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86-592: Embraer was founded in 1969 by the Brazilian government as a national champion for domestic aerospace technology. It initially focused on supplying military aircraft to the Brazilian Air Force , but by the 1980s began producing a series of successful commuter and regional airliners for export. The company was privatized in 1994 and began expanding to the production of larger regional airliners and smaller business jets . In 2000, Embraer became public as

172-619: A coup d'état by the Brazilian Armed Forces , with support from the United States government, against president João Goulart . The Brazilian dictatorship lasted for 21 years, until 15 March 1985. The coup was planned and executed by the most senior commanders of the Brazilian Army and received the support of almost all high-ranking members of the military, along with conservative sectors in society, like

258-500: A joint venture with Boeing was announced that would have resulted in Boeing owning 80% of Embraer's commercial aviation division. This was seen as a reaction to Airbus' acquisition of a majority in the competing Bombardier CSeries the previous year. Under the 2018 plan, Embraer would retain its executive business jet and its defence business . The resulting division would be known as Boeing Brasil – Commercial , though it

344-619: A limited company ( Sociedade Anônima ) with shares traded in both the United States ( NYSE ) and Brazil ( B3 ). Embraer has divisions for commercial, executive, military, and agricultural aviation; it also maintains an incubator for aerospace technologies and businesses. While the company continues producing aircraft for the defense sector, it is best known for the ERJ and E-Jet families of narrow-body short to medium range airliners , and for its line of business jets , including

430-530: A new family of turboprop regional airliners in the 50–70 seat range, complementing the E-Jet E2 , so as to free engineering resources. It would compete against older ATR and Dash 8 designs for 1.5 to 2 h flights over 500–700 nmi (930–1,300 km). In August 2021, Embraer released a new configuration with quieter aft-mounted engines for a 70-90 seat aircraft, with the E-Jet cross-section, aiming for

516-715: A 2022 launch and a 2027/2028 service entry. At the 2000 Farnborough Airshow , Embraer launched the Legacy 600 , a business jet variant of the Embraer Regional Jet . In 2002, a dedicated subsidiary, Embraer Executive Jets , was created, as the Legacy was introduced into service. In 2005, the Phenom 100 was first envisioned as an air taxi similar to the Eclipse 500 , competing with Cessna and Hawker Beechcraft . It

602-514: A dictatorship and ending up in power for two decades? Why did they not hand over power to civilians after the "threat" had been defeated? Instead, Motta argued that the assertion of a "Communist threat" was fabricated to unify the Brazilian armed forces and increase their support among the general population. ...the big press and other institutions made a strong discursive dam in favor of the fall of Goulart, in which they mobilized to exhaustion

688-490: A formula based on a strategy of reconciling the conflicting interests of the middle class, foreign capital, the working class, and the landed oligarchy. Essentially, this was the epic of the rise and fall of Brazilian populism from 1930 to 1964: Brazil witnessed over the course of this time period the change from export-orientation of the First Brazilian Republic (1889–1930) to the import substitution of

774-493: A fraction of the atrocities committed by the government. The military government murdered hundreds of others, although this was done mostly in secret and the cause of death often falsely reported as accidental. The government occasionally dismembered and hid the bodies. French general Paul Aussaresses , a veteran of the Algerian War , came to Brazil in 1973. Aussaresses used " counter-revolutionary warfare " methods during

860-426: A gradual relaxation of authoritarian rule. It would be, in his words, "the maximum of development possible with the minimum of indispensable security". Aerotec A-122 Uirapuru The Aerotec A-122 Uirapuru was a Brazilian military trainer aircraft. It was a low-wing monoplane with tricycle undercarriage that accommodated the pilot and instructor side-by-side. It first flew on 2 June 1965. In October 1967,

946-719: A guerrilla leader, two months after Elbrick's kidnapping. This marked the beginning of the decline of armed opposition. In 1970, Nobuo Okuchi, the Japanese consul general in Sāo Paulo , was kidnapped, while Curtis C. Cutter, the U.S. consul in Porto Alegre , was wounded in the shoulder but escaped being kidnapped. Also in 1970, Ehrenfried von Holleben, the West German ambassador, was kidnapped in Rio de Janeiro and one of his bodyguards

