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57-545: The municipality of Enschede consisted only of the city of Enschede until 1935, when the rural municipality of Lonneker , which surrounded the city, was annexed after the rapid industrial expansion of Enschede that began in the 1860s and involved the building of railways and the digging of the Twentekanaal . Enschede is home to the football club FC Twente , a one-time Dutch champion ; the University of Twente ; and

114-449: A Cessna Citation Sovereign coming from Doncaster Sheffield Airport , which departed for Aosta later that day. Besides the arrival of aircraft for scrapping, additional traffic allowed at the airport include cargo aircraft to transport airplane parts, business charter aircraft of a number of operators that requested permission to use the airfield, a limited number of smaller general aviation aircraft and gliders . In November 2016 it

171-520: A fireworks disaster took place in 2000. The new museum is located partly in a renovated old textile factory, in reference to Enschede's textile history, and partly in an adjourning new building, designed by the Amsterdam-based firm SeARCH (project architect: Bjarne Mastenbroek). Besides museums there are also several art spaces, the most prominent being Villa de Bank and TETEM. The latter focuses on art and technology, and aims to be accessible for

228-502: A new type of technically specialized doctors. Enschede is a terminus station of the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) railway lines from the west. Trains operate to Hengelo , Almelo , Zwolle , Deventer , Apeldoorn , Amersfoort Centraal , Hilversum , Amsterdam Zuid , Schiphol Airport , Utrecht Centraal and Den Haag Centraal . To the east there is a line to Gronau , Germany , which has two more stations in

285-486: A part of the municipality was given to the city. It remained an independent municipality until 1934, when it became part of Enschede. In 1927, the 4th Anarchist Pinksterlanddagen or "pinkster-mobilisatie" where held in Lonneker. Amongst the speakers where T.Wessels, H. Schuurman and Albert de Jong. On the last day there was a demonstration that got stopped by police violence. This Overijssel location article

342-522: A sandy ridge of the people of Lono (person)". Lonneker is an esdorp which developed in the Early Middle Ages. The Catholic St. Jacobus de Meerdere was built between 1911 and 1912 as a replacement for the 1820 church. Lonneker was home to 1,546 people in 1840. In 1811, five marke  [ nl ] (predecessor of municipality) were split into the municipalities of Lonneker and Enschede. Lonneker used to encircle Enschede. In 1884,

399-468: A wide public. Enschede is also home of The Netherlands Symphony Orchestra. De Museumfabriek (formerly TwensteWelle) is a museum in the Roombeek district that arose from a merger of three institutions: Natuurmuseum Enschede, Van Deinse Instituut and Fabriekcomplex Jannink. In this museum, the cultural-historical heritage of Twente is linked to the natural-historical heritage, a unique combination for

456-487: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Enschede Airport Twente Twente Airport ( IATA : ENS , ICAO : EHTW ) is located 2  NM (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) outside of Enschede in Overijssel , Netherlands . It has one runway (05/23), though two of the current taxiways and platforms have been used as runways (Platform A, former runway 11/29 and Platform C, former runway 16/34). The airport

513-435: Is also Enschede Kennispark railway station , near the football stadium. Enschede is situated at the south-east terminus of the Twentekanaal . There is also a network of bus lines connecting nearly every part of the city with the centre. Enschede also has bus connections to nearby towns and cities, like Hengelo , Oldenzaal and south towards Haaksbergen , Neede and Eibergen . The city lines are operated by Syntus , under

570-482: Is co-operating with the nearby municipalities of Almelo , Borne and Hengelo as Netwerkstad Twente . A draft law plan to merge Enschede with Hengelo and Almelo was defeated in parliament under the influence of opposition from the other towns. Grolsch beer is brewed in Enschede, and the tyre manufacturer Apollo Vredestein B.V. head office and a factory is in the city. It is one of the most important employers of

627-425: Is currently uncontrolled and closed for scheduled passenger flights and military operations. A local flying club uses the airport for their activities. The airfield has also been approved for limited use by business charter operators and aircraft scrapping, storage and maintenance. Twente Airport was opened July 1931 by the mayor of Enschede , Edo Bergsma. KLM started a scheduled flight to Amsterdam in 1932, which

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684-574: Is derelict and plans to revive the place were canceled in 2012, the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute still maintains a weather station there. The early history of Enschede is largely unknown, but a settlement existed around the Old Marketplace in early medieval times. The name of this settlement is mentioned as Anescede or Enscede meaning either "near the border" (with Bentheim ) or "near

