92-616: Enniskillen Town Hall is a municipal structure in The Diamond in Enniskillen , County Fermanagh , Northern Ireland. The town hall, which is one of the meeting places of Fermanagh and Omagh District Council , is a Grade B+ listed building . The current building was commissioned to replace an earlier market house, financed by Sir William Cole, who was closely involved in the Plantation of Ulster , and completed in around 1618. In
184-508: A pediment with a coat of arms in the tympanum . In the north western corner of the building there was a six-stage tower with a copper dome . In the third stage of the tower there were niches containing stone statues of soldiers from two local-raised regiments: the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons and the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers . Internally, the principal room was the council chamber. The building served as
276-409: A grant of land to establish a settler town at Enniskillen . By 1622, a survey found that there were 6,402 British adult males on Plantation lands, of whom 3,100 were English and 3,700 Scottish – indicating a total adult planter population of around 12,000. However, another 4,000 Scottish adult males had settled in unplanted Antrim and Down, giving a total settler population of about 19,000. Despite
368-560: A means to confiscate land, when other means failed. The Plantation of Ulster was presented to James I as a joint "British", or English and Scottish, venture to 'pacify' and 'civilise' Ulster, with half the settlers to be from one country. James had been King of Scotland before he also became King of England and wanted to reward his Scottish subjects with land in Ulster to assure them they were not being neglected now that he had moved his court to London. Long-standing contacts between Ulster and
460-458: A result. Charles I subsequently raised an army largely composed of Irish Catholics, and sent them to Ulster in preparation to invade Scotland. The English and Scottish parliaments then threatened to attack this army. In the midst of this, Gaelic Irish landowners in Ulster, led by Felim O'Neill and Rory O'More , planned a rebellion to take over the administration in Ireland. On 23 October 1641,
552-674: A senior ladies' team, a range of male and female youth teams, a vibrant mini section and a disability tag team called The Enniskillen Elks. Enniskillen XV won the Ulster Towns Cup in the 2018/19 season, defeating Ballyclare 19–0. The team currently play in Kukri Ulster Rugby Championship Division 1. The rugby club was formed on 28 August 1925, when 37 attended a meeting in Enniskillen Town Hall. The name Enniskillen Rugby Club
644-414: A spread to unpopulated areas, through ports such as Derry and Carrickfergus. In addition, there was much internal movement of settlers who did not like the original land allotted to them. Some planters settled on uninhabited and unexploited land, often building up their farms and homes on overgrown terrain that has been variously described as "wilderness" and "virgin" ground. In 1612, William Cole received
736-594: Is Enniskillen Castle , built by Hugh (Maguire) the Hospitable who died in 1428. An earthwork, the Skonce on the shore of Lough Erne , may be the remains of an earlier motte . The castle was the stronghold of the junior branch of the Maguires . The first watergate was built around 1580 by Cú Chonnacht Maguire , though subsequent lowering of the level of the lough has left it without water. The strategic position of
828-416: Is 29.4 °C (84.9 °F) The absolute minimum temperature is −12.9 °C (8.8 °F), recorded during January 1984. In an 'average' year, the coldest night should fall to −8.2 °C (17.2 °F). Lough Navar is a frosty location, with some 76 air frosts recorded in a typical year. It is likely that Enniskillen town centre is significantly less frosty than this. The absolute minimum at St Angelo
920-519: Is high, averaging over 1500 mm. 212 days of the year report at least 1 mm of precipitation, ranging from 15 days during April, May and June, to 20 days in October, November, December, January and March. The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). Plantation of Ulster The Plantation of Ulster ( Irish : Plandáil Uladh ; Ulster Scots : Plantin o Ulstèr )
1012-488: Is operated by Bus Éireann . Bus service to Enniskillen is provided by both Ulsterbus and Bus Éireann , from Enniskillen bus station. Number 261, 261b and X261 Goldline buses run from Belfast to Enniskillen. Bus Éireann Route 30 runs from Donegal to Dublin Airport/Dublin City via Enniskillen. Enniskillen has a World War II -era airport, Enniskillen/St Angelo Airport . The airport had scheduled flights in
SECTION 10
#17327719040641104-484: Is −14.5 °C (5.9 °F), reported during the record cold month of December 2010. The warmest month on record at St Angelo was August 1995 with a mean temperature of 18.8 °C (65.8 °F) (mean maximum 23.3 °C (73.9 °F), mean minimum 12.9 °C (55.2 °F)), while the coldest month was December 2010, with a mean temperature of −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) (mean maximum 2.9 °C (37.2 °F), mean minimum −5.9 °C (21.4 °F)). Rainfall