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1032-477: A legalist bastion. São Paulo's and Rio de Janeiro's generals were convinced to join the coup. In order to prevent a civil war and knowing that the United States would openly support the rebels, Goulart fled to Rio Grande do Sul , and then went to exile in Uruguay , where his family owned large estates. The U.S. ambassador Lincoln Gordon later admitted that the embassy had given money to anti-Goulart candidates in

1118-487: A model for other military regimes and dictatorships throughout Latin America , being systematized by the so-called "National Security Doctrine", which was used to justify the military's actions as operating in the interest of national security in a time of crisis, creating an intellectual basis upon which other military regimes relied. In 2014, nearly 30 years after the regime collapsed, the Brazilian military recognized for

1204-483: A successor. The Brazilian Army could not find an acceptable civilian politician to all of the factions that supported the ouster of João Goulart. On 9 April 1964, coup leaders published the First Institutional Act, which greatly limited the civil liberties of the 1946 constitution. The act granted the president the authority to remove elected officials, dismiss civil servants, and revoke for 10 years

1290-481: Is estimated that 434 people were either confirmed killed or went missing and 20,000 people were tortured during the military dictatorship in Brazil. While some human rights activists and others assert that the true figure could be much higher, and should include thousands of indigenous people who died because of the regime's negligence, the armed forces have always disputed this. Brazil's political crisis stemmed from

1376-523: Is no military dictatorship. If it were, Carlos Lacerda would never be allowed to say the things he says. Everything in Brazil is free — but controlled. Through the Institutional Acts, Castelo Branco gave the executive the unchecked ability to change the constitution and remove anyone from office as well as to have the president elected by Congress. A two-party system was created: the ruling government-backed National Renewal Alliance (ARENA) and

1462-495: Is organized into four segments: Commercial Aviation, which manages the development, production, sale, and lease of commercial jets, as well as the provision of aviation support services; Defense & Security, which consists of research, development, production, modification, and support for military defense aircraft, and related products and services; Executive Aviation, which concerns the development, production, and sale of executive jets, and support services; and Other, which entails

1548-530: The 1964 coup d'état , that Em presa Br asileira de Aer onáutica (Brazilian Aeronautics Corporation, short Embraer) was created as a government-owned corporation . Its first president, Ozires Silva , was a government appointee, and the company initially only produced a turboprop passenger aircraft, the Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante . The Brazilian government contributed to Embraer's early growth by providing production contracts. The company sold solely to

1634-464: The Battle of Algiers , including the systemic use of torture, executions and death flights . He later trained U.S. officers and taught military courses for Brazil's military intelligence. He later acknowledged maintaining close links with the military. Despite the dictatorship's fall, no individual has been punished for the human rights violations, due to the 1979 Amnesty Law written by the members of

1720-594: The Brazilian Air Force became interested in an upgraded version of the Uirapuru. A prototype, designated Uirapuru II , was built; but, by the time it flew, the Air Force no longer required it. A small number were built for export. In 1987, the firm was sold to Embraer. Born from a Brazilian government plan and having been state-run, Embraer eventually started a privatisation process in 1992 alongside other state-run companies, such as Telebrás and Vale . Privatisation

1806-650: The Brazilian Air Force ordered 30 aircraft to replace the obsolete Fokker S.11s and S.12s (T-21s and T-22s) that were operating in the Air Force Academy. Later, they ordered another 40, and then 30 more. These were designated T-23 . The Bolivian Air Force ordered 36 examples in 1974, which flew until 1997, and in 1975 the Paraguayan Air Force bought eight aircraft to replace the Fokker T-21 (S.11). In 1986, six more were donated by

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1892-538: The Catholic Church and anti-communist civilian movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes. The military regime, particularly after the Institutional Act No. 5 in 1968, practiced extensive censorship and committed human rights abuses . Those abuses included institutionalized torture , extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances . Despite initial pledges to the contrary,

