The Oppidum d'Ensérune is an ancient hill-town (or oppidum ) near the village of Nissan-lez-Ensérune , France , located between Béziers and Narbonne close to the D609 (formerly RN9 ) and Canal du Midi . It has been listed since 1935 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture .
8-516: The settlement was occupied without interruption between the 6th century BC and 1st century AD on a hill with good views over the coastal plain, being close to the Via Domitia , the Montady lake, and fertile agricultural land below. There is a museum on the site which offers a display of some of the finds on the site, as well as giving more information about the fort and the field system. Below
16-764: The Rhône at Beaucaire passed through Nîmes (Nemausus) then followed the coastal plain along the Gulf of Lion . At Narbonne, it met the Via Aquitania (which led toward the Atlantic Ocean through Toulouse and Bordeaux ). Thus Narbonne was a crucial strategic crossroads of the Via Domitia and the Via Aquitania, and it was an accessible, but easily defensible port at that time. This "cusp point" in
24-455: The oppidum was the swamp of Montady , (centred on 43°19′12″N 3°07′24″E / 43.32000°N 3.12333°E / 43.32000; 3.12333 ), which is now wedge shaped fields separated by irrigation ditches that converge in the centre. In the 13th century, the swamp was drained; the ditches allowed water to flow to the centre of the circular depression, from which it was conveyed through underground pipes several kilometres to
32-472: The Roman westwards expansion and ensuing supply, communication and fortification was a very important asset, and was treated as such (see Narbonne ). In between the cities that it linked, the Via Domitia was provided with a series of mansiones at distances of a day's journey for a loaded cart, at which shelter, provender and fresh horses could be obtained for travellers on official business. The route as it
40-734: The road. It soon developed into a full Roman colony Colonia Narbo Martius . The lands on the western part of the route, beyond the River Rhône had been under the control of the Averni who, according to Strabo , had stretched their control to Narbo and the Pyrenees. Crossing the Alps by the easiest passage, the Col de Montgenèvre (1850 m), the Via Domitia followed the valley of the Durance , crossed
48-510: The south. The drainage is still functional and remains in use. 43°18′38″N 3°6′55″E / 43.31056°N 3.11528°E / 43.31056; 3.11528 Via Domitia The Via Domitia was the first Roman road built in Gaul , to link Italy and Hispania through Gallia Narbonensis , across what is now Southern France . The route that the Romans regularised and paved
56-506: Was ancient when they set out to survey it, and traces the mythic route travelled by Heracles . The construction of the road was commissioned by Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus , whose name it bore, following the defeat of the Allobroges and Averni by himself and Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus in 122 BCE. Domitius also established a fortified garrison at Narbo (modern Narbonne ) on the coast, near Hispania, to guard construction of
64-756: Was in Late Antiquity is represented in schematic fashion on the Tabula Peutingeriana . This route can be traced on topographical maps overprinted with the ancient route, in G. Castellve, J.-B. Compsa, J. Kotarba and A. Pezin, eds. Voies romaines du Rhône à l'Èbre: Via Domitia et Via Augusta ( DAF 61 ) Paris 1997. At Ruscino, the road separates in two: the Inland Route and the Coastal Route, which rejoin at La Junquera . Coastal Route Inland Route Rejoins at: Here
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