741-548: Is host to many yearly festivals and the Old Market Square is often the venue for events, live music and other activities at the weekend. The proximity to Germany has, historically, been another major factor in the city's economic activity, ranging from the smuggling of coffee and tobacco in the 19th and 20th century, to large numbers of Germans, who visit the city's shops and weekly markets. Therefore, many natives of Enschede speak German more or less fluently. The city

798-889: Is one of the four technical universities in the Netherlands (besides Delft University of Technology , Eindhoven University of Technology and the Wageningen University and Research Centre ). The Universiteit Twente is also the only large-campus university in the Netherlands. The university has courses in pure technical studies such as Applied Physics, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Informatics/Computer Science and Industrial Engineering and also offers study programmes in Communication, Psychology, Economic Sciences, International Business Administration, Public Administration, Applied Medicine and Biomedical Technology;

855-503: Is one of the largest top-clinical hospitals of the Netherlands and features important tertiary care departments, fulfilling a supraregional role. It includes a level I trauma center as well. The hospital is strongly involved in higher medical education, with up to 300 medical students following their internships in the hospital at any given time, closely working together with the University of Twente's Technical Medicine program training

912-525: The COVID-19 pandemic economic downturn, six Lufthansa Boeing 747-400 aircraft arrived at Twente Airport for storage. In October 2020 Lufthansa decided to remove three of the aircraft for scrapping in California but it was discovered that, while local environmental regulations permitted the arrival of large aircraft it did not permit them to take off again. After negotiation a limited exemption from

969-648: The Cold War even after through passenger service was ended (September 1981), although it was in serious disrepair in later years. With the renewal of service to Germany (May 2001) the track was severed; there is a gap of about 30 centimeters between them which means that Enschede is now a "double terminus station" with tracks to the West (the Netherlands) and to the East (Germany) but with no connection between them. There

1026-546: The Twents -branche. The interlocal lines are exploited by Syntus and Arriva . Previously, Enschede had a combined regional civil airport, Enschede Airport , and Airbase Twenthe of the Royal Netherlands Air Force . The latter was closed in 2007; the former was closed in 2008. However, it remains in operation for business air traffic flying via a charter or private jet, and recreational flights. Around

1083-509: The Usseler Es , an area of historic cultural significance and of geological importance, as it was here that the Usselo horizon was discovered. The renovations at Roombeek were finished in the year 2012. The place where the factory used to be is now a monument. The Alpha Tower was completed in 2008 and this tower block with 91 apartments spread over 29 floors, with a height of 101 meters, is

1140-516: The 1970s and 1980s, some were renovated and given a new purpose. For example, homes were built in the former factories of Jannink and Van Heek. In addition, part of the Jannink complex was converted into a museum . Enschede developed into a service city. In the 1970s the textile production in Enschede came to a halt, due to fierce competition from mainly the Far East . This had a profound effect on

1197-476: The 1970s, primarily from Turkey ( Tur Abdin ). Today there are three Syriac Orthodox Churches in the city which meet the spiritual needs of Enschede's more than 10,000 Assyrians. As of 2020, Enschede had a total population of 159,640 people. The city is a former centre of textile production. When this industry left the area for cheaper production centers in South-East Asia, Enschede became one of

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1254-604: The Central Station in Enschede. There will be a new large square, the Willem Wilminkplein. In December 2012, the Serious Request action from national radio station 3FM took place in Enschede, which collected more than 12.2 million euros (almost US$ 16.2 million). The University of Twente ( Universiteit Twente ), a university with mostly technical studies, is located in Enschede. It

1311-458: The Es" and sported a church, a marketplace and a fortified aristocratic house. Enschede was granted city rights around 1300 which were confirmed in 1325 by Bishop Jan III van Diest and henceforth was allowed to protect itself with a wall. Because a stone wall was too expensive (since stone had to be imported), Enschede had a system of ditches, palisades and hedges instead, which is still reflected in

1368-799: The Netherlands. The museum was opened in April 2008 by the then Queen Beatrix . The German-Dutch relationship is characteristic of music culture, which arose through cooperation in the border region and the dominant textile industry in the 19th and 20th centuries. Especially during the period of reversal after the World War I , a close German-Dutch cultural cooperation developed in Gronau and Enschede, which became increasingly important from string quartets, salon orchestras and hot dance music bands to symphony orchestras and an operetta company ("Enschedesch Opera en Operette Gezelschap") with their own performances. At