1978-571: The EMB 820 Navajo (Piper Navajo Chifetais ), EMB 810 Seneca (Piper Seneca III) , EMB 720 Minuano (Cherokee Six) , EMB 710 Carioca aircraft (Cherokee 235 Pathfinder) and the EMB 711 Corisco (Cherokee Arrow II). Between 1974 and 2000, nearly 2,500 license-built Pipers were produced by Embraer. Aerotec S/A Indústria Aeronáutica was a design and manufacturing company founded in São José dos Campos in 1962 under

2064-479: The Fifth Institutional Act that gave the president dictatorial powers, dissolved Congress and state legislatures, suspended the constitution, and imposed censorship. On 31 August 1969 Costa e Silva suffered a stroke. Instead of his vice president, all state power was assumed by military junta , which then chose general Emílio Garrastazu Médici as the new president. A hardliner, Médici sponsored

2150-822: The Legality Campaign in support of Goulart. The crisis was solved by the " parliamentary solution ", a political compromise in which Goulart would take office, but with reduced powers by turning Brazil into a parliamentary republic with a prime minister , which was filled by Tancredo Neves . Brazil returned to presidential government in 1963 after a referendum , and, as Goulart's powers grew, it became evident that he would seek to implement his "base reforms" such as land reform and nationalization of enterprises in various economic sectors. The reforms were considered Communist and Goulart sought to implement them regardless of assent from established institutions such as Congress. Goulart had low parliamentarian support, due to

2236-558: The NYSE and BM&F Bovespa stock exchanges. As of 2008 its NYSE-traded shares were American depositary receipts representing four BM&F Bovespa shares and it was partially owned by the Bozano Group (11.10%), Previ (16.40%), Sistel (7.40%), Dassault Aviation (2.1%), EADS (2.1%), Thales (2.1%), Safran (1.1%), and the government of Brazil (0.3% and golden share ), the remainder being publicly traded. As of December 31, 2014

2322-611: The National Liberation Action and the 8th October Revolutionary Movement were suppressed, and military operations undertaken to finish the Araguaia Guerrilla War . The "ideological frontiers" of Brazilian foreign policy were reinforced. By the end of 1970, the official minimum wage went down to US$ 40 a month, and the more than one-third of Brazilian workforce which had their wages tied to it lost about 50% of its purchasing power in relation to

2408-627: The 1960 levels of the Juscelino Kubitschek administration. Nevertheless, Médici was popular, as his term was met with the largest economic growth of any Brazilian president as the Brazilian Miracle unfolded and the country won the 1970 World Cup . In 1971 Médici presented the First National Development Plan aimed at increasing the rate of economic growth, especially in remote Northeast and

2494-470: The 1962 municipal elections, and had encouraged the plotters; many extra U.S. military and intelligence personnel were operating in four U.S. Navy oil tankers and the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal , in an operation code-named Brother Sam . These ships had positioned off the coast of Rio de Janeiro in case rebel Brazilian troops required military assistance during the 1964 coup. A document from Gordon in 1963 to U.S. president John F. Kennedy also describes

2580-460: The Amazon. The results of his economic policy consolidated the option for the national-development model. Because of these results, the country's foreign economic connections were transformed, allowing its international presence to be broadened. In November 1970 federal, state, and municipal elections were held. Most of the seats were won by ARENA candidates. In 1973, an electoral college system

2666-1219: The Armed Forces was evidenced by the Proclamation of the Republic , which overthrew the Brazilian Empire , or within tenentism (lieutenants' movement) and the Revolution of 1930 . Tensions escalated again in the 1950s, as important military circles (the "hard-liners", old positivists whose origins could be traced back to the Brazilian Integralist Action and the Estado Novo ) joined the elite and middle classes, and right-wing activists in attempts to prevent presidents Juscelino Kubitschek and João Goulart from taking office due to their supposed support for Communism. While Kubitschek proved to be friendly to capitalist institutions, Goulart promised far-reaching reforms, expropriated business interests, and promoted economical-political neutrality with

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2752-505: The Brazilian Army, 97 military and civilians were killed by terrorist and guerrilla actions made by leftist groups during the same period. In a 2014 report by Brazil's National Truth Commission, which documented the human rights abuses of the military government, it was noted that the United States "had spent years teaching the torture techniques to the Brazilian military during that period". Retired general Ernesto Geisel (1974–79)

