The Watchung Mountains are a group of three long low ridges of volcanic origin, between 400 and 500 feet (120 and 150 m) high, lying parallel to each other in northern New Jersey in the United States . The name is derived from the American Native Lenape name for them, Wach Unks (High Hills). In the 18th century, the Euro-American settlers also called them the Blue Mountains or Blue Hills (not to be confused with Blue Mountain in Sussex County ). The Watchung Mountains are known for their numerous scenic vistas overlooking the skylines of New York City and Newark, New Jersey, as well as their isolated ecosystems containing rare plants, endangered wildlife, rich minerals, and globally imperiled trap rock glade communities. The ridges traditionally contained the westward spread of urbanization, forming a significant geologic barrier beyond the piedmont west of the Hudson River; the town of Newark, for example, once included lands from the Hudson to the base of the mountains. Later treaties moved the boundary to the top of the mountain, to include the springs.
76-617: Eagle Rock Reservation is a 408.33-acre (165.25 ha) forest reserve and recreational park in the First Watchung Mountain of New Jersey (U.S.), located in the communities of West Orange , Montclair , and Verona . The land is owned and administered by the Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. The reservation is named after the Eagle Rock, a bare rock looking down from
152-525: A chapel and the first floor tavern became a ward for patients. In 1910, the late Augustus Lefebvre Revere (brother of hospital founder Paul Revere ) willed the Hospital $ 10,000 to be used for the erection of a new building. This fund was used 8 years later when the original Arnold's Tavern building was lost to a fire. The entire organization, nurses, doctors, and patients of All Souls' Hospital were then moved across Mount Kemble Avenue, U.S. Route 202 , to
228-470: A chapel, and a thrift store . Morris Township describes the influx of millionaires to the area: By 1896, an estimated 54 millionaires lived in the Morristown area, with a total wealth of $ 289,000,000, which [circa 2009] would be worth billions of dollars. Six years later in 1902, there were at least 91 millionaires. This included New York warehouse and grain broker Charles Grant Foster, who bought
304-705: A courthouse, two taverns, two schools, several stores, and numerous mills and farms nearby. George Washington first came to Morristown in May 1773, two years before the Revolutionary War broke out, and traveled from there to New York City with John Parke Custis , his stepson, and Lord Stirling . In 1777, General Washington and the Continental Army marched from the victories at Trenton and Princeton to encamp near Morristown from January to May. Washington's headquarters during that first encampment
380-522: A margin of error of +/- $ 13,384) and the median family income was $ 124,531 (+/- $ 26,526). Males had a median income of $ 61,823 (+/- $ 6,029) versus $ 55,479 (+/- $ 7,473) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 58,971 (+/- $ 3,850). Approximately, 7.5% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.5% of those under the age of 18 and 13.6% of those ages 65 or over. The 2010 United States census counted 18,411 people, 7,417 households, and 3,649 families in
456-580: A matrix of red or gray sandstone. Pyritous copper, also known as chalcopyrite , is not known to exist in ores found in the Watchungs. In the mid-twentieth century, the ability of the Watchungs to hold back the spread of urbanization was greatly reduced with the development of the interstate highway system. Three interstate highways, I-80 , I-280 , and I-78 , were built through the Watchungs, allowing midcentury suburban-style development to become economically feasible within its inner valleys and slopes. Near
532-714: A response, efforts to conserve the unique landscapes of the Watchungs have been undertaken. The largest of the conservation efforts so far is High Mountain Park Preserve , which at 1,153.7 acres (4.669 km ) sets aside one of the largest tracts of wilderness in the New Jersey Piedmont. The park is known to contain at least one globally imperiled plant, Torrey's mountain mint ( Pycnanthemum torrei ), as well as three other plants endangered within New Jersey. Other large areas of preserved land lie within
608-653: A section of the reservation, which overlooks the Manhattan skyline, to a memorial built in honor of those killed during the attacks. The names of all who perished at the World Trade Center or on the two planes that crashed into the twin towers are permanently inscribed in a marble memorial. First Watchung Mountain The Watchungs are basalt uplifts, geologically similar to the Palisades along
684-581: Is 7a. The 2020 United States census counted 20,180 people, 8,391 households, and 4,199 families in Morristown. The population density was 6,934.7 per square mile (2,679.9/km ). There were 9,029 housing units at an average density of 3,102.7 per square mile (1,199.1/km ). The racial makeup was 49.29% (9,947) white , 10.05% (2,028) black or African-American , 1.71% (345) Native American or Alaska Native , 4.8% (968) Asian , 0.06% (12) Pacific Islander , 20.47% (4,130) from other races , and 13.63% (2,750) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race