1425-581: The Netherlands: Enschede De Eschmarke and Glanerbrug . The latter two have low ridership. The line is served by DB Regionalbahn Westfalen (part of the German Deutsche Bahn ), to Münster and to Dortmund , each on an hourly interval and alternating half-hours in the service to Gronau . There is no track connection between the two systems. The through line had been retained for eventual NATO use during

1482-563: The airport became a "joint use airport", with both civil and military use. The military stationed both fighter and trainer aircraft at the base. Aircraft based at Twente since the Second World War include the Gloster Meteor , Lockheed T-33 , Fokker S.14 Machtrainer , Hawker Hunter , North American F-86K Sabre , Lockheed F-104 Starfighter , Northrop NF-5 and General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon . For civil operations

1539-516: The airport by their owner Nordic Aviation Capital , the company responsible for their maintenance, Direct Maintenance , decided to start aircraft maintenance operations at the airport and started renting office and hangar space in October of 2021. Currently there are no scheduled flights from and to Twente Airport. Historical destinations include charter flights to Las Palmas , Antalya , Palma de Mallorca , Faro and Heraklion . Twente Airport

1596-428: The airport was renamed to Enschede Airport Twente and ran by the privately held company Enschede Airport Twente BV . On 7 December 2007 military use of the airport ceased. As of 1 January 2008 the airport has been closed for civil aviation as well, pending governmental agreement on the future of the airport. On 16 June 2010 the province of Overijssel agreed on a spatial plan including an airport. On 1 December 2010

1653-493: The call-up of the Germans for "labour in the East." Another notable hero of the era was Enschede Pastor Leendert Overduin, who saved hundreds of Jewish children and adults, with help from his sister and others, through a network of safehouses in and around Enschede. Enschede was bombed on several occasions, most notably on 10 October 1943, and 22 February 1944. During the first raid the nearby airport (then Fliegerhorst Twente )

1710-500: The center districts of Enschede is a complete ring road with a length of approximately 8 km, which is popularly called "de singel". This was constructed in the period between 1916 and 1929. Most major arterial roads connect to the canal. Enschede is connected to the national road network by means of the A/N35 and the N18 . Below and on the edge of the center are various parking facilities,

1767-509: The city, such as the Roombeek and Glanerbeek. Enschede contains five official city districts, which also include surrounding villages in the municipality: Like most of the Netherlands, Enschede features an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Köppen classification ), however, winters tend to be less mild than the rest of the Netherlands due to its inland location. Although the former military airport

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1824-409: The exception, fire was a constant risk and a series of fires in 1517, 1750 and again on 7 May 1862 earned the people from Enschede the nickname Brandstichters (arsonists). The last fire coincided with the start of the growth of the city into a large production center for textiles, stimulating a large increase in population, which by 1894 had reached an estimated 18,267: nineteenth-century urban growth

1881-477: The government proposed that the airport could re-open for General Aviation users in 2015, and commercial traffic in 2016. Movements would be limited to 22.000 a year under the proposal primarily for noise abatement. However, in June 2014 both the provincial government and the city of Enschede abandoned the plan to re-open the airport for commercial traffic. The future of the airport remained uncertain. In August 2015 it

1938-544: The last Polaroid film factory. During the Carnival festivities, which take place in February or March, Enschede is temporarily renamed Krekkelstad , after a local biscuit. Enschede lies in the eastern part of Overijssel and is the easternmost city of more than 140,000 inhabitants in the Netherlands. The city lies a few kilometres from Germany , which borders the municipality. A few small rivers flow through or surround

1995-605: The latter attract a broader public. Since 2006, the programmes of European Studies, Advanced Technology, Creative Technology and ATLAS University College have been added to the university's offerings. The Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente, with former name International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, (known by its abbreviation ITC ) runs MSc, Master's, Diploma and PhD courses in Geo-Information Science for developing countries. Students from all over

2052-904: The like to visit. In November 2008 the Nationaal Muziekkwartier opened its doors in Enschede. A new large theatre, pop stage Atak, the ArtEZ Conservatory, the Orkest van het Oosten (now the Dutch Symphony Orchestra), the Twente Music School, the Nationale Reisopera (now the Nederlandse Reisopera) and Podium Twente (now Wilminktheater en Muziekcentrum Enschede) have settled in this dominant building opposite