2838-537: The Church, landowners, businessmen, and the middle class called for a coup d'état by the Armed Forces to remove the government. The old "hard-line" army officers, seeing a chance to impose their economic program, convinced the loyalists that Goulart was a Communist menace. After the presidency of Juscelino Kubitschek, the right wing opposition elected Jânio Quadros , who based his electoral campaign on criticizing Kubitschek and government corruption. Quadros' campaign symbol

2924-590: The FAB. Most of them were withdrawn from service in 1992, replaced by the Enaer T-35 Pillán. As of 2009, only one T-23 is in flying conditions. Thirty others were sold in the civilian market. A total of 155 were built including prototypes by the time production finished in 1977. The T-23 suffered fatal accidents during spin training. The problem was solved after a crash in which an instructor described his stricken aircraft's responses to his control inputs all

3010-495: The Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The National Truth Commission was created in 2011 attempting to help the nation face its past and honor those who fought for democracy, and to compensate the family members of those killed or disappeared. Its work was concluded in 2014. It reported that under military regime at least 191 people were killed and 243 "disappeared". The total number of deaths probably measures in

3096-517: The Second Institutional act which purged Congress, removed objectionable state governors and expanded president's arbitrary powers at the expense of the legislative and judiciary branches. This gave him the latitude to repress the populist left but also provided the subsequent governments of Artur da Costa e Silva (1967–69) and Emílio Garrastazu Médici (1969–74) with a "legal" basis for their hard-line authoritarian rule. But this

3182-657: The United States. After Goulart suddenly assumed power in 1961, society became deeply polarized, with the elites fearing that Brazil would, like Cuba , join the Communist Bloc , while many thought that the reforms would greatly boost Brazil's growth and end its economical subservience with the U.S., or even that Goulart could be used to increase the popularity of the Communist agenda. Influential politicians, such as Carlos Lacerda and even Kubitschek, media moguls ( Roberto Marinho , Octávio Frias , Júlio de Mesquita Filho),

3268-531: The United States. The United States as bastion of anticommunism during the Cold War provided the ideology that the authoritarians used to justify their hold on power. Washington also preached liberal democracy, which forced the authoritarians to assume the contradictory position of defending democracy, while destroying it. Their concern for appearances caused them to abstain from personal dictatorship by requiring each successive general-president to hand over power to

3354-751: The air crisis initiated by the COVID-19 pandemic and by the 737 MAX groundings . In November 2020, Embraer announced that its loss for the third quarter of the year is $ 121 million due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the travel restrictions. In December 2019, Embraer and the Brazilian Air Force tackled the development of a light military transport aircraft . The Short Take Off Utility Transport (STOUT) would replace its 64 EMB-110 Bandeirante (average age of 38.3 years) and 19 EMB-120 Brasilia (average age of 26.5 years) with similar dimensions. Embraer

3440-436: The armed forces were nothing more than fantasy, and that the 1964 coup occurred without resistance, since "there was no resistance." Moreover, the Communist armed struggles only appeared after the implementation of the dictatorship, and not before it, and in fact never put Brazilian democracy at risk. The armed forces' officer corps was divided between those who believed that they should confine themselves to their barracks, and

3526-613: The auspices of the Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology . Beginning in the late 1960s, the firm manufactured a two-seat trainer for the Brazilian Air Force, the Aerotec Uirapuru . A small number were also built for the civilian market, and others were exported to other Latin American countries. By 1980, Aerotec's main business was producing components for Embraer. However, around this time,

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3612-409: The country, in self-proclaimed exile. In 1969 the 8th October Revolutionary Movement kidnapped Charles Burke Elbrick , the U.S. ambassador to Brazil. The resistance fighters demanded the release of imprisoned dissidents who were being tortured in exchange for Elbrick. The government responded by adopting more brutal measures of counter-insurgency , leading to the assassination of Carlos Marighella ,