1196-437: The 2011 Census . Enniskillen Castle was built in the 15th century as a stronghold of the Maguires , before coming under English control in the early 17th century. The castle and town were expanded during the Plantation of Ulster . It was the seat of local government for the former Fermanagh District Council , and is the county town of Fermanagh. The town is in a civil parish of the same name. The town's name comes from
1288-521: The Countess of Erne on 6 January 1901. The design involved a symmetrical main frontage with five bays facing onto the Townhall Street; the central bay, which slightly projected forward, featured a Doric order portico with heavy oak doors and a fanlight ; there was a balcony and a French door on the first floor with two pairs of Corinthian order pilasters supporting an entablature and
1380-577: The English administration attempted to undermine them. In 1607, O'Neill and his primary allies left Ireland to seek Spanish help for a new rebellion to restore their privileges, in what became known as the Flight of the Earls . King James issued a proclamation declaring their action to be treason , paving the way for the forfeiture of their lands and titles. A colonization of Ulster had been proposed since
1472-608: The Fermanagh & Western 1st Division. Their most notable former player is Michael McGovern who won 32 senior caps for Northern Ireland and as of January 2024 was on loan at Livingston F.C. from parent club Heart of Midlothian F.C. . Enniskillen Town United F.C. currently play their home games at St Michael's GS Pavilion in Enniskillen. Enniskillen Rugby Football Club was founded in 1925 and plays its home games at Mullaghmeen. The club currently fields 4 senior men's teams,
1564-666: The Irish : Inis Ceithleann . This refers to Cethlenn , a figure in Irish mythology who may have been a goddess. Local legend has it that Cethlenn was wounded in battle by an arrow and attempted to swim across the River Erne , which surrounds the island, but she never reached the other side, so the island was named in reference to her. It has been anglicised many ways over the centuries – Iniskellen , Iniskellin , Iniskillin , Iniskillen , Inishkellen , Inishkellin , Inishkillin , Inishkillen and so on. The town's oldest building
1656-694: The Irish Republican Army , has written that: "not all of those of British background in Ireland owe their Irish residence to the Plantations ;... yet the Plantation did produce a large British/English interest in Ireland, a significant body of Irish Protestants who were tied through religion and politics to English power." However, going on surnames, others have concluded that Protestant and Catholic are poor guides to whether people's ancestors were settlers or natives of Ulster in
1748-665: The Virginia Plantation at Jamestown in 1607 started. The London guilds planning to fund the Plantation of Ulster switched and backed the London Virginia Company instead. Many British Protestant settlers went to Virginia or New England in America rather than to Ulster. By the 1630s, there were 20,000 adult male British settlers in Ulster, which meant that the total settler population could have been as high as 80,000. They formed local majorities of
1840-671: The Williamites in the Williamite war in Ireland in the 1690s, they were excluded from power in the postwar settlement by the Anglican Protestant Ascendancy . During the 18th century, rising Scots resentment over religious, political and economic issues fueled their emigration to the American colonies, beginning in 1717 and continuing up to the 1770s. Scots-Irish from Ulster and Scotland and British from
1932-631: The 1540s, during the reign of Henry VIII (1509–1547), and concluded in the reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603) sixty years later, breaking the power of the semi-independent Irish chieftains. As part of the conquest, plantations (colonial settlements) were established in Queen's County and King's County ( Laois and Offaly ) in the 1550s as well as Munster in the 1580s, and in 1568 Warham St Leger and Richard Grenville established Joint stock/Cooperate colonies in Cork, although these were not very successful. In
SECTION 20
#17327719040642024-555: The 1570s, Elizabeth I authorized a privately funded plantation of eastern Ulster , led by Thomas Smith and Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex . This was a failure and sparked violent conflict with the local Irish lord, in which Lord Deputy Essex killed many of the lord of Clandeboy 's kin. In the Nine Years' War of 1594–1603, an alliance of northern Gaelic chieftains—led by Hugh O'Neill of Tyrone , Hugh Roe O'Donnell of Tyrconnell , and Hugh Maguire of Fermanagh —resisted
2116-425: The 1690s, when tens of thousands of Scots fled a famine (1696–1698) in the border region of Scotland. It was at this point that Scottish Presbyterians became the majority community in the province. Whereas in the 1660s, they made up some 20% of Ulster's population (though 60% of its British population) by 1720 they were an absolute majority in Ulster, with up to 50,000 having arrived during the period 1690–1710. There