760-578: Is completely surrounded by Morris Township , making it part of 21 pairs of "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another. The downtown shopping and business district of Morristown is centered around a square park, known as the Morristown Green. It is a former market square from Morristown's colonial days. Morristown has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfa ) with hot, humid summers and moderately cold winters. The hardiness zone
836-527: Is thought that the Lenape favored the Watchungs for their profusion of natural resources, including abundant freshwater rivers and streams, a variety of forests, and plentiful fish and game. They took advantage of the rich soils and maintained many farm areas where they raised a variety of seasonal crops. The Lenape Trail goes along the edge of the cliffs of the Watchung Mountains and the Lenape used
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#1732776437190912-621: Is visible in a variety of locations that collectively make up Morristown National Historical Park , the country's first National Historical Park. Morristown was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6, 1865, within Morris Township , and it was formally set off from the township in 1895. As of the 2020 United States census , the town's population was 20,180, its highest decennial census count ever and an increase of 1,769 (+9.6%) from
988-433: The 2010 census count of 18,411, which in turn had reflected a decline of 133 (−0.7%) from the 18,544 counted at the 2000 census . According to British colonial records, the first permanent settlement in Morristown was New Hanover, founded in 1715 by colonists from New York and Connecticut . Morris County was created on March 15, 1739, from portions of Hunterdon County . The county, and ultimately Morristown itself,
1064-501: The North American Wildlife Foundation . It is championed by many organizations among the contemporary communities adjacent to the refuge. The Great Swamp, as well as other swamps retained by the Watchungs, including Great Piece Meadows , constitute the remains of Glacial Lake Passaic . The lake existed during the last ice age, eventually draining as a glacier in the northern Watchungs receded and allowed
1140-491: The Palisades Sill , but it ultimately broke out to the surface through large, episodic eruptions. The Watchung Mountains were formed from these eruptions, consisting of three separate flood basalts that may have filled nearly the entire Newark Basin. Each time the basin filled with basalt , which cooled into blocky trap rock , a period of limited volcanic activity followed, allowing sediment to be deposited on top of
1216-517: The "high cost of maintaining the estates, increasing income taxes, and the stock market crash " that led to the Great Depression . The Morris Township reports, "Many of the mansions were closed or sold, and some burned." Since 1929, more than 16,000 guide dogs for the blind from The Seeing Eye, Inc. , the oldest such school in the U.S., have been trained on the streets of Morristown. On January 5, 2009, five red lights were spotted in
1292-483: The 100 millionaires" due to the sheer extravagance of the houses that were constructed. Between 1880 and 1929, the Gilded Age of Morristown occurred, when dozens of "millionaires with large fortunes built their estates" in Morristown and Morris Township. In the 1880 United States census , the town had 5,418 residents, which grew to 8,156 in 1890. In 1889, Christian charity organization Market Street Mission
1368-479: The 1890s, which led to the incorporation of the Morristown Jewish Center in 1899. Today there are several Jewish synagogues in Morristown reflecting the diversity of the community. In the 1880s, the town's residents were primarily farmers. The small amount of stores in the Morristown Green town center were only open during the evening to accommodate farmers who did not leave their work during
1444-545: The Earth's crust. Additionally, the Watchungs feature not only blocky aa lava, but also ropey and billowing pahoehoe flows. The magma that generated the Watchungs and the Palisades also formed the intrusive igneous Sourland Mountain in Central New Jersey, as well as a series of smaller outlying volcanic ridges in the region. Cushetunk Mountain , a ring-shaped volcanic mountain between Sourland Mountain and
1520-595: The English colonial period, the rivers and streams of the Watchungs also supported grain, grist, and saw mills. Later, the energy of these rivers would be harnessed for industry, most notably at the Great Falls of the Passaic River , where mechanical and hydroelectric systems exploited the energy of water falling over the face of First Watchung Mountain . Outside of providing gradation to rivers and streams,