3698-518: The coup, thousands of people were detained, while thousands of others were removed from their civil service or university positions. In 1968 there was a brief relaxation of the nation's repressive policies. Experimental artists and musicians formed the Tropicália movement during this time. However, some of the major popular musicians such as Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso , for instance, were arrested, imprisoned, and exiled. Chico Buarque left

3784-557: The dissolution of political parties and salary controls at the beginning of Castelo Branco's term. According to Vincent Bevins , the military dictatorship established in Brazil, the fifth most populous nation in the world, "played a crucial role in pushing the rest of South America into the pro-Washington, anticommunist group of nations." Brazil actively participated in the CIA -backed state terror campaign against left-wing dissidents known as Operation Condor . The argument used to justify

3870-481: The domestic market until 1975. While military aircraft made up the majority of Embraer's products during the 1970s and early 1980s, including the Embraer AT-26 Xavante and the Embraer EMB 312 Tucano , it debuted a regional airliner , the Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante , which made its first flight in 1968, and the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia , launched in 1985. Aimed at the export market, the EMB family

3956-412: The establishment of a military dictatorship in Brazil was the imminence of a "Communist threat" in 1964. The historian Rodrigo Patto Sá Motta  [ pt ] disputes the assertion that communism was of sufficient strength in Brazil to threaten the democratic system in 1964. In an interview, Motta stated that: If the political regime established in 1964 was popular and had the majority support of

4042-457: The fact that his centrist attempts to win support from both sides of the spectrum gradually came to alienate both. Over time, the president was forced to shift to the left of his mentor Getúlio Vargas and was forced to mobilize the working class and even the peasantry amid falling urban bourgeois support. On 1 April 1964, after a night of conspiracy, rebel troops led by general Olímpio Mourão Filho made their way to Rio de Janeiro , considered

4128-417: The first time the excesses committed by its agents during the dictatorship, including the torture and murder of political dissidents. In May 2018, the United States government released a memorandum, written by Henry Kissinger , dating back to April 1974 (when he was serving as Secretary of State ), confirming that the leadership of the Brazilian military regime was fully aware of the killing of dissidents. It

4214-537: The government while famous newspapers would fill in empty spaces left blank due to censored articles with random cake recipes, a way to indicate to the population that the content had been censored by the government. As early as 1964, the military government was already using the various forms of torture it devised systematically not only to gain information it used to crush opposition groups, but also to intimidate and silence any further potential opponents. This radically increased after 1968. While other dictatorships in

4300-478: The government who stayed in place during the transition to democracy. The law granted amnesty and impunity to any government official or citizen accused of political crimes during the dictatorship. Because of a certain "cultural amnesia" in Brazil, the victims have never garnered much sympathy, respect, or acknowledgement of their suffering. Work is underway to alter the Amnesty Law, which has been condemned by

4386-421: The greatest human rights abuses of the regime. During his government, persecution and torture of dissidents, harassment against journalists and press censorship became ubiquitous. The succession of kidnappings of foreign ambassadors in Brazil embarrassed the military government. The anti-government demonstrations and the action of guerrilla movements generated an increase in repressive measures. Urban guerrillas from

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4472-560: The hard-liners who regarded politicians as willing to turn Brazil to Communism. The victory of the hard-liners dragged Brazil into what political scientist Juan J. Linz called "an authoritarian situation". However, because the hard-liners could not ignore the counterweight opinions of their colleagues or resistance IN society, they were unable to institutionalize their agenda politically. In addition, they did not attempt to eliminate liberal constitutionalism because they feared disapproval of international opinion and damage to their alignment with

4558-557: The hundreds, not reaching but could be nearing one thousand, while more than 50,000 people were detained and 10,000 forced to go into exile. According to the Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Assistência Jurídica da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil , the "Brazilian death toll from government torture, assassination and 'disappearances' for 1964–81 was [...] 333, which included 67 killed in the Araguaia guerrilla front in 1972–74". According to

4644-435: The main cities of the country, the first free elections in 20 years were held for the national legislature in 1982. In 1985, another election was held, this time to indirectly elect a new president, being contested between civilian candidates for the first time since the 1960s and won by the opposition. In 1988, a new Constitution was passed and Brazil officially returned to democracy. Brazil's military government provided