2208-584: The 16th century, Ulster was viewed by the English as being "underpopulated" and undeveloped. The economy of Gaelic Ulster was overwhelmingly based on agriculture, especially cattle-raising. Many of the Gaelic Irish practised "creaghting" or "booleying", a kind of transhumance whereby some of them moved with their cattle to upland pastures during the summer months and lived in temporary dwellings during that time. This often led outsiders to mistakenly believe
2300-597: The 17th century. By contrast, genetic studies have found that, "The distribution [of southwestern Scottish ancestry] in Northern Ireland mirrors the distributions of the Plantations of Ireland throughout the 17th century. Thus the cluster will have experienced some genetic isolation by religion from adjacent Irish populations in the intervening centuries." The settlers also left a legacy in terms of language. The strong Ulster Scots dialect originated through
2392-513: The 60th-anniversary celebrations of the twinning. Therefore, the future of the twinning is now somewhat unclear. Enniskillen has a maritime climate with a narrow range of temperatures and rainfall. The nearest official Met Office weather station for which online records are available is at Lough Navar Forest, about 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 mi (14 km) northwest of Enniskillen. Data has also more recently been collected from Enniskillen/St Angelo Airport , under 4 mi (6 km) north of
2484-717: The British Prime Minister , Tony Blair , and the Taoiseach , Bertie Ahern , two days later; three officers from the Police Service of Northern Ireland were hurt in the blast. Together with The Grange in Omagh , the town hall became one of the two meeting places of Fermanagh and Omagh District Council when it was formed in April 2015. After one of the two stone statues of soldiers lost an arm in bad weather,
2576-561: The GNR line, which made it impossible for the SL&;NCR to continue and forced it also to close. The nearest railway station to Enniskillen is Sligo station which is served by multiple trains to Dublin Connolly and is operated by Iarnród Éireann . The Dublin-Sligo railway line has a two-hourly service run by Iarnród Éireann. A connecting bus from Sligo via Manorhamilton to Enniskillen
2668-474: The Gaelic Highlands of Scotland. Six counties were involved in the official plantation – Donegal , Londonderry , Tyrone , Fermanagh , Cavan and Armagh . In the two officially unplanted counties of Antrim and Down , substantial Presbyterian Scots settlement had been underway since 1606. The plan for the plantation was determined by two factors. One was the wish to make sure
2760-480: The Gaelic Irish were nomadic. Michael Perceval-Maxwell estimates that by 1600 (before the worst atrocities of the Nine Years' War), Ulster's total adult population was only 25,000-40,000. Others estimate that Ulster's population in the year 1600 was about 200,000. The wars fought among Gaelic clans and between the Gaelic and English undoubtedly contributed to depopulation. The Tudor conquest of Ireland began in
2852-461: The Gaels gone?", adding "We have in their stead an arrogant, impure crowd, of foreigners' blood". Historian Thomas Bartlett suggests that Irish hostility to the plantation may have been muted in the early years, as there were much fewer settlers arriving than expected. Bartlett writes that a hatred for the planters grew with the influx of settlers from the 1620s, and the increasing marginalization of
Enniskillen Town Hall - Misplaced Pages Continue
2944-603: The Happy Days arts festival since 2012, which celebrates "the work and influence of Nobel Prize-winning writer Samuel Beckett" and is the "first annual, international, multi-arts festival to be held in Northern Ireland since the launch of the Ulster Bank Belfast Festival at Queen's in 1962". There are numerous schools and colleges in and around the Enniskillen area, from primary level to secondary level, including some further education colleges such as
3036-566: The Irish. Historian Gerard Farrell writes that the plantation stoked a "smoldering resentment" in the Irish, among whom "a widespread perception persisted that they and the generation before them had been unfairly dispossessed of their lands by force and legal chicanery". Petty violence and sabotage against the planters was rife, and many Irish came to identify with the wood-kern who attacked settlements and ambushed settlers. Ferrell suggests it took many years for an Irish uprising to happen because there
3128-600: The NI total and representing an increase of 1.6% on the Census 2001 population of 13,599. Of these: There are four churches in the town centre. These are: There are several other churches outside the town centre. Some of these buildings are outside the town. As of season 2023/24, the town has five association football teams, Enniskillen Rangers , Enniskillen Town United F.C. , Enniskillen Athletic, Enniskillen Galaxy and Enniskillen Rovers. Founded in 1953, Enniskillen Rangers are
