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61-494: Entropia uses a micropayment business model, in which players may buy in-game currency (PED - Project Entropia Dollars) with real money that can be redeemed back into U.S. dollars at a fixed exchange rate of 10:1. This means that virtual items acquired within Entropia Universe have a real cash value, and a participant may, at any time, initiate a withdrawal of their accumulated PED back into U.S. dollars according to

122-510: A Document type declaration (informally, a "doctype"). In browsers, the doctype helps to define the rendering mode—particularly whether to use quirks mode . The original purpose of the doctype was to enable the parsing and validation of HTML documents by SGML tools based on the Document type definition (DTD). The DTD to which the DOCTYPE refers contains a machine-readable grammar specifying

183-903: A QR code ) that redirects to the iDeal payment system which is used by most banks in the Netherlands. If the payer has a banking app for any Dutch bank on his mobile device, the Tikkie link can open the banking app directly. Alternatively, the payment can be made in a web browser. Payment requests are generated by an Apple or Android mobile app and payment requests are typically sent via messaging systems like WhatsApp or Telegram. In 2017 there were 1 million users and 150 000 payment requests per week. By 2018, Tikkie reported 2 million users and 440 000 payment requests per week. By 2019, there were about 5 million users, with 200 000 payment requests per day. 50% of Tikkie payment requests are honoured within 1 hour, and 80% are paid within 24 hours. In 2017,

244-485: A Pay-Per-Use alternative to flat fee paid subscriptions as a solution to consumer subscription fatigue. Dropp provides an alternative monetization model to digital merchants while maintaining complete privacy for consumer transactions. Dropp's fee is 5 cents for a $ 1 transaction, with an average fee of 1% + 25 cents on all transactions above $ 5. Dropp is currently supported on mobile and web browsers and has Shopify and WordPress user plugins for accepting micropayments. Flattr

305-405: A club named "Club Neverdie" for $ 635,000 ; this property was sold in chunks, with the largest sold for $ 335,000 . The game has been described as dedicated to capitalism rather than quality of gameplay, and connecting the in-game labor with real world profits, in which sense it can be seen as a spiritual precursor to the play to earn model. The game can be played for free, but spending money on

366-466: A joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes of 1990, Berners-Lee listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used"; an encyclopedia is the first entry. The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising

427-451: A pair is the start tag , and the second is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags ). Another important component is the HTML document type declaration , which triggers standards mode rendering. The following is an example of the classic "Hello, World!" program : The text between < html > and </ html > describes the web page, and

488-423: A programming language. Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for its appearance. HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into

549-408: A restaurant variant whereby the restaurant sends payment requests to the individual people at the table. Tikkie is free for private transactions (even for users of other banks, since Dutch banks typically charge annual banking fees instead of per-transaction fees), but there is a transaction cost for business clients. A Tikkie payment request consists of a generated hyperlink (which may be encoded as

610-425: A start tag) and do not use an end tag. Many tags, particularly the closing end tag for the very commonly used paragraph element < p > , are optional. An HTML browser or other agent can infer the closure for the end of an element from the context and the structural rules defined by the HTML standard. These rules are complex and not widely understood by most HTML authors. The general form of an HTML element

671-596: A user can give input/s like: Comments: Comments can help in the understanding of the markup and do not display in the webpage. There are several types of markup elements used in HTML: Most of the attributes of an element are name–value pairs , separated by = and written within the start tag of an element after the element's name. The value may be enclosed in single or double quotes, although values consisting of certain characters can be left unquoted in HTML (but not XHTML). Leaving attribute values unquoted

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732-478: Is a Dutch payment system in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, run by the ABN AMRO bank. It is available to anyone with a Dutch bank account and a Dutch, Belgian or German phone number. It was originally marketed as a way to share costs between friends, e.g. when sharing a ride or at a restaurant or buying movie tickets, but there is now also a business variant for e.g. paying toll fees or congestion charges, and

793-571: Is a micropayment system (more specifically, a microdonation system) which launched in August 2010. Actual bank transactions and overhead costs are involved only on funds withdrawn from the recipient's accounts. Jamatto is a micropayments and microsubscriptions system that allows websites and publishers to accept payments as small as 1¢ by modifying just their HTML source code Jamatto is in use by newspapers across three continents. A service provided by TIMWE , M-Coin allows users to make micropayments on

854-464: Is considered unsafe. In contrast with name-value pair attributes, there are some attributes that affect the element simply by their presence in the start tag of the element, like the ismap attribute for the img element. There are several common attributes that may appear in many elements : The abbreviation element, abbr , can be used to demonstrate some of these attributes: This example displays as HTML ; in most browsers, pointing