4730-428: The market-leading Phenom 300 . As of May 2024, Embraer has delivered more than 8,000 aircraft, including 1,800 E-Jet planes. Seeking to develop a domestic aircraft industry, the Brazilian government under Getúlio Vargas ' Estado Novo made several investments in the aerospace industry during the 1940s and 1950s. However, it was not until 1969, following the establishment of the Brazilian military dictatorship after

4816-728: The midsize cabin category—and the Praetor 600 in the super midsize category. On April 19, 2007, Embraer announced it was considering the production of a twin-jet military transport. Work began in May 2009 with funding from the Brazilian Air Force. Correios , the Brazilian postal service, has shown interest in buying this aircraft. Using much of the technology developed for the Embraer 190, the C-390 would carry up to 23 tons of cargo and aims to replace Cold War -era cargo aircraft. While firm orders for

4902-399: The mild not-leftist opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) party. In the new Constitution of 1967 the name of the country was changed from United States of Brazil to the current Federative Republic of Brazil. Castelo Branco was succeeded to the presidency by general Artur da Costa e Silva who was a representative of the hard-line elements of the regime. On 13 December 1968 he signed

4988-615: The military intervention on the eve of the coup, later opposed the government and thus fell under heavy censorship. The management of all sectors of the country's communication was overseen by the Special Counsel of Public Relations ( Assessoria Especial de Relações Públicas ) created in the beginning of 1968, while censorship was institutionalized through the Higher Counsel of Censorship ( Conselho Superior de Censura ) later on that same year. The Higher Counsel of Censorship

5074-436: The military regime enacted a new, restrictive Constitution in 1967, and stifled freedom of speech and political opposition . The regime adopted nationalism , economic development , and anti-communism as its guidelines. The military coup was fomented by José de Magalhães Pinto , Adhemar de Barros , and Carlos Lacerda (who had already participated in the conspiracy to depose Getúlio Vargas in 1945), then governors of

5160-478: The political rights of those found guilty of subversion or misuse of public funds. On 11 April 1964, Congress elected the Army Chief of Staff, marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco as president for the remainder of Goulart's term. Castelo Branco had intentions of overseeing a radical reform of the political-economic system and then returning power to elected officials. He refused to remain in power beyond

5246-406: The population, why the hell did it need authoritarian mechanisms to stay in power?". And he adds: "Let us consider for a moment, just to construct hypothetical reasoning, that there was a serious communist threat and the military intervention aimed at defending democracy against totalitarianism (I reiterate that I consider such arguments unfounded). If so, what justification, then, for having installed

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5332-493: The populist era (1930–1964) and then to a moderate structuralism of 1964–80. Each of these structural changes forced a realignment in society and caused a period of political crisis. A period of right-wing military dictatorship marked the transition between the populist era and the current period of democratization. The Brazilian Armed Forces acquired great political clout after the Paraguayan War . The politicization of

5418-719: The production of structural parts, mechanical and hydraulic systems, agricultural crop-spraying aircraft , and customer training. The key trends of Embraer are (as at the financial year ending December 31): The company's headquarters and main production base are in São José dos Campos , São Paulo , Brazil . It also has production bases in the State of São Paulo at Botucatu , Eugênio de Melo (a district of São José dos Campos) and Gavião Peixoto . The company has offices in Beijing , Fort Lauderdale , Amsterdam , Singapore , and Washington, D.C. By December 2018, Embraer claimed to lead

5504-431: The regime's efforts to censor any and all pieces of media that could hurt the government, the population found ways to get around it as much as possible. Even though artists and journalists needed permission from the counsel to publish any piece of communication, they sometimes were able to surpass censorship barriers through unconventional ways. Musicians would rely on word play to publish songs with veiled criticisms towards

5590-634: The region at the time killed more people, Brazil saw the widespread use of torture, as it also had during the Estado Novo of Getúlio Vargas. Vargas's enforcer Filinto Müller has been named the "patron of torturers" in Brazil. Advisors from the United States and United Kingdom trained Brazilian forces in interrogation and torture. To extinguish its left-wing opponents, the dictatorship used arbitrary arrests, imprisonment without trials, kidnapping, and most of all, torture, which included rape and castration. The book Torture in Brazil provides accounts of only

