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53-789: It was bought out by the South Australian Brewing Company in 1939 and its facilities became known as the company's Southwark brewery. The brewery produced Nathan beer ( Nathan Bitter ), named after a new type of beer making equipment introduced in 1927 (later renamed Southwark Bitter by the SA Brewing Co.). The first brewery in Walkerville was founded in 1847 by William Colyer and William Williams , reported by one source to be South Australia's first licensed publican, William Williams had been general storekeeper, auctioneer, first licensed victualer, landlord of

106-775: A Japan-based beverage company. It manufactures West End Draught beer. The company was created in 1888 as the South Australian Brewing, Malting, and Wine and Spirit Company , from an amalgamation of the West End Brewery (in Hindley Street , Adelaide city centre ), the Kent Town Brewery , and the wine and spirit merchants Rounsevell & Simms. In 1938 the company took over the Walkerville Brewery , whose main site

159-683: A chimney in the two teams' colours would continue at the Hoffmann Kiln at the Brickworks Marketplace in nearby Torrensville from 2021, with the cost of the painting continuing to be borne by Lion. SA Brewing was the original sponsor of the "Showdown" in the Australian Football League in 1997, and is one of the sponsors of the "Slowdown" charity football match. Goolwa, South Australia Goolwa , known as The Elbow to early settlers,

212-612: A closed brewing system in cylindro-conical vessels, in which the beer was exposed to fewer contaminants during its production, and the brewing time was much reduced. Patented first in the United States in 1908, the system was refined over the following two decades. In November 1925 the Walkerville Co-op signed an agreement with the Nathan Institute of Zǔrich for the installation of a "Nathan patent" plant at

265-667: A new listed company named Southcorp . One of Southcorp's major assets was " Southcorp Wines ", (acquired from the Adelaide Steamship Company in 1990), and subsequently acquired by Lion Nathan's main Australian rival, the Foster's Group . West End Draught was the largest selling beer in South Australia in 2007. West End Draught is a 4.5% abv pale lager , first brewed in 1859. In October 2020 it

318-560: A nursing facility in Goolwa. The spread of railways to inland Australia put an end to the river trade and Goolwa's significance as a port. With the decline of the river trade Goolwa became dependent on local farming and fishing, as well as becoming a popular destination for holidaymakers from Adelaide. In 1935 a permanent barrage (called the Goolwa Barrage ) was constructed between Hindmarsh Island and Sir Richard Peninsula on

371-614: Is 11,578. Every odd-numbered year, Goolwa hosts the South Australian Wooden Boat Festival (SAWBF). The town is a popular holiday destination and home to the PS Oscar W , a paddle steamer . Goolwa, along with the neighbouring towns of Middleton and Port Elliot and the city of Victor Harbor have in the 2000s enjoyed a nationally recognised " sea change " boom, with people moving there from more metropolitan areas for an improved lifestyle on

424-647: Is an historic river port on the Murray River near the Murray Mouth in South Australia . Goolwa is approximately 85 km (53 mi) south of Adelaide , and is joined by a bridge to Hindmarsh Island . The name "Goolwa" means "elbow" in the Ngarrindjeri language , and the area was known as "The Elbow" to the early settlers. Before 1837 the area was briefly considered for the site of

477-514: Is some seasonal lag from oceanic influence, with average maxima ranging from 24.4 °C (75.9 °F) in February to 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) in July, and average minima fluctuating between 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) in February and 7.6 °C (45.7 °F) in July. Annual precipitation is moderately low, averaging 442.2 mm (17.41 in), between 144.3 precipitation days. Despite this,

530-484: The Hindmarsh Island bridge , the construction of which had been a focus of national controversy during the 1990s . During 2008 and 2009 Goolwa suffered from one of the worst droughts in Australian history and the river which has sustained the town throughout its history was reduced to nothing much more than a channel and mudflats. The crisis prompted ongoing discussions with state and federal governments with