915-456: Is for HTML5. If a declaration is not included, various browsers will revert to " quirks mode " for rendering. HTML documents imply a structure of nested HTML elements . These are indicated in the document by HTML tags , enclosed in angle brackets thus: < p > . In the simple, general case, the extent of an element is indicated by a pair of tags: a "start tag" < p > and "end tag" </ p > . The text content of

976-487: Is impractical when transacting such small sums even if the transaction fee is just a few cents. There are a number of different definitions of what constitutes a micropayment. PayPal defines a micropayment as a transaction of less than £5 while Visa defines it as a transaction under 20 Australian dollars. The term was coined by Ted Nelson , long before the invention of the World Wide Web . Initially, this

1037-401: Is therefore: < tag attribute1 = "value1" attribute2 = "value2" > ''content'' </ tag > . Some HTML elements are defined as empty elements and take the form < tag attribute1 = "value1" attribute2 = "value2" > . Empty elements may enclose no content, for instance, the < br /> tag or

1098-424: Is used as a unique user identifier, and must have been registered at a Swedish bank. A smartphone app is used to send money, but any cell phone can be used as a receiver. The lowest permitted payment is 1 SEK (around 0.09 EUR) and the highest is 10,000 (around 950 EUR), although 150,000 SEK can be transferred if the transaction is preregistered in the internet bank. The fee is generally zero for private people, but when

1159-531: Is used to display video and audio, primarily using the < canvas > element, together with JavaScript. In 1980, physicist Tim Berners-Lee , a contractor at CERN , proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE , a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet -based hypertext system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and CERN data systems engineer Robert Cailliau collaborated on

1220-589: The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification, the "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan Connolly , which included an SGML Document type definition to define the syntax. The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the NCSA Mosaic browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting

1281-434: The de facto web standard for some time. HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called tags (and their attributes ), character-based data types , character references and entity references . HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like < h1 > and </ h1 > , although some represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example < img > . The first tag in such

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1342-468: The online game . Current systems either allow many micropayments but charge the user's phone bill one lump sum or use funded wallets. Dropp is a micropayments platform that allows consumers and merchants to make and accept payments as low as $ 0.01 for physical or digital goods and services. Dropp accepts both FIAT and cryptocurrencies: the US dollar, AED, HBAR, and USDC. Dropp's platform is designed to provide

1403-539: The "evolution of core systems, such as hunting, mining and crafting" and the "migration of items and value currently present in Entropia Universe" ensuring that the game's economic and item-based systems are preserved and integrated into the updated game client. Micropayment A micropayment is a financial transaction involving a very small sum of money and usually one that occurs online. A number of micropayment systems were proposed and developed in

1464-537: The HTML tags but use them to interpret the content of the page. HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript , which affects the behavior and content of web pages. The inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and current maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997. A form of HTML, known as HTML5 ,

1525-456: The IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes. Similarly, Dave Raggett 's competing Internet Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms. After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group. In 1995, this working group completed "HTML 2.0",

1586-405: The Internet for amounts as low as one cent". An early attempt at making micropayments work, iPIN was a 1998 venture-capital -funded startup that provided services that allowed purchasers to add incremental micropayment charges to their existing bill for Internet services. Debuting in 1999, its service was never widely adopted. Millicent, originally a project of Digital Equipment Corporation ,

1647-515: The Internet. In the late 1990s, established companies like IBM and Compaq had microtransaction divisions, and research on micropayments and micropayment standards was performed at Carnegie Mellon and by the World Wide Web Consortium . IBM's Micro Payments was established c.  1999 , and were it to have become operational would have "allowed vendors and merchants to sell content, information, and services over

1708-414: The Internet. It featured pre-paid accounts from which micropayment charges could be drawn. NetBill was initially absorbed by CyberCash in 1997 and ultimately taken over by PayPal. The term micropayment or microtransaction is sometimes attributed to the sale of virtual goods in online games , most commonly involving an in-game currency or service bought with real world money and only available within

1769-420: The Internet. The user's phone bill is then charged by the mobile network operator. PayPal MicroPayments is a micropayment system that charges payments to user's PayPal account and allows transactions of less than US$ 12 to take place. As of 2013, the service is offered in selected currencies only. The PayPal charge for a micropayment from a U.S. account is a flat five cents per transaction plus five percent of

1830-596: The XML syntax for HTML and is no longer being developed as a separate standard. On 28 May 2019, the W3C announced that WHATWG would be the sole publisher of the HTML and DOM standards. The W3C and WHATWG had been publishing competing standards since 2012. While the W3C standard was identical to the WHATWG in 2007 the standards have since progressively diverged due to different design decisions. The WHATWG "Living Standard" had been

1891-473: The attribute value itself. If document authors overlook the need to escape such characters, some browsers can be very forgiving and try to use context to guess their intent. The result is still invalid markup, which makes the document less accessible to other browsers and to other user agents that may try to parse the document for search and indexing purposes for example. Escaping also allows for characters that are not easily typed, or that are not available in