5676-481: The remainder of Goulart's term or to institutionalize the military in power. However, competing demands radicalized the situation. Military hard-liners wanted a complete purge of left-wing and populist influences while civilian politicians obstructed Castelo Branco's reforms. The latter accused him of hard-line actions to achieve his objectives, and the former accused him of leniency. On 27 October 1965, after victory of opposition candidates in two state elections, he signed

5762-522: The same year he passed the Amnesty Law for political crimes committed for and against the regime. While combating the "hardliners" inside the government and supporting a redemocratization policy , Figueiredo could not control the crumbling economy , chronic inflation and concurrent fall of other military dictatorships in South America. Amid massive popular demonstrations on the streets of

5848-412: The shareholders with more than 5% of the company's capital were: In the mid-1990s, the company pursued a product line focused on small commercial airplanes over the military aircraft that had previously made up the majority of its manufacturing. It soon expanded to the production of larger regional airliners in the 70–110 seat range, and smaller business jets . By May 2019, Embraer considered developing

5934-586: The states of Minas Gerais , São Paulo , and Guanabara , respectively. The U.S. State Department supported the coup through Operation Brother Sam and thereafter supported the regime through its embassy in Brasília . The dictatorship reached the height of its popularity in the early 1970s with the so-called " Brazilian Miracle ", even as the regime censored all media, and tortured, killed and exiled dissidents. João Figueiredo became president in March 1979; in

6020-477: The sub 150 seat jetliner market with 100 operators of the ERJ and E-Jet families. The numbers include military versions of commercial aircraft. Total delivered-backlog-options as of June 30, 2007: 862-53-131 145 Family, 256-399-719 170/190 Family Military dictatorship in Brazil The military dictatorship in Brazil ( Portuguese : ditadura militar ) was established on 1 April 1964, after

6106-517: The theme of red danger (communists) to increase the climate of panic. What is certain is that on leaving the HQs the Armed Forces unbalanced the situation and promoted the overthrow of Goulart, so their role was essential in the coup. The Intercept reported that the asserted threat of Jango's "guerrillas", the weapons in possession of the Peasant Leagues , and the communist infiltrations into

6192-537: The way in which the political tensions had been controlled in the 1930s and 1940s during the Vargas Era . Vargas' dictatorship and the presidencies of his democratic successors marked different stages of Brazilian populism (1930–1964), an era of economic nationalism, state-guided modernization , and import substitution trade policies. Vargas' policies were intended to foster an autonomous capitalist development in Brazil, by linking industrialization to nationalism ,

6278-467: The ways João Goulart should be put down, and his fears of a communist intervention supported by the Soviets or by Cuba . Washington immediately recognized the new government in 1964, and hailed the coup as one of the "democratic forces" that had allegedly staved off the hand of international communism. American mass media outlets such as Henry Luce 's Time magazine also gave positive remarks about

6364-765: The yet-to-be-produced KC-390 transport had not yet been made in the fall of 2010, Argentina asked for six examples and several other South American nations also expressed interest. Brazil and Canada engaged in an international, adjudicated trade dispute over government subsidies to domestic plane-makers in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The World Trade Organization determined that both countries had provided illegal subsidies to what were supposed to be privately owned industries. Brazil ran an illegal subsidy program, Proex, benefiting its national aviation industry from at least 1999–2000, and Canada illegally subsidized its indigenous regional airliner industry including in export contracts, comprising Bombardier Aerospace . On July 5, 2018,

6450-507: Was elected to the presidency with Médici's approval in 1974, a year after the oil crisis . Geisel was a well-connected army general and former president of Petrobras . There had been intense behind-the-scenes maneuvering by the hard-liners against him, but also by the more moderate supporters of Castelo Branco in his support. Geisel's older brother, Orlando Geisel, was the Minister of Army, and his close ally, general João Batista Figueiredo,