1596-753: The Hudson River. In many places, however, the mountains have become sinuous islands of natural landscape within the suburban sprawl covering much of contemporary northeastern New Jersey. Parks, preserves, and numerous historical sites dot the valleys and slopes of the mountains, providing recreational and cultural activities to one of the most densely populated regions of the nation. The two most prominent ridges, known as First Watchung Mountain (the southeastern ridge) and Second Watchung Mountain (the northwestern ridge), stretch for more than forty miles (64 km) from Somerville (in Somerset County ) in
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#17327764371901672-675: The Morris Canal. When the Church was rebuilt by the then-internationally famous architectural firm, McKim, Mead and White , beginning in 1889, the congregation erected one of the United States finest church buildings –a stone, English-gothic church complete with fined stained glass, and a long, decorated interior. Antoine le Blanc , a French immigrant laborer, murdered the Sayre family and their servant (or possibly slave) , Phoebe. He
1748-686: The Morristown area night skies, who gained significant press coverage and 9-1-1 calls. On April 1, 2009, the perpetrators revealed their hoax by publicizing footage of its creation, which consisted of helium balloons and flares. The event became nationally known as the Morristown UFO hoax . According to the United States Census Bureau , Morristown town had a total area of 3.01 square miles (7.79 km ), including 2.91 square miles (7.53 km ) of land and 0.10 square miles (0.25 km ) of water (3.26%). Morristown
1824-940: The Nation." The Herald claimed it "contains the richest and least known colony of wealthy people in the world." It identified 45 millionaires (15 of whom were worth over $ 10 million) who had purchased country homes in Morristown to avoid "lavish display" and seek "freedom from notoriety." The newspaper named some of them including lawyer George Griswold Frelinghuysen , carpet-making heir Eugene Higgins , banker Otto Hermann Kahn , Luther Kountze , and Louis A. Thebaud . Even smaller estates without deer herds, polo fields or private gas plants necessitated "multiple indoor and outdoor employees" such as "butlers, housekeeprs, parlor-maids and upstairs maids; governesses, nannies, and tutors; cooks and kitchen maids, coachmen, grooms, and stable boys; managers, care-takers, watchmen; gardeners and assistants." The Gilded Age of Morristown ended in 1929, due to
1900-654: The Revolutionary War. Morristown's Burnham Park has a statue, "Father of the American Revolution", depicting Thomas Paine , who wrote Common Sense in 1776, which urged a complete break from British rule and helped inspire the American Revolution . The bronze statue by sculptor Georg J. Lober shows Paine in 1776 using a drum as a table during the withdrawal of the army across New Jersey composing Crisis 1 . He wrote, "These are
1976-543: The Schuyler-Hamilton House, the Dr. Jabez Campfield House is listed on both the New Jersey and National Register of Historic Places . At Morristown Green, there is a statue commemorating the meeting of George Washington, the young Marquis de LaFayette , and young Alexander Hamilton as they discussed forthcoming aid from French ships and troops being sent by King Louis XVI to aid the Continental Army in
2052-558: The Third Watchung Mountain is confused with its basalt type locality, as on some occasions its entire length is erroneously referred to as Hook Mountain . In addition to the three main ridges of the Watchungs, a smaller fourth ridge exists south of Morristown and west of Third Watchung Mountain. While attaining elevations more than 400 ft (120 m) above sea level, the ridge lacks topographic prominence, only rising to approximately 100 ft (30 m) above
2128-451: The United States. During Washington's stay, Benedict Arnold was court-martialed at Dickerson's Tavern, on Spring Street, for charges related to profiteering from military supplies at Philadelphia . His admonishment was made public, but Washington quietly promised the hero, Arnold, to make it up to him. Alexander Hamilton courted and wed Elizabeth Schuyler at a residence where Washington's personal physician resided. Locally known as
2204-593: The Watchungs from north to south include: Noteworthy summits of the Watchungs include High Mountain , Beech Mountain , and Mount Cecchino in Wayne , which stand at 879 ft (268m), 869 ft (265m) and 755 ft (230m) above sea level. Another notable summit is The Hilltop in Verona , Cedar Grove , and North Caldwell , which peaks at 675 feet (206 m) just east of the water sphere. The Watchung Mountains are said to have been formed millions of years ago when
2280-467: The Watchungs, also served to raise the Metacomets. The Watchungs are composed principally of volcanic basalt , which historically has been used in railroad beds and road construction. In addition to this, in many places the mountains are underlain by red and white sandstone that, at times, has been used in building construction. Mica and calcareous spar often accompany these sandstone beds. Due to
