36-529: Endell Street , originally known as Belton Street, is a street in London's West End that runs from High Holborn in the north to Long Acre and Bow Street , Covent Garden , in the south. A long tall narrow building on the west side is an 1840s-built public house, the Cross Keys, Covent Garden . Endell Street is crossed only by Shorts Gardens and Shelton Street. Betterton Street intersects between these on
72-847: A book titled Women as Army Surgeons: Being the History of the Women's Hospital Corps in Paris (1920) . The book's dedication reads, "To Louisa Garrett Anderson / Bold, cautious, true and my loving companion." Lack of funding eventually led to the closure of the Roll of Honour Hospital, and also the retirement of both Murray and Anderson. They moved to a cottage in Paul End, in Penn , Buckinghamshire . Murray suffered from cancer and died on 28 July 1923, aged 54. Her death occurred shortly after her surgery in
108-457: A hospital run successfully by British women, and the hospital was soon treated as a British auxiliary hospital rather than a French one. In addition to the hospital in Paris, the Women's Hospital Corps also ran another military hospital in Wimereux . In January 1915, casualties began to be evacuated to England for treatment. The War Office invited Murray and Anderson to return to London to run
144-613: A large hospital, the Endell Street Military Hospital (ESMH), under the Royal Army Medical Corps . ESMH treated almost 50,000 soldiers between May 1915 and September 1919 when it closed. After the war ended, Murray returned to Harrow Road hospital which was renamed Roll of Honour Hospital, where she continued her work as a private practitioner. Her diary about her experiences of the War became
180-513: A member in the 1911 census protest, and using her medical knowledge and skill to treat her fellow suffragettes who experienced injuries through their work as activists. She looked after Emmeline Pankhurst and other hunger-strikers after their release from prison and campaigned with other doctors against the forcible feeding of prisoners. In 1912 she founded the Women's Hospital for Children at 688 Harrow Road with Louisa Garrett Anderson . It provided health care for working-class children of
216-759: A nursing home in Hampstead, London . Her lifelong partner was by her side. Murray left everything to Anderson in her will. Murray is buried at the Holy Trinity Church at Penn, Buckinghamshire , near the couple's former home. While Anderson was later cremated and her ashes scattered over the South Downs, a shared tombstone memorialises both women. To the dear love of comrades and in memory of Flora Murray CBE, MD, BS Durham, DPH. Cambridge Daughter of Com John Murray RN Murraythwaite, Dumfriesshire Born 8 May 1869 Died 26 July 1923 She commanded
252-485: A supporter of Women's Social and Political Union. She also became a consistent participant in the militant movement, offering her services as a practitioner including at the Pembroke Gardens nursing home for suffragettes recovering from force-feeding, run by Nurses Catherine Pine and Gertrude Townend . She took a leadership role and showed her value as an activist by speaking at public gatherings, becoming
288-775: A three-light stained-glass window. The Post-modern artwork, which references the building's original function as a stained glass studio, was commissioned as part of the 1981 refurbishment of the building, undertaken by architects Rock Townsend. The artwork was part-funded by the British Crafts Council , and fabricated in Germany under Clarke’s supervision. It was installed in 1981, and was notably designed to be equally visually effective both by night and by day, making graphic use of complex leading, and deploying different types of mouth-blown glass to particular effect. The Cross Keys public house at No.31, constructed 1848–49,
324-496: Is a Grade II listed building. The nineteenth-century Latchfords Timber Yard and attached timber sheds at No.61 are Grade II listed. The Swiss Protestant Church at No.79 was designed by George Vulliamy and built 1853–4. It is also Grade II listed. The watercolour painter William Henry Hunt was born at "8 Old Belton Street" (No. 7) in 1790. Founded in 1749, this maternity hospital was built at No.24 in 1849; it closed in 1913. Founded in 1898, this urology hospital took over
360-563: Is believed to have been named after the Reverend James Endell Tyler, rector of St Giles in the Fields in the 1840s. The British Lying-In Hospital was relocated to a purpose-built building on Endell Street in 1849. There are eight listed buildings of the street, including: The Jewell and Withers Building at 22 Endell Street is a Grade II listed building . Located on the corner of Betterton Street and Endell Street,
396-537: The City of London in the east, and the City of Westminster in the west. Over time they came to form the centre of modern London, although each kept its own distinct character and its separate legal identity (for example, the City of London has its own police force and is a distinct county ). The City of London became a centre for the banking, financial, legal and professional sectors, while Westminster became associated with
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#1732787135843432-637: The City of Westminster wards is called " West End ". This electoral unit includes some of the most prosperous areas of the borough, including Soho , Mayfair and parts of southern Marylebone . The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 10,575. The West End is laid out with many notable public squares and circuses. London Underground stations in the West End include: 51°30′48″N 0°07′43″W / 51.51333°N 0.12861°W / 51.51333; -0.12861 Flora Murray Flora Murray CBE (8 May 1869 – 28 July 1923)
