58-457: The Energy Institute (EI) is a professional organization for engineers and other professionals in energy-related fields. The EI was formed in 2003 by the merger of the Institute of Petroleum (dating back to 1913) and the Institute of Energy (dating back to 1925). It has an international membership of about 20,000 people and 200 companies. Its main office is at 61 New Cavendish Street, London. EI
116-502: A bachelor's or master's degree in engineering or technology from a university are allowed to practice as consulting engineers—They must be licensed or registered with municipalities in order to submit public plans, designs or drawings for approval and record. The Institution of Engineers (India) was granted British Royal Charter in 1935 and admits engineers holding the above degrees as a corporate member (AMIE) or chartered engineer [India]: CEng [India]. IE(India) also offers registration as
174-539: A diploma or master's degree. They are also holding full engineering positions as systems engineers, integration engineers, test engineers, QA engineers, etc. State-certified engineer, business manager and designer levels are now a level 6–Bachelor on DQF and EQF, as of Jan. 31, 2012. The following top representatives and agents institutions were involved: federal government (Federal Ministry for Education and Research, Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology), standing conference and economic ministerial meeting of countries,
232-426: A licensed engineer is a process that varies around the world but generally requires a four-year engineering degree and four years of engineering experience. In some regions, use of the term "engineer" is regulated, in others it is not. Where engineering is a regulated profession, there are specific procedures and requirements for obtaining a registration, charter or license to practice engineering. These are obtained from
290-640: A national member of Engineers Europe (previously named the European Federation of National Engineering Associations (FEANI)). Engineers Europe includes representation from many European countries, including much of the European Union . Engineers Europe lobbies and strives to establish the EUR ING as a guarantee of competence for professional engineers. It is not a government or supranational (European Union) authority, but recognized by
348-543: A part in loss of human life. An engineering licence provides the public with the assurance that qualified persons are doing or overseeing engineering work. An unlicensed worker or manager has no specific liability, as this is borne by the employer through tort law or engineering legislation, and there is no regulatory authority to enforce acceptable engineering practice in relation to the work. In cases of gross negligence, an engineering firm may not be considered vicariously liable for an individual engineer's offence. Becoming
406-730: A professional engineer (PE [India]) and international professional engineer (PE [Int'l]) to member-engineers having seven years of active practical engineering experience after achieving their degrees. IE(India) is a member of IPEA (International Professional Engineers Agreement) with bilateral agreements with many national, foreign and international engineering institutions. Many municipalities exempt chartered engineers (PE[India] or PE [Int'l]) from their licenser or registration, by reciprocity ( comity ). All such consulting engineers must be licensed, registered or chartered regardless of their discipline or area of practice. In Iran , registration or licensure of professional engineers and engineering practice
464-454: A series of specific exams organized by the government. Registered engineers must pass two levels of rigorous exams. Whether design documents or drawings need to be signed by registered engineers depends on provinces or cities. To qualify, candidates must complete two levels of exams. The first level is an 8-hour close-book basic knowledge exam, covering coures of undergraduate engineering degrees. After passing this exam, participants can take
522-422: A specific professional body (a professional association , such as a particular medical society). It can also be achieved by trade unionism , and most especially craft unionism as contrasted with industrial unionism , in countries where sufficient union membership (as a percentage of workers in an occupation) can be achieved despite the prevailing gradient of union busting . What this means in practical terms,
580-679: A standard Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) written examination, which tests applicants on breadth of understanding of basic engineering principles and, optionally, some elements of an engineering speciality. Accumulate a certain amount of engineering experience requirement is at least four years. Complete a written Principles and Practice in Engineering (PE) examination, which tests the applicant's knowledge and skills in their chosen engineering discipline ( civil , electrical , industrial , mechanical , computer , etc.), as well as engineering ethics. In Pakistan , engineering education and profession
638-501: A technical college and it is also granted by an international organization with headquarters in Germany, the " BVT ", Federal Association of Higher Professions for Technology, Economy and Design ( Bundesverband höherer Berufe der Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung e.V. ). Techniker certificates have been grouped on the same level as academic bachelor's degrees in national (DFQ) and European Qualifications Framework (EFQ). A member of