3220-485: The Nine Years' War (known as "Servitors") led by Arthur Chichester successfully lobbied to be rewarded with land grants of their own. Since these former officers did not have enough private capital to fund the colonisation, their involvement was subsidised by the twelve great guilds. Livery companies from the City of London were coerced into investing in the project, as were City of London guilds which were granted land on
3312-556: The Pale would convert the native population to Anglicanism . Since 1606, there had been substantial lowland Scots settlement on disinhabited land in north Down, led by Hugh Montgomery and James Hamilton . In 1607, Sir Randall MacDonnell settled 300 Presbyterian Scots families on his land in Antrim. From 1609 onwards, British Protestant immigrants arrived in Ulster through direct importation by Undertakers to their estates and also by
3404-580: The Plantation remained threatened by the attacks of bandits, known as " wood-kern ", who were often Irish soldiers or dispossessed landowners. In 1609, Chichester had 1,300 former Gaelic soldiers deported from Ulster to serve in the Swedish Army . As a result, military garrisons were established across Ulster and many of the Plantation towns, notably Derry , were fortified. The settlers were also required to maintain arms and attend an annual military 'muster'. There had been very few towns in Ulster before
3496-661: The Plantation remains disputed. According to one interpretation, it created a society segregated between native Catholics and settler Protestants in Ulster and created a Protestant and British concentration in north-east Ireland. This argument therefore sees the Plantation as one of the long-term causes of the Partition of Ireland in 1921, as the north-east remained as part of the United Kingdom in Northern Ireland . The densest Protestant settlement took place in
3588-496: The Plantation was the negotiation among various interest groups on the British side. The principal landowners were to be "Undertakers", wealthy men from England and Scotland who undertook to import tenants from their own estates. They were granted around 3000 acres (12 km ) each, on condition that they settle a minimum of 48 adult males (including at least 20 families), who had to be English-speaking and Protestant . Veterans of
3680-406: The Plantation. Most modern towns in the province can date their origins back to this period. Plantation towns generally have a single broad main street ending in a square in a design often known as a "diamond", which can be seen in communities like The Diamond, Donegal . The plantation was a mixed success from the point of view of the settlers. About the time the Plantation of Ulster was planned,
3772-770: The Scottish Presbyterians. The Wars eliminated the last major Catholic landowners in Ulster. Most Scottish planters came from southwest Scotland, but many also came from the unstable regions along the border with England. The plan was that moving Borderers (see Border Reivers ) to Ireland (particularly to County Fermanagh ) would both solve the Border problem and tie down Ulster. This was of particular concern to James VI of Scotland when he became King of England, since he knew Scottish instability could jeopardise his chances of ruling both kingdoms effectively. Another wave of Scottish immigration to Ulster took place in
Enniskillen Town Hall - Misplaced Pages Continue
3864-670: The Scottish army fought against the rebels until 1650, although much of the army was destroyed by the Irish forces at the Battle of Benburb in 1646. In the northwest of Ulster, the colonists around Derry and east Donegal organised the Laggan Army in self-defence. The British forces fought an inconclusive war with the Ulster Irish led by Owen Roe O'Neill . All sides committed atrocities against civilians in this war, exacerbating
3956-660: The Scottish forces and the Ulster Irish. As a result, the English Parliamentarians (or Cromwellians ) were generally hostile to Scottish Presbyterians after they re-conquered Ireland from the Catholic Confederates in 1649–53. The main beneficiaries of the postwar Cromwellian settlement were English Protestants like Sir Charles Coote, who had taken the Parliament's side over the King or
4048-582: The Ulster Catholics staged a rebellion . The mobilised natives turned on the British colonists, massacring about 4,000 and expelling about 8,000 more. Marianne Elliott believes that "1641 destroyed the Ulster Plantation as a mixed settlement". The initial leader of the rebellion, Felim O'Neill, had actually been a beneficiary of the Plantation land grants. Most of his supporters' families had been dispossessed and were likely motivated by
4140-722: The borders region comprised the most numerous group of immigrants from Great Britain and Ireland to the colonies in the years before the American Revolution . An estimated 150,000 left northern Ireland. They settled first mostly in Pennsylvania and western Virginia, from where they moved southwest into the backcountry of the Upland South , the Ozarks and the Appalachian Mountains . The legacy of
4232-463: The cap badge of both regiments. Enniskillen was the site of several events during The Troubles , the most notable being the Remembrance Day bombing in which 11 people were killed. Bill Clinton opened The Clinton Centre in 2002 on the site of the bombing. The Provisional Irish Republican Army claimed responsibility for the attack. In 2019, at least nine men reported to the police and
