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Emperor Suinin

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Emperor Suinin ( 垂仁天皇 , Suinin-tennō ) , also known as Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto ( 活目入彦五十狭茅天皇 ) was the 11th legendary Emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession . Less is known about Suinin than his father, and likewise he is also considered to be a "legendary emperor". Both the Kojiki , and the Nihon Shoki (collectively known as the Kiki ) record events that took place during Suinin's alleged lifetime. This legendary narrative tells how he ordered his daughter Yamatohime-no-mikoto to establish a new permanent shrine for Amaterasu (the Sun Goddess), which eventually became known as the Ise Grand Shrine . Other events that were recorded concurrently with his reign include the origins of Sumo wrestling in the form of a wrestling match involving Nomi no Sukune .

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40-519: Suinin's reign is conventionally considered to have been from 29 BC to AD 70. During his alleged lifetime, he fathered seventeen children with two chief wives (empress) and six consorts. One of his sons became the next emperor upon his death in 70 AD, but the location of his father's grave (if any) is unknown. Suinin is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto tomb ( misasagi ) at Nishi-machi, Amagatsuji, Nara City . The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and

80-473: A memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Nishi-machi, Amagatsuji, Nara City . The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Suinin's mausoleum , and is formally named Sugawara no Fushimi no higashi no misasagi . While the Ise Grand Shrine is traditionally said to have been established in the 1st century BC, other dates in the 3rd and 4th centuries have also been put forward for

120-575: A location in Ise , where she established Naiku , the Inner Shrine. She is said to have chosen the location after she heard the voice of Amaterasu say; "(Ise) is a secluded and pleasant land. In this land I wish to dwell." Amaterasu had previously been enshrined and worshipped in Kasanui, which was set up by Suinin's father in an attempt to alleviate a devastating plaque. The Kojiki records that during

160-513: A mausoleum (misasagi) for Suinin is currently maintained. There remains no conclusive evidence though that supports this historical figure actually reigning. The following information available is taken from the pseudo-historical Kojiki and Nihon Shoki , which are collectively known as Kiki ( 記紀 ) or Japanese chronicles . These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and/or distorted over time. The records state that Suinin

200-706: A very important son named "Prince Ōsu" ( Yamato Takeru ), who was in possession of the Kusanagi when he died. This treasure was later moved to Atsuta Shrine , and is now a part of the Imperial Regalia of Japan . There is a possibility that Keikō actually lived or reigned in the 4th century AD rather than the 1st, but more information is needed to confirm this view. Keikō's reign is conventionally considered to have been from 71 to 130 AD. During his alleged lifetime, he fathered at least 80 children with two chief wives (empress) and nine consorts. One of his sons became

240-585: A very important son named "Prince Ōsu" ( Yamato Takeru ), who was in possession of the Kusanagi when he died. This treasure was later moved to Atsuta Shrine , and is now a part of the Imperial Regalia of Japan . There is a possibility that Keikō actually lived or reigned in the 4th century AD rather than the 1st, but more information is needed to confirm this view. Keikō's reign is conventionally considered to have been from 71 to 130 AD. During his alleged lifetime, he fathered at least 80 children with two chief wives (empress) and nine consorts. One of his sons became

280-410: Is also known to have an exaggerated lifespan which is unlikely to be factual. The consecutive reigns of the emperors began to be compiled in the 8th century, and it is thought that age gaps were "filled up" as many lacunae were present. For comparison, verified ages in the 110s have since been documented and recorded as the "oldest in the world". While the actual site of Keikō's grave is not known,

320-410: Is also known to have an exaggerated lifespan which is unlikely to be factual. The consecutive reigns of the emperors began to be compiled in the 8th century, and it is thought that age gaps were "filled up" as many lacunae were present. For comparison, verified ages in the 110s have since been documented and recorded as the "oldest in the world". While the actual site of Keikō's grave is not known,

360-602: The Nihon Shoki as 纒向珠城宮 ) at Makimuku in what later became Yamato Province . Suinin is best known for events that surround the founding of the Ise Grand Shrine . The Nihon Shoki states that around 2,000 years ago the Emperor ordered his daughter Yamatohime-no-mikoto , to find a permanent location to worship the goddess Amaterasu -ōmikami (the Sun Goddess). Yamatohime searched for 20 years before settling on

400-686: The next emperor upon his death in 130 AD, but the location of Keikō's grave (if any) is unknown. Keikō is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto tomb ( misasagi ) at Nara . The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Keiko is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the pseudo-historical Kojiki and Nihon Shoki , which are collectively known as Kiki ( 記紀 ) or Japanese chronicles . These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and/or distorted over time. The records state that Keikō

440-686: The next emperor upon his death in 130 AD, but the location of Keikō's grave (if any) is unknown. Keikō is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto tomb ( misasagi ) at Nara . The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Keiko is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the pseudo-historical Kojiki and Nihon Shoki , which are collectively known as Kiki ( 記紀 ) or Japanese chronicles . These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been exaggerated and/or distorted over time. The records state that Keikō