583-763: The Kent Town Brewery , became chairman of the board and general manager of SA Brewing; Stock died in 1904 and Samuel Jacobs served from 1904 to 1937. Jacobs' son (later Sir) Roland Jacobs was managing director from 1948 to 1967. The black and red colours of the SA Brewing Company came about after the West Adelaide Football Club (whose colours are black and red) defeated Port Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) 1911 Grand Final, and defeated VFL premiers Essendon in

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636-521: The South Australian Heritage Register on 20 May 2021. Its significance is described thus: Significance The Walkerville Brewhouse Tower built in 1886, enlarged in 1898-1899 and then doubled in size in 1901-1903, demonstrates important associations with the brewing industry in South Australia and 135 years of brewing at the site. The introduction of brewhouse towers in the late nineteenth century enabled brewers to implement

689-535: The Torrens was used as cellars. The "tunnel to Warwick St" story has elsewhere been debunked, and identified as nothing but drains. (filled in c. 1970 preparatory to erecting the Highways Department building). James Thompson was the brewer. Another brewery was constructed before 1855 on Lots 66 and 67,. It was initially owned by James Thomson and George Ball was brewer, who with George Huntley took over

742-448: The 8.4 hectares (21 acres) Thebarton site from Lion Nathan for $ 61.5 million in 2023, intending to develop it with over 1,000 homes, of which 20% would be economical residential. The site is within 2   km of the CBD, and is well serviced by trams. The West End Brewery chimney tower has been heritage-listed and will be preserved when the site is redeveloped. The tradition of painting

795-471: The Championship of Australia play-off at Adelaide Oval shortly afterwards in the same year. In 1927 T. A. Nation was the brewer and G. B. Bryant the general manager. His board of directors comprised S. J. Jacobs (later managing director), Sir Lancelot Stirling , K.C.M.G., Edward Fitzgerald, LL.D., and H. W. Morphett. The Walkerville Cooperative Brewery , which produced the popular Nathan beers,

848-496: The City-Bridge Hotel, and common brewer. later research suggests that he was the second to be licensed and the third brewer in the colony. The partnership was dissolved late the same year, and Colyer returned to England. Williams commissioned architect Thomas Price in 1846 to erect buildings, including malthouse , store and other buildings on William St (now Walkerville Tce) Lot 41. A series of three tunnels running to

901-740: The Co-operative in 1895 to manage the East Adelaide Brewery, a two-storey establishment which the newly revived E. Clark & Co. built on the south side of the River Torrens, on Walkerville Road (now Stephen Terrace). The probable location is about 1   km south of the Walkerville Brewery. E. Clark & Co. was founded with twelve shareholders inc. William Warren, James Wells, and Eliza Dreyer as Clark & Co., became Clark, Ware & Co. before absorbing

954-648: The Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth (CLLMM) Research Centre, run by the Goyder Institute for Water Research , opened, located between the Hindmarsh Island bridge and the barrage. The centre's focus is on studying and adapting to the effects of climate change in the region, by using both First Nations and scientific knowledge. Goolwa has a warm-summer mediterranean climate ( Köppen: Csb), with warm, dry summers and mild, wetter winters. There

1007-1173: The General Gordon Hotel, was bought by the Arthur, Charles and Thomas Ware, who sold to Walkerville Brewery in 1898. Frequently spelled "Torrensside", the brewery was founded by the Port Road Southwark, now Thebarton , on the banks of the River Torrens in 1886 by A. W. & T. L. Ware, and produced Southwark brand beer . Their first customer was the Exchange Hotel, operated by their brothers George and Boxer. The Ware brothers were sons of Charles James Ware (c. 1824 – 19 December 1891) who arrived in SA aboard Augustus in November 1846 and married Fanny Crawford (1829 – 7 April 1898) on 22 August 1859. Fanny arrived with her parents aboard D'Auvergne in March 1839. Fanny

