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43-682: Coordinates : 40°48′30.96″N 73°57′43.62″W / 40.8086000°N 73.9621167°W / 40.8086000; -73.9621167 Academic building in New York City United States historic place Earl Hall U.S. National Register of Historic Places New York State Register of Historic Places [REDACTED] Earl Hall, 2014 [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Show map of New York City [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Show map of New York [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Show map of
86-505: A tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!} is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this
129-460: A datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations a simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ),
172-596: A median debt of $ 181,000 USD, "the highest debt compared with earnings among graduates of any major university master’s program in the U.S." The School of the Arts' Film Program is well-regarded in the field and offers Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degrees with concentrations in Screenwriting/Directing and Creative Producing. The program also offers a Master of Arts (M.A.) in Film Studies. In 2016,
215-608: A point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as
258-473: A region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using the same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because
301-411: Is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b
344-480: Is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and a longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it
387-522: Is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly, the length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand
430-2518: Is a building on the campus of Columbia University . Built in 1900–1902 and designed by McKim, Mead & White , the building serves as a center for student religious life. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018 for its historic role in serving as a venue for meetings and dances of the Columbia Student Homophile League , the oldest LGBTQ student organization in the United States. References [ edit ] ^ "Building Information | Columbia University Facilities" . www.facilities.columbia.edu . Retrieved 2021-05-05 . ^ "Earl Hall at Columbia University Listed on National Register of Historic Places" . NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project . Retrieved 2021-05-05 . v t e Columbia University Schools Undergraduate College Engineering General Studies Graduate Architecture Arts Arts and Sciences Business Climate Dental International Affairs Journalism Law Medicine Nursing Professional Studies Public Health Social Work Affiliated Barnard Jewish Theological Seminary List College Teachers College Union Theological Seminary Centers and Institutes Women Radiological Oral History Computer Music Earth Global Goddard Institute Harriman Social and Economic Research Social Research (former) Tele-Information War and Peace Studies Earth Observatory Neurological Nevis RARAF Psychiatric East Asian Libraries Law Architectural and Fine Arts Burke Butler East Asian Gottesman Jewish Theological Seminary Rare Book and Manuscript Athletics Teams Columbia Lions Football Baseball Men's basketball Women's basketball Men's soccer Men's squash Women's squash Fencing Spirit Columbia blue Columbia–Cornell football rivalry Deans' Cup Liberty Cup " Roar, Lion, Roar " Roar-ee
473-411: Is different from Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS ) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms
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#1732802141842516-456: Is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana , a location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum
559-626: Is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Columbia University School of
602-465: Is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of the shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for
645-481: The International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and the far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude
688-526: The 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from a prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with
731-2110: The Arts Columbia Journal of Tax Law Columbia Journal of Transnational Law Columbia Journalism Review Columbia Law Review Columbia Political Review Journal of International Affairs The Journal of Philosophy Journal of Politics & Society Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society Revista Hispánica Moderna Teachers College Record People Trustees President Alumni and attendees Nobel laureates Related Bicentennial Calderone Prize Club of New York Core Curriculum History In popular culture Nutellagate Press Pulitzer Prize Record Student activism 1968 protests 2021–22 strike 2024 protests v t e Morningside Heights Manhattan , New York City Parks and recreation Morningside Park Riverside Park Sakura Park [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Education Bank Street College of Education Barnard College Cathedral School Columbia University International House of New York Jewish Theological Seminary of America Manhattan School of Music St. Hilda's & St. Hugh's School Teachers College Union Theological Seminary Campus Broadway Hall Brooks and Hewitt Halls Casa Italiana Delta Psi, Alpha Chapter building Earl Hall East Campus Gottesman Libraries Low Memorial Library Milbank, Brinckerhoff, and Fiske Halls Philosophy Hall Pupin Hall Students' Hall Religion Cathedral of St. John