4324-521: The castle from 1595 to 1598 and it was not finally captured by the English until 1607. This was part of a wider campaign to bring the province of Ulster under English control; the final capture of Enniskillen Castle in 1607 was followed by the Plantation of Ulster , during which the lands of the native Irish were seized and handed over to planters loyal to the English Crown. The Maguires were supplanted by William Cole , originally from Devon , who
4416-723: The castle made its capture important for the English in 1593, to support their plans for the control of Ulster . The castle was besieged three times in 1594–95 . The English, led by a Captain Dowdall, captured it in February 1594. Maguire then laid siege to it, and defeated a relieving force at the Battle of the Ford of the Biscuits at Drumane Bridge on the Arney River . Although the defenders were relieved, Maguire gained possession of
4508-586: The city with which Enniskillen is now officially twinned. Though the twinning arrangements are still operational, at a meeting of the Regeneration and Community Committee, in February 2018, it was agreed that the twinning arrangements would be formally terminated at the end of the Council term in June 2018. However, Fermanagh and Omagh District Council still have plans to send representatives to Brackwede for
4600-730: The desire to recover their ancestral lands. Many colonists who survived rushed to the seaports and went back to Great Britain. The massacres made a lasting impression on psyche of the Ulster Protestant population. A. T. Q. Stewart states that "The fear which it inspired survives in the Protestant subconscious as the memory of the Penal Laws or the Famine persists in the Catholic." He also believed that "Here, if anywhere,
4692-468: The eastern counties of Antrim and Down, which were not part of the Plantation, whereas Donegal, in the west, was planted but did not become part of Northern Ireland. Therefore, it is also argued that the Plantation itself was less important in the distinctiveness of the north-east of Ireland than natural population flow between Ulster and Scotland. A. T. Q. Stewart , a protestant from Belfast, concluded: "The distinctive Ulster-Scottish culture, isolated from
SECTION 50
#17327719040644784-483: The end of the Nine Years' War . The original proposals were smaller, involving planting settlers around key military posts and on church land, and would have included large land grants to native Irish lords who sided with the English during the war, such as Niall Garve O'Donnell . However, in 1608 Sir Cahir O'Doherty of Inishowen launched a rebellion , capturing and burning the town of Derry . The brief rebellion
4876-426: The fact that the Plantation had decreed that the Irish population be displaced, this did not generally happen in practice. Firstly, some 300 native landowners who had taken the English side in the Nine Years' War were rewarded with land grants. Secondly, the majority of the Gaelic Irish remained in their native areas, but were now only allowed worse land than before the plantation. They usually lived close to and even in
4968-530: The headquarters of Enniskillen Borough Council until it lost its administrative functions to Fermanagh County Council in 1967. After the eastern part of the building had been partitioned into offices in 1980, it went on to become the meeting place of Fermanagh District Council . On 10 February 2003 the Continuity Irish Republican Army detonated a bomb outside the town hall in anticipation of an intended visit to Northern Ireland by
5060-535: The imposition of English government in Ulster and sought to affirm their own control. Following an extremely costly series of campaigns by the English the war ended in 1603 with the Treaty of Mellifont . The terms of surrender granted to what remained of O'Neills forces were considered generous at the time. After the Treaty of Mellifont, the northern chieftains attempted to consolidate their positions, whilst some within
5152-489: The land in Ulster. The peasant Irish population was intended to be relocated to live near garrisons and Protestant churches. Moreover, the planters were barred from selling their lands to any Irishman and were required to build defences against any possible rebellion or invasion. The settlement was to be completed within three years. In this way, it was hoped that a defensible new community composed entirely of loyal British subjects would be created. The second major influence on
5244-419: The late 19th century, after the market house became dilapidated, civic leaders decided to construct a new town hall on the same site. The foundation stone for the new building was laid by Lady Enniskillen on 2 May 1898. It was designed by William Alphonsus Scott of Drogheda in the Renaissance style , built in limestone with Dungannon sandstone dressings at a cost of £13,000 and was officially opened by