468-485: The City around Holborn , Seven Dials , and Covent Garden contained poorer communities that were cleared and redeveloped in the 19th century. As the West End is a term used colloquially by Londoners and is not an official geographical or municipal definition, its exact constituent parts are up for debate. Westminster City Council 's 2005 report Vision for the West End included the following areas in its definition: Covent Garden , Soho , Chinatown , Leicester Square ,
504-670: The French were in need of medical assistance, they offered their assistance to the French Red Cross. The French accepted their offer and provided them the space of a newly built hotel in Paris as their hospital. Flora Murray was appointed Médecin-en-Chef (chief physician) and Anderson became the chief surgeon. Murray reported in her diary that visiting representatives of the British War Office were astonished to find
540-502: The West End ) is a district of Central London , London, England, west of the City of London and north of the River Thames , in which many of the city's major tourist attractions, shops, businesses, government buildings and entertainment venues, including West End theatres , are concentrated. The term was first used in the early 19th century to describe fashionable areas to the west of Charing Cross . The West End covers parts of
576-526: The area, and gave women doctors their only opportunity to gain clinical experience in paediatrics in London; the hospital's motto was Deeds not Words . When the First World War broke out, Murray and her partner Dr Louisa Garrett Anderson founded the Women's Hospital Corps (WHC), and recruited women to staff it. Believing that the British War Office would reject their offer of help, and knowing that
612-689: The attention of the police almost straight away and in August local residents complained "It's absolutely a sink of iniquity." The club was raided on 25 August, with men arrested. Their trial at Bow Street Magistrates' Court caused a sensation reported in the News of the World . In July 2024, a property developer proposed that a rainbow plaque be added to the Endell Street site, now known as The Sail Loft. The Hospital Club opened in 2003 at No.24 to serve
648-477: The boroughs of Westminster and Camden . While the City of London is the main financial district in London, the West End is the main commercial and entertainment centre of the city. It is the largest central business district in the United Kingdom. It is one of the most expensive locations in the world in which to rent commercial and office space. Medieval London comprised two adjacent cities –
684-407: The districts falling within the West End are Mayfair , Soho , Covent Garden , Fitzrovia and Marylebone . By this definition, the West End borders Temple , Holborn and Bloomsbury to the east, Regent's Park to the north, Paddington , Hyde Park and Knightsbridge to the west, and Victoria and Westminster to the south. Other definitions include Bloomsbury within the West End. One of
720-602: The eastern side. The northern end of the street is in the London Borough of Camden , the south in the City of Westminster . The street is an avenue with very tall, mature plane trees, widely spaced; it now equals the B401 (which had included Bow and Wellington Streets) and is one-way, southbound. The land on which the southern part of Endell Street is built was originally owned by William Short, who leased it to Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox , in 1623–24. Lennox House
756-408: The huge debt of gratitude we owe to those early agitators who refused to accept the limitations imposed by a society that didn't believe women could or should be doctors, physicians and surgeons. “Then and now, we embrace the pioneers, the innovators, and the game-changers." The banknote came third in the 2023 'world's most beautiful banknote' contest, with the image of Murray on the reverse side, in
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#1732787135843792-420: The leisure, shopping, commerce, and entertainment sectors, the government, and home to universities and embassies . The modern West End is closely associated with this area of central London. Lying to the west of the historic Roman and medieval City of London, the West End was long favoured by the rich elite as a place of residence because it was usually upwind of the smoke drifting from the crowded City. It
828-770: The members of London's media and creative industries. It was on the site of the former St Paul's Hospital. It was used by the rock band Radiohead to record parts of their 2007 album In Rainbows and the 2008 live video In Rainbows – From the Basement . In 2020, the club closed permanently owing to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other "extenuating circumstances". [REDACTED] Media related to Endell Street, London at Wikimedia Commons 51°30′52″N 0°07′28″W / 51.51442°N 0.12441°W / 51.51442; -0.12441 London%27s West End The West End of London (commonly referred to as
864-454: The military hospital Endall Street London with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel RAMC 1915 -1919 God gave her the strength to lead, to pity and to heal And of her friend Louisa Garrett Anderson C.B.E., M.D., Chief Surgeon Women's Hospital Corps 1914–1919 Daughter of James George Skelton Anderson and Elizabeth Garrett Anderson of Aldeburgh, Suffolk. Born 28 July 1873 Died 15 November 1943 WE HAVE BEEN GLORIOUSLY HAPPY In April 2022, it