2109-627: The most famous and largest of which is the Van Heekgarage, which is located under the Van Heekplein. At the end of 2012, construction of an additional entrance and exit at Kuipersdijk was started as the South entrance. Van Heekgarage is the largest underground parking garage in the Netherlands with a capacity of 1650 cars. Enschede's association football club is FC Twente . Twente were the 2010 Eredivisie champions but were relegated to

2166-514: The ownership of the airport grounds was transferred to the Twente region and the city of Enschede . Though it was attempted to find a party interested in operating the airport commercially, it was announced on 4 December 2012 that despite three parties showing interest in this proposal, none of them made a bid to operate it. In March 2013, the military briefly re-opened the airport for military use as part of exercise Cerberus Guard . In March 2014

2223-454: The poorest municipalities in the Netherlands. More educated and wealthier citizens have historically migrated to the Randstad region; decades of renovation work in the city center have been carried out with the goal of making Enschede more attractive to this group. Modern shopping centres and department stores that until recently were only found in much larger cities have been opened. Enschede

2280-457: The populace. Enschede became one of the poorest municipalities in the Netherlands and went bankrupt. Large areas of industrial wasteland came to mark the city. With the support of the national government, this property was acquired and rebuilt. The city center was rendered a car-free zone . In 1961 it was announced a third technical university would be founded, placed on an estate on the western border of Enschede. This green campus called Drienerlo

2337-530: The region. There are several museums in Enschede, among them the Rijksmuseum Twenthe for art. A museum of natural history and a museum dedicated to the history of the textiles industry, both closed in January 2007, have merged, and have reopened in April 2008 in new premises on a new location under the name TwentseWelle (Source/Well of Twente). The new location is situated in Roombeek , where

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2394-530: The regulation was agreed and Lufthansa planned to fly the aircraft out, over a period of time, with the last aircraft to leave before July 2021. On 18 April 2021, the airport was the site of the NN Mission Marathon won by Eliud Kipchoge in 2:04.30. The race was originally scheduled for April 11 in Hamburg but postponed because of Covid-19 restrictions before being relocated to ENS. Besides

2451-625: The same time, jazz also found enthusiastic supporters from 1920 onwards. The three major concert stages for classical music in Enschede – the Muziekcentrum, the Twentse Schouwburg and the Grote Kerk – have been operating under the name Podium Twente since September 2002 and since September 2011 under the name Wilminktheater en Muziekcentrum Enschede. There is a varied offer of concerts, theater, youth and youth performances and

2508-493: The second indoor speed skating arena in the country, IJsbaan Twente . Enschede is twinned with: Lonneker Lonneker ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈlɔnəkər] ) is a village in Twente , in the province of Overijssel . It is located in the municipality of Enschede , about 3 km north of the city centre. The village was first mentioned in the late 10th century as "in Loningheri", and means "settlement on

2565-668: The second-tier league, the Eerste Divisie , after the 2017–18 season . Since the 2019–2020 season, they are back in the Eredivisie. De Grolsch Veste Stadium is the club's home base and has a capacity of 30,205 spectators. The Enschede Marathon is the second oldest marathon in Europe, and the oldest in the Netherlands, having been run annually since 1947. DOS-WK played in the Korfbal League until 2006. Enschede built

2622-542: The start of the 19th century. In particular, bombazijn (a mixture of cotton and linen) proved a successful export. One such factory to have produced textiles in the late 19th century is the Hardick & Seckel Factory . During World War II , Enschede was one of the first Dutch cities to be captured by German troops, being the city closest to Germany. Resistance members helped many of the Jews from Enschede to hide on farms in

2679-478: The storage and scrapping of aircraft, the airport also worked to establish themselves as an aviation technology hub under the name Technology Base. As an example of this, in September and October of 2021, the airport was used as part of a research project to explore changes to how aircraft approach airports in order to reduce noise and emissions. After several aircraft previously operated by Alitalia were flown to

2736-541: The street-names Noorderhagen and Zuiderhagen (North Hedge and South Hedge, respectively). The city plan of this era is still recognisable in the street-pattern. The city was spared destruction in 1597 at its capture during the Eighty Years' War when after a short siege, the Spanish garrison surrendered the city and the defences were razed. Because the medieval city was largely built of wood and stone houses were

2793-400: The tallest building in Enschede and the whole province of Overijssel. In the period 1995–2010, Enschede grew by approximately 10,000 inhabitants, but since then the growth has stagnated. Religions in Enschede (2013) The largest religion in Enschede is Christianity with 34.9% of the population being Christian. Enschede has a large Assyrian community, the first Assyrians came to Enschede in