774-774: The Arts The Columbia University School of the Arts (also known as School of the Arts or SoA ) is the fine arts graduate school of Columbia University in Morningside Heights , New York . It offers Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degrees in Film, Visual Arts, Theatre and Writing, as well as the Master of Arts (MA) degree in Film Studies. It also works closely with the Arts Initiative at Columbia University (CUArts) and organizes
817-662: The Columbia University Film Festival (CUFF), a week-long program of screenings, screenplay, and teleplay readings. Founded in 1965, the school is one of the leading institutions for the study of visual and performing arts in the United States. Among the school's distinguished graduates are sculptors David Altmejd and Banks Violette , visual artist Lisi Raskin , painters Marc Handelman and Dana Schutz , screenwriter Jennifer Lee and James Mangold , screenwriter and actress Gülse Birsel and directors Kathryn Bigelow and James Gunn . The history of
860-1036: The Divine Church of Notre Dame Corpus Christi Church Korean Methodist Church and Institute The Interchurch Center Riverside Church Other buildings Avalon Morningside Park The Colosseum Grant's Tomb The Hendrik Hudson Morningside Gardens Mount Sinai Morningside The Paterno Tom's Restaurant West End Bar Transportation Subway stations Cathedral Parkway–110th Street 116th Street–Columbia University Streets 110th Street 116th Street Amsterdam Avenue Broadway Morningside Drive Riverside Drive See also: Manhattan Community Board 9 v t e U.S. National Register of Historic Places in New York Topics Contributing property Keeper of
903-506: The Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm a year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of
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#1732802141842946-729: The European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from the one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on
989-536: The French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with
1032-3037: The Lion Venues Campbell Sports Center Commisso Soccer Stadium Lawrence A. Wien Stadium Levien Gymnasium Robertson Field at Satow Stadium Campus Academic Barnard Hall Buell Hall Casa Italiana Hamilton Hall Havemeyer Hall Hotel Theresa Lamont Campus RV Marcus G. Langseth Lewisohn Hall Milbank, Brinckerhoff, and Fiske Halls Arthur Ross Greenhouse Philosophy Hall Prentis Hall Pupin Hall Rutherfurd Observatory Reid Hall Schermerhorn Hall Residential Broadway Hall Brooks and Hewitt Halls Carman Hall East Campus Furnald Hall Hartley Hall Hogan Hall John Jay Hall Schapiro Hall Wallach Hall Statues Alexander Hamilton Alma Mater Bellerophon Taming Pegasus The Great God Pan Thomas Jefferson John Howard Van Amringe Letters and Science Life Force Le Marteleur Reclining Figure 1969–70 The Thinker Three Way Piece No.1: Points Tightrope Walker Other Columbia Transportation 116th Street–Columbia University station Alfred Lerner Hall Audubon Ballroom The Colosseum Delta Psi, Alpha Chapter Earl Hall Low Memorial Library Miller Theatre President's House Rat Rock St. Paul's Chapel Studebaker Building Tunnels Sundial Wallach Art Gallery Student life Organizations Columbia Bartending Agency Conversio Virium Nacoms and Sachems Philolexian Society Postcrypt Coffeehouse Queer Alliance St. Anthony Hall Publications The Birch Bwog Daily Spectator Jester The Blue and White The Current The Morningside Post The Federalist Radio WKCR WBAR Traditions Columbia University traditions Academic regalia Commencement Heraldry Barnard Greek Games Joyce Kilmer Memorial Bad Poetry Contest " Stand, Columbia " The Varsity Show Former Boar's Head Society I Wor Kuen Marching Band Peithologian Society West End Bar Academic publications Columbia Business Law Review Columbia Human Rights Law Review A Jailhouse Lawyer's Manual Columbia Journal of Environmental Law Columbia Journal of European Law Columbia Journal of Law &
1075-611: The MFA film program accepted 72 students out of approximately 600 applicants. The Hollywood Reporter ranked it number four in the top 25 American film schools of 2020. The School of Arts's Theatre Program offers Master of Fine Arts (M.F.A.) degrees in theater with concentrations in acting, directing, playwriting, dramaturgy, stage management, and theater management and producing. The playwriting concentration has been heralded by two-time Pulitzer Prize -winner Lynn Nottage and Tony Award winner David Henry Hwang . In 2018, applications to
1118-649: The Miller Theatre, constructed in 1924, was established as Columbia's performing arts producer following renovations to the previous space known as the McMillin Academic Theatre. In 2017, construction was completed on Renzo Piano's 60,000-square-foot Lenfest Center for the Arts, a multidisciplinary academic and performance space on Columbia's Manhattanville campus . The Lenfest also houses the Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Art Gallery. In 2021,