2356-514: The Watchungs, is of the same geologic lineage. The Metacomet Mountains in the Connecticut River Basin, another aborted rift valley, came into existence at approximately the same time as the Watchungs, also through extrusive eruptions. While non-contiguous, the two ranges may be considered geologic cousins, having formed under similar circumstances during the rifting of Pangaea. The same erosive and tectonic forces that elevated
Eagle Rock Reservation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2432-478: The basalt layers are thick and warped into downward dipping trap rock sheets, descending below the current erosional surface of the basin. Notably, the synclines preserve not only the basalt layers, but also some overlying Jurassic sedimentary rock. The largest syncline in the basin, the Watchung syncline, contains the greater portion of the Watchung flood basalts as they appear today. The projecting, eroding edges of
2508-506: The continent of Africa collided with North America. The original inhabitants of the Watchungs, the Lenape , referred to the mountains as the Wach Unks , or ‘high hills’. Evidence of the Lenape presence in the Watchungs can be seen in numerous camps sites that have been uncovered, mainly along the rivers coursing through mountains and in the small caves abundant in the volcanic rock. It
2584-560: The daytime. There were only a few stores in town, including Adams & Fairchild grocers and P. H. Hoffman & Son clothiers, both located in the Arnold's Tavern on the Morristown Green. Starting in the mid-1800s, Morristown became a popular summer retreat for some of New York City's wealthiest residents. From the 1870s onwards, immense estates were built up along once rural thoroughfares; Madison Avenue, which runs along Morristown and Madison, New Jersey , became known as "the street of
2660-538: The end of the twentieth century, I-287 , a semi-circular beltway enclosed the Watchungs within the bulge of suburbia radiating out from New York City. Many pathways of safe passage through the mountains, retained from the time of the Lenapes, were severed and blocked by the highways. Today, along the summits of the Watchungs, talus slope environs as well as globally rare trap rock glade/outcrop communities and their unique species have become threatened by development. As
2736-537: The fact that First Watchung Mountain is said to be composed of Orange Mountain basalt , while Second Watchung Mountain is composed of Preakness Mountain basalt. The names applied to the basalts are geologic type localities , that is to say, the type of rock found at Orange Mountain is exclusive to all of First Watchung Mountain, while the type of rock found at Preakness Mountain is exclusive to all of Second Watchung Mountain. Similarly to this misinformation about First Watchung Mountain and Second Watchung Mountain, sometimes
2812-676: The farm estate and mansion of Union Army general Joseph Warren Revere in 1881. This became Fosterfields , a Jersey cow farm. It was later managed by Caroline Rose Foster , though most of its herd was sold in a 1927 auction. In 1979 it was donated to the Morris County Park Commission . The site currently houses a living history museum and Revere's historic house. In 1902, the New York Herald described Morristown as "the Millionaire City of
2888-643: The first telegraph at the Speedwell Ironworks in Morristown on January 6, 1838. The first telegraph message was A patient waiter is no loser . The first public demonstration of the invention occurred five days later as an early step toward the Information Age . Jacob Arnold's Tavern , the first headquarters for Washington in Morristown and site of Benedict Arnold 's 1780 trial, was purchased by Morristown historian Julia Keese Nelson Colles (1840-1913) to save it from demolition in 1886. It
2964-587: The flood basalts preserved in the syncline form the three ridges of the Watchung Mountains. Jurassic sedimentary rock layers between and above the three ridges form the Feltville , Towaco , and Boonton formations. Elsewhere in the Newark Basin, smaller synclines preserve the Watchung Outliers , additional fragments of the flood basalts and associated overlying sediments that have survived into
3040-552: The height of the Watchungs has proven useful for other reasons. In the French and Indian War , the military reused the Lenape signal points, as did Washington later. 200 million years ago, magma intruded into the Newark Basin , then an active rift basin associated with the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea . Initially, the magma was contained within the sedimentary strata of the basin, forming large intrusions such as
3116-437: The history of New Jersey. Parks and reservations from north to south: Morristown, New Jersey Morristown ( / ˈ m ɒr ɪ s t aʊ n / ) is a town in and the county seat of Morris County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Morristown has been called "the military capital of the American Revolution " because of its strategic role in the war for independence from Great Britain . Morristown's history