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480-514: The Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Nara . The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Keikō's mausoleum , and is formally named Yamanobe no michi no e no misasagi . Outside of the Kiki , the reign of Emperor Kinmei ( c.  509 – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates. The conventionally accepted names and dates of

520-464: The Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Nara . The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Keikō's mausoleum , and is formally named Yamanobe no michi no e no misasagi . Outside of the Kiki , the reign of Emperor Kinmei ( c.  509 – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates. The conventionally accepted names and dates of

560-508: The Emperor's family consisted of 17 children with these variously ranked wives. Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE  / AD   Imperial Consort and Regent Empress Jingū is not traditionally listed. Emperor Keik%C5%8D Emperor Keikō ( 景行天皇 , Keikō-tennō ) , also known as Ootarashihikooshirowake no Sumeramikoto ( 大足彦忍代別天皇 ) and Ōtarashihiko-oshirowake no Mikoto ( 大帯日子淤斯呂和氣天皇 ) ,

600-439: The age of 143, and his son Prince Wakatarashihiko was enthroned as the next emperor the following year. Emperor Keikō is regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor" as there is insufficient material available for further verification and study. The name Keikō -tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations. His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Keikō, possibly during

640-439: The age of 143, and his son Prince Wakatarashihiko was enthroned as the next emperor the following year. Emperor Keikō is regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor" as there is insufficient material available for further verification and study. The name Keikō -tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations. His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Keikō, possibly during

680-486: The area and spread his territory. According to traditional sources, Yamato Takeru died in the 43rd year of Emperor Keiko's reign ( 景行天皇四十三年 ) . The possessions of the dead prince were gathered together along with the sword Kusanagi ; and his widow venerated his memory in a shrine at her home. Sometime later, these relics and the sacred sword were moved to the current location of the Atsuta Shrine . Emperor Keikō

720-424: The area and spread his territory. According to traditional sources, Yamato Takeru died in the 43rd year of Emperor Keiko's reign ( 景行天皇四十三年 ) . The possessions of the dead prince were gathered together along with the sword Kusanagi ; and his widow venerated his memory in a shrine at her home. Sometime later, these relics and the sacred sword were moved to the current location of the Atsuta Shrine . Emperor Keikō

760-420: The early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu between 737 and 806 AD. Emperor Keikō allegedly had a very large family which consisted of 2 wives, 9 concubines, and more than 80 children (51 of which are listed here). It is now questionable and open to debate though, if these numbers are genuine or not. Some of his listed children might actually be duplicates of

800-420: The early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu between 737 and 806 AD. Emperor Keikō allegedly had a very large family which consisted of 2 wives, 9 concubines, and more than 80 children (51 of which are listed here). It is now questionable and open to debate though, if these numbers are genuine or not. Some of his listed children might actually be duplicates of

840-513: The early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu between 737 and 806 AD. Emperor Suinin had two chief wives (aka Empress), it is recorded in the Kiki that the first empress was named Saho. Not much is known about her other than that her father was Emperor Kaika 's son and she allegedly died sometime in 34 AD. As with the first empress there is also not much known about Suinin's second chief wife Hibasu. She

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880-454: The establishment of Naikū and Gekū respectively. The first shrine building at Naikū was allegedly erected by Emperor Tenmu (678–686), with the first ceremonial rebuilding being carried out by his wife, Empress Jitō , in 692. Outside of the Kiki, the reign of Emperor Kinmei ( c.  509  – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates. The conventionally accepted names and dates of

920-459: The lifetime ascribed to Suinin, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the imperial dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki . Suinin's longevity was also written down by later compilers, who may have unrealistically extended his age to fill in time gaps. While the actual site of Suinin's grave is not known, the Emperor is traditionally venerated at

960-453: The origin of Sumai ( Sumo wrestling ). Meanwhile, Emperor Suinin's family grew to consist of 17 children with eight variously ranked wives. One of his consorts named Kaguya-hime-no-Mikoto , is mentioned in the Kojiki as a possible basis for the legend of Kaguya-hime regarding the couple's love story. Emperor Suinin died in 70 AD at the age of 138, and his son Prince Ootarashihikoosirowake

1000-449: The reign of Emperor Tenmu ( c.  673  – 686 AD). There were other events during Suinin's reign as well that include an Asama Shrine tradition regarding Mount Fuji . The earliest veneration of Konohanasakuya-hime at the base of the mountain was said to be during the 3rd year of Emperor Suinin's reign. The Nihon Shoki also records a wrestling match in which Nomi no Sukune and Taima no Kehaya held during his era, as

1040-503: The reign of Emperor Suinin, the first Saiō (High Priestess) was appointed for Ise Grand Shrine . This recording is also noted by Jien , who was a 13th-century historian and poet. This remains disputed though, as the Man'yōshū (The Anthology of Ten Thousand Leaves) states that the first Saiō to serve at Ise was Princess Ōku . If the latter is true then it would date the Saiō appointments to