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1952-403: The average payment request was EUR 12. By 2018, the average payment request was EUR 27.50. A sender may send no more than EUR 750 and a recipient may receive no more than EUR 2500 per Tikkie. The domain name used by Tikkie is Tikkie.me instead of Tikkie.nl. In the Netherlands, it is unusual for companies to use non-NL domain names, and with Tikkie using a Montenegro domain name contributed to

2013-574: The browser, and these characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of CSS . Many of the text elements are mentioned in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 Techniques for using SGML , which describes the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the RUNOFF command developed in the early 1960s for the CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System) operating system. These formatting commands were derived from

2074-433: The characters < and & (when written as &lt; and &amp; , respectively) to be interpreted as character data, rather than markup. For example, a literal < normally indicates the start of a tag, and & normally indicates the start of a character entity reference or numeric character reference; writing it as &amp; or &#x26; or &#38; allows & to be included in

2135-441: The characters of the world's writing systems. HTML defines several data types for element content, such as script data and stylesheet data, and a plethora of types for attribute values, including IDs, names, URIs , numbers, units of length, languages, media descriptors, colors, character encodings, dates and times, and so on. All of these data types are specializations of character data. HTML documents are required to start with

2196-451: The commands used by typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely print effects, with separate structure and markup. HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS. Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML. It was formally defined as such by

2257-539: The content of an element or in the value of an attribute. The double-quote character ( " ), when not used to quote an attribute value, must also be escaped as &quot; or &#x22; or &#34; when it appears within the attribute value itself. Equivalently, the single-quote character ( ' ), when not used to quote an attribute value, must also be escaped as &#x27; or &#39; (or as &apos; in HTML5 or XHTML documents ) when it appears within

2318-664: The cursor at the abbreviation should display the title text "Hypertext Markup Language." Most elements take the language-related attribute dir to specify text direction, such as with "rtl" for right-to-left text in, for example, Arabic , Persian or Hebrew . As of version 4.0, HTML defines a set of 252 character entity references and a set of 1,114,050 numeric character references , both of which allow individual characters to be written via simple markup, rather than literally. A literal character and its markup counterpart are considered equivalent and are rendered identically. The ability to " escape " characters in this way allows for

2379-589: The document's character encoding , to be represented within the element and attribute content. For example, the acute-accented e ( é ), a character typically found only on Western European and South American keyboards, can be written in any HTML document as the entity reference &eacute; or as the numeric references &#xE9; or &#233; , using characters that are available on all keyboards and are supported in all character encodings. Unicode character encodings such as UTF-8 are compatible with all modern browsers and allow direct access to almost all

2440-445: The element, if any, is placed between these tags. Tags may also enclose further tag markup between the start and end, including a mixture of tags and text. This indicates further (nested) elements, as children of the parent element. The start tag may also include the element's attributes within the tag. These indicate other information, such as identifiers for sections within the document, identifiers used to bind style information to

2501-539: The fictional Planet Calypso, the 2001 version used the NetImmerse 4 game engine. On May 20, 2002, the Commercial Open Trial began, and the game was available to the public. With Version Update 4.2 on 28 January 2003, the game was considered " Gold ". In 2022, the developers of Entropia Universe began development work on the migration to Unreal Engine 5. The migration to Unreal Engine 5 will include

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2562-439: The first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based. Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). In 2000, HTML became an international standard ( ISO / IEC 15445:2000). HTML 4.01

2623-535: The fixed exchange rate, minus transaction fees. The Entropia Universe is a direct continuation of Project Entropia. Entropia Universe entered the Guinness World Records Book in both 2004 and 2008 for the most expensive virtual world objects ever sold. In 2009, a virtual space station, a popular destination, sold for $ 330,000 . This was then eclipsed in November 2010 when Jon Jacobs sold

2684-412: The head, for example: HTML headings are defined with the < h1 > to < h6 > tags with H1 being the highest (or most important) level and H6 the least: The effects are: CSS can substantially change the rendering. Paragraphs: < br /> . The difference between < br /> and < p > is that < br /> breaks a line without altering

2745-644: The in-game currency allows significant additional options like purchasing items, skills, deeds/shares, and services from other players. Nearly all of the main in-game activities require expendable resources which must be purchased. Items can also be crafted for use or for sale to other players. In 1995, development of Entropia Universe (formerly Project Entropia ) was started by two different groups - one in Sweden headed by Jan Welter Timkrans and one in Switzerland , headed by Benny Iggland. Initially taking place on

2806-483: The initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by SGMLguid , an in-house Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4. HTML is a markup language that web browsers use to interpret and compose text, images, and other material into visible or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of HTML markup are defined in