5336-443: The mainstream of Catholic and Gaelic culture, would appear to have been created not by the specific and artificial plantation of the early seventeenth century, but by the continuous natural influx of Scottish settlers both before and after that episode ...." The Plantation of Ulster is also widely seen as the origin of mutually antagonistic Catholic/Irish and Protestant/British identities in Ulster. Richard English , an expert on
5428-444: The mentality of siege was born, as the warning bonfires blazed from hilltop to hilltop, and the beating drums summoned men to the defence of castles and walled towns crowded with refugees." In the summer of 1642, the Scottish Parliament sent some 10,000 soldiers to quell the Irish rebellion. In revenge for the massacres of Scottish colonists, the army committed many atrocities against the Catholic population. Based in Carrickfergus ,
5520-460: The native Irish nobility losing their land and led to centuries of ethnic and sectarian animosity, which at times spilled into conflict , notably in the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and, more recently, the Troubles . Before the plantation, Ulster had been the most Gaelic province of Ireland, as it was the least anglicized and the most independent of English control. The region was almost wholly rural and had few towns or villages. Throughout
5612-416: The native Irish reaction to the plantation was generally hostile, and native writers lamented what they saw as the decline of Gaelic society and the influx of foreigners. The Plantation of Ulster was the biggest of the Plantations of Ireland . It led to the founding of many of Ulster's towns and created a lasting Ulster Protestant community in the province with ties to Britain. It also resulted in many of
SECTION 60
#17327719040645704-404: The native Irish to the plantation was generally hostile. Chichester wrote in 1610 that the native Irish in Ulster were "generally discontented, and repine greatly at their fortunes, and the small quantity of land left to them". That same year, English army officer Toby Caulfield wrote that "there is not a more discontented people in Christendom" than the Ulster Irish. Irish Gaelic writers bewailed
5796-558: The native population were usually monoglot Irish speakers. However, ministers chosen to serve in the plantation were required to take a course in the Irish language before ordination, and nearly 10% of those who took up their preferments spoke it fluently. Nevertheless, conversion was rare, despite the fact that, after 1621, Gaelic Irish natives could be officially classed as British if they converted to Protestantism. Of those Catholics who did convert to Protestantism, many made their choice for social and political reasons. The reaction of
5888-468: The official plantation began in 1609. Most of the land had been confiscated from the native Gaelic chiefs , several of whom had fled Ireland for mainland Europe in 1607 following the Nine Years' War against English rule . The official plantation comprised an estimated half a million acres (2,000 km ) of arable land in counties Armagh , Cavan , Fermanagh , Tyrone , Donegal , and Londonderry . Land in counties Antrim , Down , and Monaghan
5980-472: The oldest and most successful of these, having won the Irish Junior Cup five times, most recently in season 2023/24, when they defeated Cleary Celtic FC 2–0 in Stangmore Park, Dungannon, the Fermanagh & Western Division One title 19 times and the Mulhern Cup 16 times. They play their home games at The Ball Range. Enniskillen Rangers have several notable former players including Sandy Fulton and Jim Cleary. Enniskillen Town United F.C. currently play in
6072-443: The past but now serves mainly private traffic. The town is on the main A4 / N16 route linking Belfast and Sligo, and on the main Dublin to Ballyshannon route, the N3 / A46 / A509 . Enniskillen was originally twinned with Brackwede – a Bielefeld suburb – where the Inniskilling Dragoon Guards were stationed in the late 1950s when the twinning was initiated; however, this suburb was incorporated into Stadt Bielefeld in 1973,
6164-428: The past, Enniskillen has hosted an array of international events, most notably stages of the World Waterski World Cup, annually from 2005 to 2007 at the Broadmeadow. Despite its success, Enniskillen was not chosen as a World Cup Stop for 2008. In January 2009, Enniskillen hosted the ceremonial start of Rally Ireland 2009, the first stage of the WRC FIA World Rally Championship 2009 Calendar. Enniskillen has hosted
6256-472: The personal estates of the chieftains, but now they treated the chieftains as sole owners of their whole territories, so that all the land could be confiscated. Most of this land was deemed to be forfeited (or escheated ) to the Crown because the chieftains were declared to be attainted . English judges had also declared that titles to land held under gavelkind , the native Irish custom of inheriting land, had no standing under English law. Davies used this as
6348-443: The plantation. In an entry for the year 1608, the Annals of the Four Masters states that the land was "taken from the Irish" and given "to foreign tribes", and that Irish chiefs were "banished into other countries where most of them died". Likewise, an early 17th-century poem by the Irish bard Lochlann Óg Ó Dálaigh laments the plantation, the displacement of the native Irish, and the decline of Gaelic culture. It asks "Where have