2850-483: The vicinity. Out of approximately 1300 Jews in Enschede, 500 were saved (38.5%), compared to less than 20% in the rest of the Netherlands. This higher survival rate is attributed to three members of the Jewish Council of Enschede, Sig Menko, Gerard Sanders and Isidoor Van Dam who took the initiative, against the advice of the Jewish Council of Amsterdam, of urging their community to go into hiding and not to answer

2907-662: The world attend the ITC. Enschede also has an academy of arts and design combined with a conservatory named ArtEZ. Enschede is also home to one of the three campuses of Saxion University of Applied Sciences ( Saxion Hogeschool ), a polytechnical school offering internationally recognized Bachelor's degrees and Master's degrees in a wide range of fields, including engineering, economics, social work, investigations and health care. The other campuses are located in Deventer and Apeldoorn . The Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) hospital

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2964-568: Was a target of opportunity for the VIII Bomber Command during a raid on rail- and waterways in Münster . 141 people died and many houses were damaged. The latter mission named Enschede as a target of opportunity during Big Week after bombers had been recalled due to adverse weather. In the 1960s, the textile industry was completely lost, at the cost of approximately 30,000 jobs. Most of the large factory complexes were demolished in

3021-582: Was announced Aircraft End-of-Life Solutions (AELS) was taking over the permit for the dismantling of aircraft from Aeronextlife. AELS already conducted such activity at Woensdrecht Air Base , however, they are limited in the size of the aircraft they can dismantle at Woensdrecht. The first aircraft to be scrapped was HB-JMK, an Airbus A340-300 formerly operated by Swiss International Air Lines , which arrived on 27 April 2017. Since then, aircraft from KLM , Air France and other airlines have also been flown to Twente for scrapping. In June and July 2020, due to

3078-412: Was announced that Belgian aircraft recycling firm Aeronextlife intended to start using the airport to scrap aircraft. As part of the plan, Aeronextlife would become responsible for the costs of certain vital services required for airport operation, such as a fire fighting presence during aircraft operations. Approval was granted, and flights to Twente Airport resumed on 1 May 2016 with the landing of

3135-434: Was at first rather chaotic. The names of the slums (like De Krim and Sebastopol ) are still notorious, although they have long since been torn down. In 1907 the laissez faire mentality was dropped and Enschede was the first city in the Netherlands to draw up an official expansion plan, incorporating the surrounding municipality of Lonneker . Textile production, originally a cottage industry, reached an industrial scale at

3192-412: Was donated by the city of Enschede. Building was complete in 1964, when the first and only full-facility university of the Netherlands was realised. On 13 May 2000, a fireworks storage depot in Enschede exploded , destroying part of the neighborhood of Roombeek and killing 23 people, including 4 firemen. In 2001 a referendum confirmed the proposal of the city council to expand the built-up area into

3249-1648: Was suspended in 1939. During World War II the German Luftwaffe took over the airport and made it a military airbase , renaming it Fliegerhorst Twente . In April 1945 allied troops reoccupied the airport renaming it to B 106/Twente and transferred ownership to the Dutch armed forces. A minor typo in the deed misspelled the airport name as Airbase Twenthe, with an added 'h'. Royal Air Force units included: 2 Squadron between 18 April and 30 May 1945, 3 Squadron between 14 and 16 September 1945, 4 Squadron between 17 April and 30 May 1945, 33 Squadron between 14 and 16 September 1945, 41 Squadron between 8 and 16 April 1945, 56 Squadron between 14 and 16 September 1945, 66 Squadron between 18 and 30 April 1945, 127 Squadron between 18 and 30 April 1945, 130 Squadron between 7 and 17 April 1945, 137 Squadron between 11 and 14 April 1945, 181 Squadron between 11 and 13 April 1945, 182 Squadron between 11 and 13 April 1945, 219 Squadron between 8 June and 14 August 1945, 247 Squadron between 12 and 13 April 1945, 264 Squadron between 6 June and 25 August 1945, 268 Squadron between 18 April and 30 May 1945, 322 Squadron between 18 and 30 April 1945, 331 Squadron between 18 and 22 April 1945, 332 Squadron between 18 and 22 April 1945, 349 Squadron between 19 and 30 April 1945, 350 Squadron between 7 and 16 April 1945, 409 Squadron between 11 June and 1 July 1945 & 485 Squadron between 19 and 29 April 1945 After World War II

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