2867-402: The inline < img > tag. The name of an HTML element is the name used in the tags. The end tag's name is preceded by a slash character, / , and that in empty elements the end tag is neither required nor allowed. If attributes are not mentioned, default values are used in each case. Header of the HTML document: < head > ... </ head > . The title is included in

2928-452: The late 1990s, there was a movement to create microtransaction standards , and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) worked on incorporating micropayments into HTML even going as far as to suggest the embedding of payment-request information in HTTP error codes . The W3C has since stopped its efforts in this area, and micropayments have not become a widely used method of selling content over

2989-437: The mid-to-late 1990s, all of which were ultimately unsuccessful. A second generation of micropayment systems emerged in the 2010s. While micropayments were originally envisioned to involve very small sums of money, practical systems to allow transactions of less than US$ 1 have seen little success. One problem that has prevented the emergence of micropayment systems is a need to keep costs for individual transactions low, which

3050-483: The permitted and prohibited content for a document conforming to such a DTD. Browsers, on the other hand, do not implement HTML as an application of SGML and as consequence do not read the DTD. HTML5 does not define a DTD; therefore, in HTML5 the doctype declaration is simpler and shorter: An example of an HTML 4 doctype This declaration references the DTD for the "strict" version of HTML 4.01. SGML-based validators read

3111-412: The presentation of the document, and for some tags such as the < img > used to embed images, the reference to the image resource in the format like this: < img src = "example.com/example.jpg" > Some elements, such as the line break < br /> do not permit any embedded content, either text or further tags. These require only a single empty tag (akin to

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3172-514: The receiver is an organisation e.g. sports club or company, there is fee of 2 SEK, which is considered significant if a sports club sells coffee and cookies at an event. Swish has become popular, with 50% of the Swedish population registered as users in 2016. Similar apps with zero fee for small instant private transactions, Vipps and MobilePay have become popular in Norway and Denmark. Tikkie

3233-538: The rendered page. HTML provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links , quotes, and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags , written using angle brackets . Tags such as < img > and < input > directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as < p > and </ p > surround and provide information about document text and may include sub-element tags. Browsers do not display

3294-471: The semantic structure of the page, whereas < p > sections the page into paragraphs . The element < br /> is an empty element in that, although it may have attributes, it can take no content and it may not have an end tag. This is a link in HTML. To create a link the < a > tag is used. The href attribute holds the URL address of the link. There are many possible ways

3355-545: The success of some phishing attacks. Blendle is an online news platform that aggregates articles from a variety of newspapers and magazines and sells them on a pay-per-article basis, leading Nieman Lab to describe it as a "micropayments-for-news pioneer". It operates in the Netherlands, Germany and the US. In 2019, five years after its launch, it announced that it would change its business model away from micropayments to premium subscriptions. Nieman Lab commented that "micropayments keep not panning out". Zong mobile payments

3416-517: The text between < body > and </ body > is the visible page content. The markup text < title > This is a title </ title > defines the browser page title shown on browser tabs and window titles and the tag < div > defines a division of the page used for easy styling. Between < head > and </ head > , a < meta > element can be used to define webpage metadata. The Document Type Declaration <!DOCTYPE html>

3477-483: The transaction (as compared with PayPal's normal 2.9% and 30 cents for larger sums). Swish is a payment system between bank accounts in Sweden. It is designed for small instant transactions between people, instead of using cash (cash has largely dropped in use in Sweden since 2010), but is also used by small businesses such as sports clubs that don't want to deal with the cost of a credit card reader. A cell phone number

3538-478: Was a micropayment system that charged payments to users' mobile phone bills. The company was acquired by eBay and integrated with PayPal in 2011. HTML Hypertext Markup Language ( HTML ) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser . It defines the content and structure of web content . It is often assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript,

3599-681: Was a micropayment system that was to support transactions from as small as 1/10 of a cent up to $ 5.00. It grew out of The Millicent Protocol for Inexpensive Electronic Commerce, which was presented at the 1995 World Wide Web Conference in Boston , but the project became associated with Compaq after that company purchased Digital Equipment Corporation. The payment system employed symmetric cryptography . The NetBill electronic commerce project at Carnegie Mellon university researched Distributed transaction processing systems and developed protocols and software to support payment for goods and services over

3660-513: Was conceived as a way to pay the various copyright holders of a compound work. Micropayments, on the Web, were initially devised as a way of allowing the sale of online content and as a way to pay for very low cost network services. They were envisioned to involve small fractions of a cent, as little as US$ 0.0001 to a few cents. Micropayments would enable people to sell content on the Internet and would be an alternative to advertising revenue. During

3721-515: Was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), which became a joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and was completed and standardized on 28 October 2014. XHTML is a separate language that began as a reformulation of HTML 4.01 using XML 1.0. It is now referred to as

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