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#1732773409969696-688: A three-year term as president in July 2022. The EI has several categories of membership from student to fellow, and also has corporate members. Membership is required in order to go through the professional licensing procedures the organization supervises. The official journal of EI is the Journal of the Energy Institute which is published by Elsevier. EI also publishes two membership magazines, Energy World and Petroleum Review . Chartered Engineer Regulation and licensure in engineering
754-675: Is a registered charity with a Royal Charter. In the United Kingdom, EI has the authority to establish professional registration for the titles of Chartered Engineer , Incorporated Engineer, and Engineering Technician, as a licensed member institution of the Engineering Council . It is also licensed by the Society for the Environment to award Chartered Environmentalist status. In 2003 the Institute of Petroleum and
812-486: Is allowed to use the job title of an engineer. Today (2023) the number of engineers with the academic title Diplom-Ingenieur , with or without a suffix, is on the decline. Germany adopted the Bologna Process and changed to a bachelor/master system with the respective academic titles. Only very few universities still provide diploma degree courses and grant an academic title with the word engineer ( Ingenieur ) in
870-406: Is also possible. Engineering chambers are self-governed and provide services for their members. "State-certified engineer" (German: staatlich geprüfter Techniker ) is a European Union qualification for a professional engineering technologist (not to be confused with an engineering technician or "Dipl.-Ing"). The certificate is granted to engineering technologists upon successful completion of
928-422: Is concerned, licensed engineers are trusted by the government and the public to perform the task in a competent manner. In various parts of the world, licensed engineers may use a protected title such as professional engineer , chartered engineer , or simply engineer . It is often illegal for a practicing engineer to jeopardize public safety in any way. This means that an engineer must hold herself or himself to
986-404: Is established by various jurisdictions of the world to encourage life, public welfare, safety, well-being, then environment and other interests of the general public and to define the licensure process through which an engineer becomes licensed to practice engineering and to provide professional services and products to the public. As with many other professions and activities, engineering
1044-608: Is governed by Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (Iran) . For standardization, FE and PE exams are written and graded by a central organization, the National Organization for Examination and Training (NOET) which is known as Sanjesh in Persian . Requirements for licensing are as follows: Graduate from accredited four-year college or university program with a degree in engineering (e.g., Bachelor of Engineering , Bachelor of Science in Engineering . Complete
1102-548: Is not regulated, but certain engineering titles are. There is no system for licensing, but registers are held of qualified persons. The Engineering Council is the UK regulatory body for its engineering profession. It holds the national registers of 235,000 engineers registered as EngTech (engineering technicians), ICTTech (information and communications technology technicians), IEng (incorporated engineers) and CEng (chartered engineers). These titles are fully protected under law by means of
1160-402: Is often a restricted activity. Relatedly, jurisdictions that license according to particular engineering discipline define the boundaries of each discipline carefully so that practitioners understand what they are competent to do. A licensed engineer takes legal responsibility for engineering work, product or projects (typically via a seal or stamp on the relevant design documentation) as far as
1218-415: Is placed before rather than after the name as in the case of a post-nominal title such as those for academic degrees. However, this clashes with the practice in some EU countries where academic degrees are also pre-nominal. Ultimately national law, not the EUR ING certificate from Engineers Europe , defines if an engineering degree and usually an engineering professional qualification from one member country
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#17327734099691276-532: Is recognized by another. For EU member states, Directive 2005/36/EC is the legal framework and must be implemented in national law. Another association in Europe is the Eureta . The professional title "Ing. EurEta" is used as a pre-nominal (similar to Dr. or Prof). An engineer registered with EurEta "European Higher Engineering and Technical Professionals Association" is called an "EurEta Registered Engineer," and has
1334-662: Is regulated at the federal level. Engineers recognized as registered engineer (RE) or professional engineer with PEC need not go through further process once they move to another province or territory within Pakistan. For structural engineers, registration with local building authority may be a further requirement depending upon the jurisdiction and local building code. Washington Accord : Pakistan gained Observer status in Washington Accord in 2009, Provisional member in 2010 and became Full signatory on 21 June 2017. Pakistan
1392-579: Is regulated by the Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) via PEC Act 1976. PEC is a federal government organization. Any person with an engineering degree ( BE/BS/BSc Engineering ) from PEC accredited universities/institutes is legally allowed to register with the Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) as a Registered engineer (RE). Previously, every engineering graduate registered with the PEC and at least five years of relevant work experience