6440-507: The planters, twelve years of bloody war, and ultimately the re-conquest of the province by the English parliamentary New Model Army that confirmed English and Protestant dominance in the province. After 1630, Scottish migration to Ireland waned for a decade. In the 1630s, Presbyterians in Scotland staged a rebellion against Charles I for trying to impose Anglicanism . The same was attempted in Ireland, where most Scots colonists were Presbyterian. A large number of them returned to Scotland as
6532-409: The population displacement begun by the Plantation. In addition to fighting the Ulster Irish, the British settlers fought each other in 1648–49 over the issues of the English Civil War . The Scottish Presbyterian army sided with the King and the Laggan Army sided with the English Parliament. In 1649–50, the New Model Army , along with some of the British colonists under Charles Coote , defeated both
6624-556: The population in the Finn and Foyle valleys (around modern County Londonderry and east Donegal ), in north Armagh and in east Tyrone . Moreover, the unofficial settlements in Antrim and Down were thriving. The settler population grew rapidly, as just under half of the planters were women. The attempted conversion of the Irish to Protestantism was generally a failure. One problem was language difference. The Protestant clerics imported were usually all monoglot English speakers, whereas
6716-435: The press and said in public forums that, in the 1980s and 90s, when they were children, they were repeatedly molested and raped by a paedophile ring of at least 20 men in the Enniskillen area. Investigations are continuing. On Census day 2021 there were 14,086 people living in Enniskillen. Of these: On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 13,823 people living in Enniskillen (5,733 households), accounting for 0.76% of
6808-571: The region most resistant to English control. The plantation was also meant to sever Gaelic Ulster's links with the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland. The colonists (or "British tenants") were required to be English-speaking, Protestant , and loyal to the king. Some of the undertakers and settlers, however, were Catholic. The English settlers were mostly Anglican Northerners and the Scottish settlers were mostly Presbyterian Lowlanders . Although some "loyal" natives were granted land,
6900-402: The same townlands as the settlers and the land they had farmed previously. The main reason for this was that Undertakers could not import enough English or Scottish tenants to fill their agricultural workforce and had to fall back on Irish tenants. However, in a few heavily populated lowland areas (such as parts of north Armagh) it is likely that some population displacement occurred. However,
6992-565: The settlement could not be destroyed by rebellion as the first Munster Plantation had been in the Nine Years' War. This meant that, rather than settling the planters in isolated pockets of land confiscated from the Irish, all of the land would be confiscated and then redistributed to create concentrations of British settlers around new towns and garrisons. What was more, the new landowners were explicitly banned from taking Irish tenants and had to import workers from England and Scotland. The remaining Irish landowners were to be granted one quarter of
7084-453: The square during the times of public execution. Part of the old goal is still standing. Enniskillen Town Hall was designed by William Scott and completed in 1901. Enniskillen is the site of the foundation of two British Army regiments: The town's name (with the archaic spelling) continues to form part of the title to The Royal Irish Regiment (27th (Inniskilling) 83rd and 87th and Ulster Defence Regiment) . Enniskillen Castle features on
7176-580: The statutes were repaired in May 2015. Enniskillen Enniskillen ( / ˌ ɛ n ɪ s ˈ k ɪ l ən / EN -iss- KIL -ən , from Irish : Inis Ceithleann [ˈɪnʲɪʃ ˈcɛlʲən̪ˠ] , ' Ceithlenn 's island') is the largest town in County Fermanagh , Northern Ireland. It is in the middle of the county, between the Upper and Lower sections of Lough Erne . It had a population of 14,086 at
7268-602: The technical college. Railway lines from Enniskillen railway station linked the town with Derry from 1854, Dundalk from 1861, Bundoran from 1868 and Sligo from 1882. By 1883 the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) absorbed all the lines except the Sligo, Leitrim and Northern Counties Railway , which remained independent throughout its existence. In October 1957 the Government of Northern Ireland closed
7360-403: The town centre, which should in time give a more accurate representation of the climate of the Enniskillen area. The absolute maximum temperature is 29.8 °C (85.6 °F), recorded during July 2006. In an 'average' year, the warmest day is 25.5 °C (77.9 °F) and only 2.4 days a year should rise to 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above. The respective absolute maximum for St Angelo