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3192-556: The hospital were built directly across the street. From December 1779 to June 1780, the Continental Army's second encampment at Morristown was at Jockey Hollow . Then, Washington's headquarters in Morristown was located at the Ford Mansion , a large mansion near what was then the edge of town. Ford's widow and children shared the house with Martha Washington and officers of the Continental Army. The winter of 1780
3268-508: The lake's water to empty out via a gap in the ridges of First Watchung Mountain and Second Watchung Mountain currently occupied by the Passaic River. General awareness of the history and natural environment of Watchungs has been increased through efforts such as the construction and designation of the Lenape Trail . The trail traverses rugged sections of the mountains while at the same time, connecting various historical sites pertinent to
3344-412: The modern era. Because the majority of the Watchung Mountains are composed of extrusive igneous trap rock, they display characteristic columnar jointing and stacked lava flows. These features are readily noted along the eastern faces of the ridges that often present mural precipices, or vertical escarpments . Similar features also can be seen in the Palisades Sill , although these were formed within
3420-424: The mountain, which marks the boundary between the towns of Montclair and West Orange, New Jersey. The Lenape Trail passes through the reservation. There are many streams that flow throughout the reservation. The forests are home to abundant wildlife, including deer and occasionally bears. Also located on the grounds of the reservation is a restaurant and special event location called Highlawn Pavilion. The building
3496-541: The natives and the Europeans at temporary posts. It became part New Netherland , a Dutch colony, but the English seized control of the region in 1664, which was granted to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton , and named the Province of New Jersey . Morristown was settled around 1715 by English Presbyterians from Southold, New York , on Long Island and New Haven, Connecticut , as
3572-598: The newly built brick hospital building. All Souls' was set to close because of financial difficulties in the late 1960s. In 1973, it became Community Medical Center. In 1977, the center became bankrupt and was purchased by the then new and larger Morristown Memorial Hospital, which is now the Morristown Medical Center . On December 18, 1843, the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church was incorporated. This
3648-454: The overlooks there as smoke signal locations. With the arrival of Europeans, the same resources that sustained the indigenous peoples served settlers. Trade in furs to European markets, a bounty of game and fish, and native garden produce for the traders was important during the Dutch colonial period when few settlements occurred. Perhaps most importantly with the settlements established during
3724-415: The population was under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.4 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 99.6 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 111,130 (with
3800-434: The population were under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 38.4% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 104.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 106.1 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income
3876-418: The population. Of the 7,417 households, 22.7% had children under the age of 18; 31.1% were married couples living together; 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 50.8% were non-families. Of all households, 38.8% were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.13. 17.6% of
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#17327764371903952-616: The prehistoric Glacial Lake Passaic . The Great Swamp, a large portion of which is designated as the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge , is a remnant of this glacial lake and presently is retained by Third Watchung Mountain. Although the Watchungs commonly are described in terms of their east-west ridge arrangement (First Watchung Mountain, Second Watchung Mountain, and Third Watchung Mountain), they also are divided into smaller mountain ranges, as well as various named ridges. Notable ranges and ridges of
4028-410: The previously erupted layer of basalt. In this way, the Newark Basin became layered with alternating strata of Watchung basalt and Jurassic sedimentary rock. Throughout the early Jurassic, the Newark Basin underwent extensive dipping and folding. The western side of the basin plunged deeper into the crust, tilting the strata of the basin to an angle of between 5 and 25 degrees. Localized deformation of