1450-441: Is that an architect or physician , for example, will firstly be a university graduate in their main subject, second, will have passed entrance examinations to join a recognised professional body and thirdly, will also be licensed to practise medicine or architecture, usually also obtained through sitting examinations. Therefore, such professions are open only to those who satisfy these requirements and are closed to everyone else. It
1508-443: Is thus illegal for any other person to practice medicine or to pose as an architect. Occupational closure has both benefit and potential harm (to society), which must be counterbalanced. The benefit is that it ensures that the service provided by a profession to the public remains a high-quality service, with as few incompetents , quacks , charlatans , and scammers as it is humanly possible to prevent. The potential harm concerns
1566-467: The Melchett Award in his honour. In 1979 the organization became the Institute of Energy (IoE). The EI is a registered charity, formed to promote the science of energy and fuels in all applications for the public benefit. It is governed by its council, which has a president and vice-presidents. Juliet Davenport , founder and former CEO of renewable energy supplier Good Energy , was appointed to
1624-704: The National Society of Professional Engineers , has sought to extend a single professional license and code of ethics for all engineers, regardless of practice area or employment sector. China has two parallel systems for evaluating professional engineers, one as part of the "Professional Title" and the other as part of the "Occupation Qualification". Under the "Professional Title" system, engineers are divided into Assistant Engineer, Engineer, and Senior Engineer. Professional titles are awarded based on educational background, work experience, performance, participation in training programs, and awards received. Under
1682-431: The engineering council to practice. Failing to do so would result in an offence and can be convicted by a summary trial before a Magistrate with imprisonment period not exceeding one year and/or a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand rupees. The European Engineer (Eur Ing, EUR ING) is an international certificate for engineers used in many European countries. The certificate is granted after successful application to
1740-405: The "Occupation Qualification" system, engineers are classified by their specific profession, such as "Registered Architect," "Registered Structural Engineer," "Registered Civil Engineer," "Registered Electrical Engineer," "Registered Public Equipment Engineer," etc. To obtain a registered engineer title, in addition to having a certain amount of work experience in a specific profession, one must pass
1798-450: The BVT is entitled to use the initials "BVT" after his name. To achieve this qualification, it is required to complete a 42-month apprenticeship program, a minimum 2,400 hour college diploma in engineering or technology, two years of relevant experience and pass the state examination. The academic requirement to be a state-certified engineer is a degree equivalent to level 6 on EQF = bachelor on
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1856-768: The Confederation of German Employers' Associations, German Chambers of Industry and Commerce, German Trade Union Federation and the Federal Institute for Vocational Application. They agreed on a common position on the implementation of the EQF, as a German qualifications framework (DQR). " In general there is no restriction on the right to practise as an engineer in the UK. However there are a small number of areas of work, generally safety related, which are reserved by statute, regulations or industry standards to licensed or otherwise approved persons. " The title "engineer"
1914-479: The EU as an example of self-regulation. Because of that it can be problematic to add EUR ING to ones name in some states. Especially those who regulate the use of the term Engineer , abbreviations of it, and translations. And where the title Engineer can only be granted by recognized institutions (like universities). Of which Engineers Europe is none. The title EUR ING, if used, is supposed to be " pre-nominal ," i.e., it
1972-491: The Engineering Council's royal charter and bylaws. In order to protect these titles, action is taken through the courts against their unauthorized use. Occupational closure In sociology , an occupational closure (or professional demarcation ) is the process whereby a trade or occupation ( vocation ) transforms itself , or tries to transform itself , into a true profession by closing off entry to
2030-1133: The Engineering Practice Examination (EPE) conducted by the PEC. EPE is held by PEC biennially in major cities across the country. Those who pass the EPE are given the prestigious title of professional engineer (PE) in their specialized discipline of work. To improve the quality of engineering services, engineers with professional engineer (PE) status are also required to engage in CPD activities in order to be able to retain their PE license. CPD points are awarded for various developmental activities such as formal education (e.g. Postgraduate diploma , master or PhD), on-job experience, participating in conferences/workshops as audience, speaker or organizer, publications in technical journals, part-time teaching activities, serving as guest lecturer (other than full-time teaching) and serving as external examiner for master/PhD thesis. For CPD points system, upper limit of points has also been implemented to prevent abuse of