1161-707: The National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan New York State Register of Historic Places in New York County School buildings completed in 1902 McKim, Mead & White buildings 1902 establishments in New York City Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Short description
1204-2105: The Register Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Property types [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Lists by county Albany Allegany Bronx Broome Cattaraugus Cayuga Chautauqua Chemung Chenango Clinton Columbia Cortland Delaware Dutchess Erie Essex Franklin Fulton Genesee Greene Hamilton Herkimer Jefferson Kings (Brooklyn) Lewis Livingston Madison Monroe Montgomery Nassau New York (Manhattan) Niagara Oneida Onondaga Ontario Orange Orleans Oswego Otsego Putnam Queens Rensselaer Richmond (Staten Island) Rockland Saratoga Schenectady Schoharie Schuyler Seneca St. Lawrence Steuben Suffolk Sullivan Tioga Tompkins Ulster Warren Washington Wayne Westchester Northern Southern Wyoming Yates Lists by city Albany Buffalo New Rochelle New York City Bronx Brooklyn Queens Staten Island Manhattan Below 14th St. 14th–59th St. 59th–110th St. Above 110th St. Minor islands Niagara Falls Peekskill Poughkeepsie Rhinebeck Rochester Syracuse Yonkers Other lists Bridges and tunnels National Historic Landmarks New York City Outside New York City [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] List [REDACTED] National Register of Historic Places Portal Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_Hall&oldid=1198304855 " Categories : Columbia University campus School buildings on
1247-675: The School of Arts can be traced back to the first courses in drawing offered at Columbia in 1881. In 1900, drama critic Brander Matthews was appointed professor of Dramatic Literature, first chair of drama at any university in the country. Courses in creative writing, film, and painting followed. In 1921, the Department of Fine Arts was established for the study of architecture, painting, sculpture and scholarly works in those fields. The university's first sculpture classes were offered in 1936, followed two years later by graphic art classes. In 1947,
1290-456: The School of Arts was the subject of a Wall Street Journal investigative report into prestigious universities that run programs that have lopsided costs for students relative to their expected earnings in the field. According to the Journal, "Columbia has more high-debt master's degree programs in low-paying fields than any other Ivy League university." The article further stated alumni carry
1333-534: The School of Painting and Sculpture, and the School of Dramatic Arts were established. In December 1965, the Trustees of Columbia established the School of the Arts to train both graduate and undergraduate students. In 1970, the school began offering only graduate courses. A year later, it moved into Dodge Hall at Broadway and 116th Street and Prentis Hall on 125th Street, where the school’s classrooms, rehearsal spaces and administrative offices are located. In 1988,
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1376-615: The United States Location 2980 Broadway, New York, New York Coordinates 40°48′30.96″N 73°57′43.62″W / 40.8086000°N 73.9621167°W / 40.8086000; -73.9621167 Area less than one acre Built 1900 Architect McKim, Mead & White NRHP reference No. 100002189 NYSRHP No. 06101.019973 Significant dates Added to NRHP March 12, 2018 Designated NYSRHP January 17, 2018 Earl Hall
1419-494: The acting concentration doubled with the appointment of former Yale School of Drama acting professor Ron Van Lieu. The acting concentration has emerged as one of the highest ranking graduate acting programs in the world and is helmed by casting director James Calleri. The Theatre Program also offers a Ph.D. and joint J.D. /M.F.A. degree in association with Columbia Law School . In the Visual Arts Program at
1462-532: The basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for
1505-577: The center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of
1548-649: The default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by a national cartographical organization include the North American Datum ,
1591-490: The distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get the width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!}
1634-474: The full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used the same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding
1677-781: The length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text a little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt
1720-461: The location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires
1763-595: The longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to)
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1806-463: The melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at the Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree
1849-512: The same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at the Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In
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