4104-514: The southwest through Morris County , Union County , Essex County , and Passaic County to Mahwah (in Bergen County ) in the northeast. Sometimes the less prominent and discontinuous ridge formed by Long Hill , Riker Hill , Hook Mountain , and Packanack Mountain is referred to as Third Watchung Mountain and lies on the northwestern side of Second Watchung Mountain. A parallel series of gaps through all three mountain ridges extends to
4180-474: The surrounding sedimentary rock. The result of this has been that the exposed edges of the eroding basalt layers have managed to persist longer than the exposed edges of the sedimentary layers, causing them to project prominently above the surrounding surface terrain as high ridges. Today, the flood basalts are preserved in the synclines adjacent to the Ramapo Fault system. It is in these synclines that
4256-535: The surrounding terrain. Only one portion of the ridge is named, a southern section underlying Harding Township known as Lees Hill . All of the ridges lie to the east of the higher Appalachian Mountains , which in northern New Jersey often are referred to as the New York - New Jersey Highlands . Together with the Appalachian Mountains to the west, the Watchungs pen in an area formerly occupied by
4332-479: The times that try men's souls..." The statue was dedicated on July 4, 1950. The idea for constructing the Morris Canal is credited to Morristown businessman George P. Macculloch, who in 1822 convened a group to discuss his concept for a canal. The group included Governor of New Jersey Isaac Halstead Williamson , which led to approval of the proposal by the New Jersey Legislature later that year. The canal
4408-477: The town. The population density was 6,284.9 per square mile (2,426.6/km ). There were 8,172 housing units at an average density of 2,789.6 per square mile (1,077.1/km ). The racial makeup was 62.50% (11,507) White , 13.97% (2,572) Black or African American , 0.64% (117) Native American , 4.34% (799) Asian , 0.06% (11) Pacific Islander , 14.84% (2,732) from other races , and 3.66% (673) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 34.09% (6,277) of
4484-509: The valleys of the Watchungs. Retained within the embrace of Third Watchung Mountain, the Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge consists of 7,600 acres (31 km2) or approximately 12 square miles (30.4 km²) of varied habitats . The refuge was created through the efforts and donations of a small group of local residents in 1959, the Jersey Jetport Site Association , and a Great Swamp Committee later formed within
4560-432: The village of New Hanover. The town's central location and road connections led to its selection as the seat of the new Morris County shortly after its separation from Hunterdon County on March 15, 1739. The village and county were named for Lewis Morris , the first and then sitting royal governor of a united colony of New Jersey . By the middle of the 18th century, Morristown had 250 residents, with two churches,
4636-504: The volcanic nature of the Watchungs, zeolites , including prehnite , analcime , and stilbite , which form from a reaction of mafic rocks in alkaline environments, can be found along exposed ridge lines. Agate , primarily in the form of chalcedony , and crystalline quartz (sometimes in the form of amethyst ), are prominent in the ancient lava flows of the Watchungs and typically, are seen as embedded nodules along exposed fronts. Datolite , another nodular mineral, has been found embedded in
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#17327764371904712-446: The volcanic rock around the Great Falls . Additionally, jasper and satin spar are known to exist within the northwestern Preakness Range. Copper also can be found in the Watchungs. Near Belleville , ore containing 8% copper was discovered, and a copper mine once operated in the area. Other copper bearing ores have been noted near Paterson . These ores typically contain cuprite (red copper oxide) and/or copper carbonate in
4788-520: The war. The Marquis de Lafayette came to Washington in Morristown to inform him that France would be sending ships and trained soldiers to aid the Continental Army. Ford Mansion, Jockey Hollow, and Fort Nonsense are all preserved as part of Morristown National Historical Park , managed by the National Park Service , which has the distinction among historic preservationists of being the first National Historical Park established in
4864-506: The west from near Springfield to the northern boundary of Chatham where the Passic River flows through the Third Watchung Mountain. Often the entireties of First Watchung Mountain and Second Watchung Mountain are erroneously referred to as Orange Mountain and Preakness Mountain . Historically, the names ‘Orange’ and ‘Preakness’ have only been applied to specific sections of these ridges. The confusion appears to have arisen from
4940-505: The western edge of the basin along the Ramapo Fault System formed alternating synclines and anticlines that warped the layers of basalt and sedimentary rock. Erosion began to attack the basin as rifting failed and deposition of new sediments ceased. Over millions of years, erosion ate downward through the tilted rock of the basin, eventually encountering the basalt layers that are significantly more erosion resistant than