2088-507: The European Qualification Framework. A bachelor's (honours) degree in engineering or engineering technology from an accredited university is also equated to level 6 on EQF. A state-certified engineer is not required to complete a university degree. Before Jan. 31, 2012, a state-certified engineer certificate usually qualified the holder to proceed to bachelor's level education at a university of applied science. In
2146-509: The IPT named its Cadman Award in his honour. In 1938 the organization expanded to cover the oil and gas industry and was renamed The Institute of Petroleum (IP). The Institution of Fuel Economy Engineers was founded in 1925, and the Institution of Fuel Technology in 1926. The two merged in 1927 as the Institute of Fuel (IoF). The first president after the merger was Alfred Mond . The IoF named
2204-459: The Institute of Energy merged to form the Energy Institute. The offices of the Institute of Petroleum became the offices of the combined organization, and the offices of the Institute of Energy in London were closed. The Institute of Petroleum was formed in 1913 as The Institution of Petroleum Technologists (IPT). The first president was Boverton Redwood , and the second president was John Cadman ;
2262-436: The actual state of the infighting between universities and universities of applied sciences, universities of applied sciences granted the title with a suffix Diplom-Ingenieur (FH) . Around the same time the federal states ( Bundesländer ) established their own engineer laws, because in Germany education is a matter of regulation for the federal states, not the federal government. These laws are all very similar and describe who
2320-539: The authority to award IPE (IntPE) status to qualifying candidates. PEC developed the application framework and, since September 2020, began accepting applications through a dedicated IPEA portal on the PEC website. In Sri Lanka, the title "engineer" is not regulated. However, as per the Engineering Council Act No 4 of 2017 , all engineering practitioners in Sri Lanka needs to be registered with
2378-486: The authors of the pertinent codes of ethics used by some of these organizations. Engineers in private practice most often find themselves in traditional professional-client relationships in their practice. Engineers employed in government service and government-run industry are on the other side of that relationship. Despite the different focus, engineers in industry and private practice face similar ethical issues and reach similar conclusions. One American engineering society,
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2436-510: The engineering profession (e.g. guest lectures, publishing research, authoring a book and social work for engineers under recognized engineers' associations). To avoid confusion, PEC CPD Bye-Laws 2008 introduced the legal term "registered person". Registered person is a term distinct from registered engineer (RE). It is a blanket term used for all persons enrolled with PEC in any capacity – whether as registered engineers (RE) or professional engineers (PE). Mobility In Pakistan, engineering
2494-493: The government or a charter-granting authority acting on its behalf and engineers are subject to regulation by these bodies. In addition to licensure, there are voluntary certification programs for various disciplines which involve examinations accredited by the Council of Engineering and Scientific Specialty Boards. Due to occupational closure , licensed engineers enjoy significant influence over their regulation. They are often
2552-418: The highest level of technical and moral conduct reasonable or suffer litigation if an engineering system fails causing harm to the public, including maintenance technicians. Breaches of engineering law are often sufficient grounds for enforcement measures, which may include the suspension or loss of license and financial penalties. They may also include imprisonment, should gross negligence be shown to have played
2610-518: The job title or had to cease to use the title within a certain time frame. From that point on the typical ways to be allowed to use the job title engineer were to obtain the academic title of a diploma engineer Diplom-Ingenieur (abbreviated Dipl.-Ing. ) or doctor engineer (Phd, Dr.-Ing. ) from an academic institutions, or to obtain a graduated engineer title ( Ingenieur (grad.) ) from an engineering school or engineering academy. Earlier graduates from engineering schools or academies could continue to use
2668-408: The local engineering legislation is concerned. Regulations require that only a licensed engineer can sign, seal or stamp technical documentation such as reports, plans, engineering drawings and calculations for study estimate or valuation or carry out design analysis, repair, servicing, maintenance or supervision of engineering work, process or project. In cases where public safety, property or welfare
2726-476: The older diploma studies) at a German academic institution to use engineer as a job title. Also a lot of grandfather cases are covered, like engineers with a Ingenieur (grad.) title. Further, the laws of the states contain provisions for the authorities to grant persons who obtained their engineering degree or title from a foreign institution or otherwise the right to use the job title. With special provisions for EU member states. The state laws typically regard