1060-623: The Hindley Street building. From 1949, the brewery was again renamed Southwark Brewery, administration was centralised at Hindley Street, and in November 1951 Walkerville's Nathan beer (Bitter) was renamed Southwark beer (Bitter). "Southwark Bitter" (actually a lager ) became the most well-known product. From 1955 operations were split between the company's two major factories, with the West End Brewery in Hindley Street making only draught beer in kegs ; bottled beer only

1113-624: The Torrenside Brewery (established 1886) and the Walkerville Co-Operative Brewing Company (established 1889). The Torrenside and Walkerville breweries amalgamated in 1898 with brewing continuing at the Thebarton site. The Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company was SABCo's biggest competitor and the other major South Australian brewer during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It

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1166-671: The Wares' Torrenside Brewery, which took place in April 1898, their owners combining as Clark, Ware & Co. The East Adelaide premises were closed and the Torrenside brewery at Southwark expanded. In 1899 the activities of the Walkerville Brewing Company and Clark, Ware & Co. combined as Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company at Southwark. Additional buildings were erected at the site. The old Walkerville Brewery

1219-559: The aim of releasing more water from upstream to ensure the survival of the river. In 2009 a temporary levee (called the Clayton Regulator) was constructed between Clayton Bay and the north east side of Hindmarsh Island. The Regulator was put in place to protect the Goolwa Channel and its tributaries from the danger of acid sulfate soils . The low water level was exposing the river bed and scientific evidence warned of

1272-433: The brewery chimney with the team colours of the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) premiership team began in 1954, when a West Adelaide player and employee Clarrie Cannon suggested painting the chimney in the West Adelaide Football Club colours, red and black, as the West End Brewery (then still in Hindley Street ) was located in their territory. General manager C. R. Aitken agreed, but only if West Adelaide

1325-603: The brewery in 1868. Williams was found insolvent 1851, but had his certificate annulled in 1853 and died 1857. Lot 41 was purchased by Nathaniel. P. Levi in October 1842. Edmund Levi, (son of N. P. Levi who died 1843) took over management of Walkerville Brewery in 1853, leasing it to one James Thomson, brewer and proprietor of nearby Sussex Arms Inn. In January 1860 fire destroyed the malthouse , which had been leased to Richard Goss (died 1869), who sold malt to Simms as well as to Thomson. In 1854 Thomson relinquished his share of

1378-602: The brewing facilities at West End and centring the malting work at Kent Town . It began a campaign of purchasing hotels freehold or leasehold, and by the end of the 1880s had a stranglehold on the Adelaide market, owning 44 hotels and leasing 65. In 1893 they sold off their wine and spirit business to A. E. & F. Tolley Pty Ltd and Milne & Co. , and the name was changed to South Australian Brewing Company, Limited. Robert Stock, Edwin Smith's brother-in-law and manager of

1431-453: The business and in October left the partnership to White & Phillips who shortly went bankrupt. Thomson was found insolvent in 1864 and jailed for two months. He was not clearly related to James Turnbull Thomson , brewer and founder of Balhannnah , who had more than his share of financial failures. Around 1862 Ball & Huntley took over Thomson's defunct brewery, named it the "Black Horse Brewery". and began brewing there again, purchasing

1484-543: The coast. In March 2007, Goolwa was declared a Cittaslow by visiting Cittaslow representatives. Goolwa was the first non-European town to gain Cittaslow status. On 22 January 2010 the 4th stage of the Tour Down Under finished at Goolwa. As part of the event more than 8,000 cyclists, that participated in the preceding Mutual Community Challenge Tour , rode into Goolwa on the day. In early February 2024,

1537-410: The colony's capital; a "special survey" was undertaken in 1839–40, with a sizeable township laid out at Currency Creek and land for a port with substantial warehousing on the river where Goolwa now stands. A wharf was constructed in 1852 and government buildings soon followed, including a post office in 1853. However, the treacherous waters of the Murray Mouth made it difficult for shipping and made

1590-506: The company's brewery at Southwark, and has been claimed as the first Australian adopter of the system. The installation of the new equipment required the construction of additional buildings to accommodate it, with beer production using the new system beginning in late 1927. A formal opening ceremony took place in January 1928. (However Nathan's process was in operation at Peter Grant Hay 's Richmond N.S. Brewery in 1927, so although they signed

1643-494: The contract earlier, Southwark brewery was the second in Australia to implement the system.) Nathan Bitter, thee first beer brewed using the new process, was immediately popular, and was marketed around the whole country. However, the Walkerville company made substantial losses in the year 1928–29, and the South Australian Brewing Company was dominating the market at that time. The Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company Ltd.