6536-488: Was a broom, with which he would "sweep away the corruption". In his brief tenure as president, Quadros made moves to resume relations with Socialist countries and approved controversial laws, but without legislative support, he could not follow his agenda. In the last days of August 1961, Quadros tried to break his impasse with Congress by resigning from the presidency, apparently with the intention of being reinstated by popular demand. Quadros' vice president, João Goulart,

6622-481: Was a key policy of the economically liberal government of Fernando Collor , elected in the 1989 presidential election . Embraer was sold to private investors on December 7, 1994, which helped it avoid a looming bankruptcy. The Brazilian government retained interest through possession of golden shares , which allow it veto power. Embraer continued to win government contracts throughout the 2000s and 2010s. In 2000, Embraer made simultaneous initial public offerings on

6708-543: Was a member of the Brazilian Labour Party and had been active in politics since the Vargas Era. At that time, Brazil's president and vice president were elected from different party tickets. With Quadros' resignation, the high ranking military ministers tried to prevent Goulart, who was on a trip to China, from assuming the presidency, accusing him of being a Communist. The military's actions triggered

6794-442: Was chief of Médici's military staff. Once in power, Geisel adopted a more moderate stance with regard to political opposition than his predecessor Médici. Although not immediately understood by civilians, Ernesto Geisel's accession signaled a move toward a less oppressive rule. He replaced several regional commanders with trusted officers and labeled his political programs " abertura " (opening) and distensão (decompression), meaning

6880-442: Was dependent on and alternated between the so-called "moderates" (" moderados" ) and "hard-liners" (" linha dura" ) in power. The most aggressive set of repressive measures took place during the period between 1968 and 1978, called the "Years of Lead" ( Anos de Chumbo ). The repressive characteristic of the regime, however, was present in Brazilian society throughout the military rule. The mainstream media, initially cooperating with

6966-465: Was established and in January 1974 general Ernesto Geisel was elected to be the next president. João Goulart's fall worried many citizens. Many students, Marxists, and workers formed groups that opposed military rule. A minority of these adopted direct armed struggle, while most supported political solutions to reverse the mass suspension of human rights in the country. In the first few months after

7052-542: Was introduced in 2008 and is the basis of the larger Phenom 300 . The midsize Legacy 450 and Legacy 500 were jointly developed as clean sheet designs, while the Lineage 1000 is a VIP version of the E190 . In 2016, Embraer delivered its 1,000th executive jet and had a market share of 17% by volume, though it lacked an ultra-long-range large cabin jet. In October 2018 Embraer announced two new business jets—the Praetor 500 in

7138-411: Was killed. After the military coup, the new government put forward a series of measures to strengthen its rule and weaken the opposition. The complex structure of the state's repression reached several areas of Brazilian society, and involved the implementation of measures of censorship, persecutions, and violations of human rights. The systematic repression during this period in the Brazilian history

7224-620: Was overseen by the Ministry of Justice, which was in charge of analyzing and revising decisions put forward by the director of the Federal Police department. The ministry was also responsible for establishing guidelines and norms to implement censorship at local levels. Institutionalized censorship affected all areas of communication in Brazilian society: newspaper, television, music, theater, and all industries related to mass communication activities, including marketing companies. Despite

7310-576: Was the first in a series of highly successful small and regional airliners. In addition to its own line of aircraft, beginning in 1974, Embraer was licensed by the United States' Piper Aircraft to develop, produce, and market its light airplanes, as Brazil was one of the world's leading importers of small single- or twin-engine aircraft. Piper first put together knock-down kits in its U.S. factory for Embraer to then assemble and market in Brazil and Latin America. By 1978, most parts and components were being sourced by Embraer locally. The aircraft were sold as

7396-601: Was unclear whether the aircraft would be rebranded as Boeing models. On November 18, 2019, Boeing and Embraer announced another joint venture, at 49% and 51% respectively, to promote and develop new markets for the C-390 Millennium tactical transport aircraft; the resulting entity would be called Boeing Embraer – Defense and would begin operating after regulatory approvals and closing conditions. In April 2020, Boeing canceled its acquisition of Embraer's commercial operations after being heavily affected financially by

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