900-477: The polychromatic brick-and-stone Gothic Revival structure, cited as an early example of the style, was designed as a studio for the stained-glass firm Lavers and Barraud in 1859, and is included, together with the attached cast-iron railings, on the National Heritage register. The crow-step gable, facing Betterton Street, has a significant contemporary artwork by painter Brian Clarke , in the form of
936-489: The premises at No.24 after the British Lying-In Hospital closed; St Paul's Hospital closed in 1992. During the first world war a military hospital operated from No.36, staffed entirely by women. The hospital was opened in 1915 by suffragists Dr Flora Murray and Dr Louisa Garrett Anderson and treated 24,000 patients and carried out more than 7,000 operations. It closed in 1919. The basement of No.81
972-490: The seventeenth century, Queen Anne is supposed to have bathed in the waters from a medical spring there at a site known as Queen Anne's Bath. The modern Endell Street was created according to the reforming plans of architect James Pennethorne . Charles Lethbridge Kingsford states that the street was built in 1846 when Belton Street was widened and extended northwards to Broad Street (now in High Holborn). The street
1008-539: The shopping streets of Oxford Street , Regent Street and Bond Street , the area encompassing Trafalgar Square , the Strand and Aldwych , and the district known as Theatreland . The Edgware Road to the north-west and the Victoria Embankment to the south-east were also covered by the document but were treated as "adjacent areas" to the West End. According to Ed Glinert's West End Chronicles (2006)
1044-450: Was a Scottish medical pioneer, and a member of the Women's Social and Political Union suffragettes . From 1914 to the end of her life, she lived with her partner and fellow doctor Louisa Garrett Anderson . Murray was born on 8 May 1869 at Murraythwaite, Dumfries , Scotland, the daughter of Grace Harriet Murray (née Graham) and John Murray, a landowner and Royal Navy captain. Murray
1080-643: Was a medical officer at the Belgrave Hospital for Children in London and then an anaesthetist at the Chelsea Hospital for Women . In 1905 The Lancet published an article that she authored on the use of anaesthetic in children, titled Ethyl chloride as an anaesthetic for children . Murray's hand in women's suffrage first started when she became a participant and activist of Millicent Fawcett 's National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies . She then continued her work in women's suffrage as
1116-495: Was announced that Murray would appear on the 'reverse side' of the new polymer £100 banknote to be issued by Bank of Scotland to highlight her work in medicine and in women's rights. The note will feature a portrait of Murray by Francis Dodd . The chief executive of the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust noted that "Almost a century since her death, Flora's story is a reminder of
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1152-544: Was built on the site which eventually passed to Sir John Brownlow who began to build from 1682. Belton Street was created, named after the Brownlow's country seat in Lincolnshire, Belton House . Henry Wheatley writes that the southern end of the street from Castle Street to Short's Gardens was originally known as Old Belton Street, the northern end from Short's Gardens to St Giles , was known as New Belton Street. In
1188-500: Was close to the royal seat of power at the Palace of Westminster (now home to parliament ), and is largely contained within the City of Westminster (one of the 32 London boroughs ). Following initial development by Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans in the 1660s, during the late 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, it was built as a series of palaces, expensive town houses, fashionable shops and places of entertainment. The areas closest to
1224-866: Was crucial in her writing of her MD thesis called 'Asylum Organization and Management' (1905). She completed her medical education at Durham University , receiving her MB BSc in 1903, and MD in 1905. She received a Diploma in Public Health from the University of Cambridge in 1906. During her time in Scotland, Murray lived in Edinburgh with Dr Elsie Inglis , founder of the Scottish Women's Hospitals movement. Historians such as Hamer and Jennings have argued that Murray had her "first serious lesbian relationship" with Elsie Inglis. In 1905 Murray
1260-530: Was home from July 1934 to the Caravan Club, which advertised itself as "London's Greatest Bohemian Rendezvous said to be the most unconventional spot in town", code for being gay-friendly. The club helpfully promised "All night gaiety". It was run by Jack Rudolph Neaves , known as Iron Foot Jack on account of the metal leg brace he wore, and was frequented by both gay men and lesbian women. It was financed by small-time criminal Billy Reynolds. The club came to
1296-828: Was the fourth of six children. Murray attended school in Germany and London before attending the London Hospital in Whitechapel in 1890, as a probationer nurse, for a six-month course. Murray decided on her career in medicine and went on to study in the London School of Medicine for Women in 1897. She then worked as a Medical assistant for 18 months at an asylum at the Crichton Royal Institution in Dumfriesshire . This experience
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