5016-410: Was 25.6% (4,882) of the population. Of the 8,391 households, 19.1% had children under the age of 18; 36.2% were married couples living together; 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 33.7% were comprised of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 3.0. 13.3% of
5092-654: Was at Jacob Arnold's Tavern , located at the Morristown Green in the center of Morristown. Morristown was selected for its extremely strategic location. It was between Philadelphia and New York and near New England while being protected by the Watchung Mountains from the bulk of British troops camped in New York City. It also was chosen for the skills and trades of the residents, local industries and natural resources to provide arms, and what
5168-492: Was established on 9 Market Street beside the Morristown Green in response to the large number of saloons on Market Street. Beginning on March 18, 1889, the Mission hosted nightly meetings to aid and convert those with alcoholism, opioid use, and homelessness. As of 2022, the organization continues to operate a homeless shelter, meals, and emergency services, along with men's drug addiction recovery groups , community counseling,
5244-706: Was moved by horse-power in the winter of 1887 from "the green" (after being stuck on Bank Street for about six weeks) to a site 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south on Mount Kemble Avenue at what is now a parking lot for the Atlantic RIMM Rehabilitation Hospital. It became a boarding house for four years until it was converted by the Grey Nuns from Montreal into All Souls' Hospital , the first general hospital in Morris County. George and Martha Washington's second floor ballroom became
5320-653: Was named for the popular Governor of the Province, Lewis Morris , who championed land ownership rights for colonists. Present-day Morristown was initially inhabited by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans for up to 6,000 years prior to exploration of Europeans. The first European settlements in this portion of New Jersey were established by Sweden and the Netherlands in the early 17th century, when significant trade in furs existed between
5396-576: Was once a casino, in the old sense of the word meaning country house, which had various functions through the years, including as a place for refreshments. After the September 11 terrorist attacks , residents of nearby communities gathered to view the aftermath of the attacks on the World Trade Center . Because of this, on October 20, 2002, Essex County Executive James W. Treffinger , along with many local residents and dignitaries, dedicated
5472-428: Was the first congregation established by blacks in Morris County. It is still active. The first site of the Church was located at 13 Spring Street and served as the only schoolhouse for colored children until 1870. The Church relocated to its present site at 59 Spring Street in 1874. The first Jews moved to Morristown in the 1850s, but much larger numbers of Ashkenazi Jews migrated to the region from Eastern Europe in
5548-581: Was the worst winter of the Revolutionary War. The starvation was complicated by extreme inflation of money and lack of pay for the army. The entire Pennsylvania contingent successfully mutinied. Later, 200 New Jersey soldiers also attempted unsuccessfully to mutiny. Many soldiers died, due to weak health. During Washington's second stay, in March 1780, he declared St. Patrick's Day a holiday to honor his many Irish troops. Martha Washington traveled from Virginia and remained with her husband each winter throughout
5624-430: Was thought to be the ability of the community to provide enough food to support the army. The churches were used for inoculations for smallpox . That first headquarters, Arnold's Tavern, was eventually moved .5 miles (800 m) south of the green onto Mount Kemble Avenue to become All Souls' Hospital in the late 19th century. It suffered a fire in 1918, and the original structure was demolished, but new buildings for
5700-512: Was tried and convicted of murder of the Sayres (but not of Phoebe) on August 13, 1833. On September 6, 1833, Le Blanc became the last person hanged on the Morristown Green. Until late 2006, the house where the murders were committed was known as "Jimmy's Haunt," which is purported to be haunted by Phoebe's ghost because her murder never saw justice. Jimmy's Haunt was torn down to make way for a bank in 2007. Samuel F. B. Morse and Alfred Vail built
5776-495: Was used for a century. In July 1825 during his 15 month return tour of the United States , the Marquis de Lafayette returned to Morristown, where a ball was held in his honor at the 1807 Sansay House on DeHart Street (the edifice still stands as of 2011). In 1827, St. Peter's Episcopal Church was founded at the behest of Bishop George Washington Doane and many prominent Morristown Families, including George P. Macculloch, of
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