case sensitivity may differ depending on the situation: Some programming languages are case-sensitive for their identifiers ( C , C++ , Java , C# , Verilog , Ruby , Python and Swift ). Others are case-insensitive (i.e., not case-sensitive), such as ABAP , Ada , most BASICs (an exception being BBC BASIC ), Common Lisp , Fortran , SQL (for
182-511: The syntax, and for some vendor implementations, e.g. Microsoft SQL Server , the data itself) Pascal , Rexx and ooRexx . There are also languages, such as Haskell , Prolog , and Go , in which the capitalisation of an identifier encodes information about its semantics . Some other programming languages have varying case sensitivity; in PHP , for example, variable names are case-sensitive but function names are not case-sensitive. This means that if
196-1086: Was published at the same time. 46°32′12″N 6°35′19″E / 46.53667°N 6.58861°E / 46.53667; 6.58861 Espace Arlaud Look for Espace Arlaud on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Espace Arlaud in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
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