2784-454: The past, this led to wide and controversial discussions between bachelor's and master's degrees engineers and state-certified engineers. Today, this is on the same level as a bachelor's degree. One can continue to study to a master's degree level to achieve SCE qualification. The academic requirements for qualification are similar to incorporated engineer qualification/registration by EC UK. State-certified engineers now assist engineers with only
2842-591: The problems of credentialism and educational inflation (forms of rent-seeking ) and even the creation of red tape –induced regional or nationwide staffing shortages . Although fighting against the potential harms is laudable and necessary, it cannot be done too aggressively without allowing the prevalence of quality lapses (poor service quality) and malpractice to rise. An optimal balance must be sought by administrators, regulators, and (in some cases) legislators. Occupational licensing can be anti-competitive and violate competition law . The origin of this process
2900-427: The profession to all but those people who are suitably qualified, as defined by the practitioners already practicing the occupation in any given jurisdiction. This can be achieved by licensure ( occupational licensing ) and professional certification , barring entry to all except those who have passed certain entrance examinations and grades of training , or by allowing entry only to those who have gained membership of
2958-472: The right to use this title in Europe. The use of the job title engineer ( Ingenieur in German ) was not regulated until the 8th of July 1965. It was estimated that at this point there were 105 000 Engineers with academic degrees, 225 000 engineers with an academy or engineering school degree, and 30 000 self-styled engineers. Self-styled engineers could apply for an exception to continue to use
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#17327734099693016-563: The second-level professional exam the following year. This professional exam is divided into multiple disciplines, such as structural, architectural, electrical, and mechanical. It tests candidates' ability to understand and apply relevant codes and standards. The exam is conducted over a weekend, with each day featuring a 6-hour session. The first day's exam focuses on code requirements, while the second day's exam involves questions about actual engineering cases, requiring references to equations and performing calculations. In India, engineers with
3074-726: The system and encourage balanced participation in various CPD activities. In case of on-job work experience which is the primary engagement of engineering profession, one CPD point is awarded for 400 hours of work. Upper limit of 2 credit points per year has been established for on-job work experience. Rewarding only 800 hours (~4 months full-time) of work per year has many benefits including inherent tolerance for bouts of unemployment, in-built allowance for sickness/disease/injury, discouraging workaholism, enabling full-time engineering teachers to gain relevant field experience with reduced time commitment (e.g. part-time consulting engagement) and encouraging participation in other CPD activities which further
3132-535: The title or in some cases could change their title to Ingenieur (grad.) . Mining schools were granting some engineer titles, too. In the 1970s German converted its engineering schools and academies into universities of applied sciences and founded new such universities. With this change the Ingenieur (grad.) was no longer granted. Instead universities of applied sciences awarded the academic title of diploma engineer Diplom-Ingenieur , too. Over time, and depending on
3190-511: The title. For a doctorate the Dr.-Ing. is still awarded. However, the use of the term Ingenieur continues to be protected even after the implementation of the bologna process. This also applies to translations and abbreviations. The group of people allowed to use the job title was actually widened. Typically since 2013 the engineer laws of the states allow persons who completed scientific or engineering studies of at least three years (e.g. bachelor, or
3248-542: The unauthorized use of the job title engineer as a misdemeanor. § 132a of the criminal code of Germany makes the unauthorized use of an academic degree title a criminal offense punishable by up to one year of imprisonment or a fine. Engineers offering certain engineering services need to be a member of an engineering chamber ( Ingenieurkammer ) by law. This is most commonly the case for freelance consulting ( Beratender Ingenieur ) activities in construction, but can also be required for other engineering work. A voluntary membership
3306-516: Was eligible for the title of professional engineer (PE) without any exam. To improve the quality of engineering profession, this two-tier system has been enhanced via PEC CPD Bye-Laws 2008. This system was realistically implemented starting 10 July 2010. Graduate engineers now enroll and practice as registered engineer (RE) in their general discipline of work. After at least five years of relevant work experience and accumulation of at least 17 CPD (Continued Professional Development) points, they may attempt
3364-622: Was the 19th signatory ever to achieve this status. IPEA & IntPE: Through clause 13 (h) of PEC CPD Bye-laws 2008, PEC was unilaterally honoring the Engineers Mobility Forum (EMF)/International Professional Engineers Agreement (IPEA) since 10 July 2010. An engineer already registered as a professional engineer with EMF/IPEA would be exempt from EPE & CPD points requirement and will be awarded professional engineer (PE) title on submission of application. On 29 June 2018, International Engineering Alliance (IEA) bestowed on PEC
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