7452-509: The two garrisons in Ulster that were not wholly loyal to James II, and it was the last town to fall before the Siege of Derry . As a direct result of this conflict, Enniskillen developed not only as a market town but also as a garrison, which became home to two regiments. The former site of Fermanagh College at Gaol Square (the college has now moved to the old Erne Hospital site) was the former Enniskillen Gaol . Many people were tried and hanged in
7544-714: The west bank of the River Foyle , to build their own city on the site of Derry (renamed Londonderry after them) as well as lands in County Coleraine. They were known jointly as The Honourable The Irish Society . The final major recipient of lands was the Protestant Church of Ireland , which was granted all the churches and lands previously owned by the Roman Catholic Church . The British government intended that clerics from England and
7636-452: The west of Scotland meant that Scottish participation was a practical necessity. James saw the Gaels as barbarous and rebellious, and believed Gaelic culture should be wiped out. For centuries, Scottish Gaelic mercenaries called gallowglass ( gallóglaigh ) had been migrating to Ireland to serve under the Irish chiefs. Another goal of the plantation was to sever Gaelic Ulster's links with
7728-580: Was agreed and the club adopted the rules of the Dublin University Football Club . The first match was played on 30 September 1925 against Ballyshannon in County Donegal . Enniskillen Gaels is a Gaelic Athletic Association club founded in 1927. It is based at Brewster Park , Enniskillen. The club has had success in both Gaelic football and hurling winning in both county and provincial competitions. Enniskillen
7820-485: Was appointed by James I to build an English settlement there in 1612. Captain Cole was installed as Constable and strengthened the castle wall and built a "fair house" on the old foundation as the centre point of the county town. The first Protestant parish church was erected on the hilltop in 1627. By 1630 the town had around 180 inhabitants, mostly comprising English and Scottish settlers. The Royal Free School of Fermanagh
7912-541: Was continuing English migration throughout this period, particularly the 1650s and 1680s, notably amongst these settlers were the Quakers from the North of England, who contributed greatly to the cultivation of flax and linen. In total, during the half century between 1650 and 1700, 100,000 British settlers migrated to Ulster, just over half of which were English. Despite the fact that Scottish Presbyterians strongly supported
8004-578: Was depopulation, because many native leaders had been removed, and those who remained only belatedly realised the threat of the plantation. By the 1630s it is suggested that the plantation was settling down with "tacit religious tolerance", and in every county Old Irish were serving as royal officials and members of the Irish Parliament. However, in the 1640s, the Ulster Plantation was thrown into turmoil by civil wars that raged in Ireland, England and Scotland . The wars saw Irish rebellion against
8096-621: Was ended by Sir Richard Wingfield at the Battle of Kilmacrennan . The rebellion prompted Arthur Chichester , the Lord Deputy of Ireland , to plan a much bigger plantation and to expropriate the legal titles of all native landowners in the province. John Davies , the Attorney-General for Ireland , used the law as a tool of conquest and colonization. Before the Flight of the Earls, the English administration had sought to minimize
8188-429: Was moved onto the island in 1643. The first bridges were drawbridges; permanent bridges were not installed before 1688. By 1689 the town had grown significantly. During the conflict which resulted from the ousting of King James II by his Protestant rival, William III , Enniskillen and Derry were the focus of Williamite resistance in Ireland, including the nearby Battle of Newtownbutler . Enniskillen and Derry were
8280-409: Was privately colonised with the king's support. Among those involved in planning and overseeing the plantation were King James, the Lord Deputy of Ireland , Arthur Chichester , and the Attorney-General for Ireland , John Davies . They saw the plantation as a means of controlling, anglicising , and "civilising" Ulster. The province was almost wholly Gaelic , Catholic , and rural and had been
8372-425: Was the organised colonisation ( plantation ) of Ulster – a province of Ireland – by people from Great Britain during the reign of King James VI and I . Most of the settlers (or planters ) came from southern Scotland and Northern England ; their culture differed from that of the native Irish . Small privately funded plantations by wealthy landowners began in 1606, while
8464-588: Was the venue of the 39th G8 summit which was held on 17 and 18 June 2013. It was held at the Lough Erne Resort, a five-star hotel and golf resort on the shore of Lough Erne. The gathering was the biggest international diplomatic gathering ever held in Northern Ireland. Among the G8 leaders who attended were British Prime Minister David Cameron , United States President Barack Obama , German Chancellor Angela Merkel , and Russian President Vladimir Putin . In
#63936