1080-505: The same person. The size of Keikō's family also could have been exaggerated over time through legends and word of mouth stories. Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE  / AD   Imperial Consort and Regent Empress Jingū is not traditionally listed. Emperor Keik%C5%8D Emperor Keikō ( 景行天皇 , Keikō-tennō ) , also known as Ootarashihikooshirowake no Sumeramikoto ( 大足彦忍代別天皇 ) and Ōtarashihiko-oshirowake no Mikoto ( 大帯日子淤斯呂和氣天皇 ) ,

1120-596: The throne in 71 AD, coming a year after his father's death. Accounts in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki are split when it comes to initial territorial expansion during Emperor Keikō's reign. In the Kojiki , the Emperor is said to have sent his son "Prince Ōsu" ( Yamato Takeru ) to Kyūshū to conquer local tribes. Alternatively, the Nihon Shoki records that he went there himself and won battles against local tribes. Both sources agree that Keikō later sent Yamato Takeru to Izumo Province , and eastern provinces to conquer

1160-537: The throne in 71 AD, coming a year after his father's death. Accounts in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki are split when it comes to initial territorial expansion during Emperor Keikō's reign. In the Kojiki , the Emperor is said to have sent his son "Prince Ōsu" ( Yamato Takeru ) to Kyūshū to conquer local tribes. Alternatively, the Nihon Shoki records that he went there himself and won battles against local tribes. Both sources agree that Keikō later sent Yamato Takeru to Izumo Province , and eastern provinces to conquer

1200-515: The time in which legends about the origins of the imperial dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki . There is a possibility that Keikō's era was in the 4th century AD rather than the 1st. This period is concurrent with the Kentoshi having an audience with the Tang Emperor, more evidence is needed though to make any conclusions. Like his father before him, Keikō

1240-399: The time in which legends about the origins of the imperial dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki . There is a possibility that Keikō's era was in the 4th century AD rather than the 1st. This period is concurrent with the Kentoshi having an audience with the Tang Emperor, more evidence is needed though to make any conclusions. Like his father before him, Keikō

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1280-462: Was born sometime in 13 BC, and was given the name "Otarashihiko-no-mikoto". He was the 3rd son of Emperor Suinin , and his second empress wife " Hibasu-hime  [ ja ] ". Otarashihiko-no-mikoto was allegedly chosen as crown prince over his elder brother based on a casual question on what they both had wished for. In the former's case he said "The Empire" while his elder brother said "Bow and arrows". Otarashihiko-no-mikoto later ascended to

1320-462: Was born sometime in 13 BC, and was given the name "Otarashihiko-no-mikoto". He was the 3rd son of Emperor Suinin , and his second empress wife " Hibasu-hime  [ ja ] ". Otarashihiko-no-mikoto was allegedly chosen as crown prince over his elder brother based on a casual question on what they both had wished for. In the former's case he said "The Empire" while his elder brother said "Bow and arrows". Otarashihiko-no-mikoto later ascended to

1360-431: Was born sometime in 69 BC, and was the third son of Emperor Sujin . Suinin's empress mother was named Mimaki-hime , who is also former Emperor Kōgen 's daughter. Before he was enthroned sometime in 29 BC, his pre-ascension name was Prince Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto . He appears to have ascended the throne a year before his father's death in 30 BC, and ruled from the palace of Tamaki-no-miya ( 師木玉垣宮 , and in

1400-464: Was enthroned as the next emperor the following year. Emperor Suinin is regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor" as there is insufficient material available for further verification and study. Unlike Emperor Sujin , there is less known about Suinin to possibly support his existence. In either case (fictional or not), the name Suinin -tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations. His name might have been regularized centuries after

1440-401: Was recorded as 10 feet 2 inches (310 cm), who had at least 80 children from multiple wives. This claim would put him into the category of gigantism if verified, although as with other aspects it was more than likely exaggerated . Other than Yamato Takeru , at least three of Keikō's children were ancestors of notable clans. According to tradition, emperor Keikō died in 130 AD at

1480-401: Was recorded as 10 feet 2 inches (310 cm), who had at least 80 children from multiple wives. This claim would put him into the category of gigantism if verified, although as with other aspects it was more than likely exaggerated . Other than Yamato Takeru , at least three of Keikō's children were ancestors of notable clans. According to tradition, emperor Keikō died in 130 AD at

1520-422: Was the 12th legendary Emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession . Both the Kojiki , and the Nihon Shoki (collectively known as the Kiki ) record events that took place during Keikō's alleged lifetime. Keikō was recorded as being an exceptionally tall emperor who had a very large family. During his reign he sought to expand territorial control through conquest of local tribes. He had

1560-422: Was the 12th legendary Emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession . Both the Kojiki , and the Nihon Shoki (collectively known as the Kiki ) record events that took place during Keikō's alleged lifetime. Keikō was recorded as being an exceptionally tall emperor who had a very large family. During his reign he sought to expand territorial control through conquest of local tribes. He had

1600-410: Was the daughter Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi, who was Prince Hikoimasu's son and Emperor Kaika 's grandson. Hibasu's third son later became known as Emperor Keikō (the next emperor), she allegedly died sometime in 61 AD. Suinin also had six named consorts with an additional one remaining unknown. Prince Tanba-no-Michinoushi (previously mentioned), was also the father to three of Suinin's consorts. In all

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