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1696-591: The devastating impact of acidification of the Lower Lakes region. The Regulator immediately increased the water level between the Regulator and the Goolwa Barrage. In 2010 increased rainfall and water from upstream allowed the Regulator at Clayton Bay to be substantially removed. The rainfall has replenished much of the river and lower lakes. In late 2010 some gates on the Goolwa Barrage were opened for

1749-660: The first time in many years to allow fresh water to flow to the Murray Mouth. Continued rainfalls combined with flooding upstream in New South Wales and Victoria led to massive flows down the River Murray, and by January 2011 all the gates on the Goolwa Barrage were open. Goolwa is approximately 85 km (53 mi) south of Adelaide , and is the seat of the Alexandrina Council . It is in

1802-480: The gravitational method of brewing and were once a key element of the larger South Australian breweries. The consolidation and closure of many breweries in the twentieth century and the adoption of newer methods of brewing have led to these structures becoming uncommon. The Walkerville Brewhouse Tower is one of a few remaining and one of the largest examples of a brewhouse tower in South Australia. The Walkerville Brewhouse Tower also demonstrates important associations with

1855-406: The old Walkerville Brewing Company. The product proved so popular the factory's capacity had to be doubled a year later. In 1897 a bottling plant was installed and production capacity doubled again. By 1898 the East Adelaide Brewery was contracted to supply fifty "free houses", and once again a doubling of capacity was deemed necessary to keep up with demand. It was decided instead to amalgamate with

1908-425: The profits depended on the amount of trade they did with the company. The company merged with Clark and Ware 's company and its operations moved to Southwark , but the Walkerville Brewery had one last spasm when it was resurrected by Charles Williams in 1901 and operated for five more years before closing for the last time; see below for more information. In 1896 the hotel now known as The Griffins , then called

1961-468: The property in 1870. Their malthouse was destroyed by fire on 5 June 1871. Ball died in 1882 and Huntley continued operating the brewery until 1890 when he retired. In 1889 the brewery was taken over and run as a co-operative by a consortium of four "free" hotel owners: Robert Hyman, John Selby Cocker, Samuel Harris, and Vincent Henry Simpson. The Walkerville Brewing Company was founded with 19 other shareholders, all publicans or hotel owners, whose share of

2014-531: The property sold, operations moved to the Southwark Brewery in Thebarton, which was rebadged "West End". The old Hindley Street building was demolished in 1983, and in 1993, Lion Nathan took over the West End brands. Prior to the acquisition of the brewing assets by Lion Nathan in 1993, SA Brewing split its brewing assets into "SA Brewing Holdings", and its diversified operations were formed into

2067-488: The runners-up. The tradition of painting the colours of the premier and runners-up was maintained at the Hindley Street premises until its closure in 1980, before transferring to the Thebarton site, which was rebadged "West End". It continued there until the last finals before the closure of the brewery in 2020, with the Woodville West Torrens Eagles colours aloft. The tradition of painting

2120-415: The south eastern outskirts of Goolwa. The barrage separates the fresh water of the River Murray from the salt water coming up from the River Murray mouth. The barrage was constructed to prevent the salt water traversing further up the River Murray and polluting much needed fresh water. Goolwa had earlier been connected to Hindmarsh Island by a cable ferry; this was replaced in 2001 by the official opening of

2173-471: The state electoral district of Hammond and the federal Division of Mayo . At the 2011 census , the state suburb of Goolwa (excluding Goolwa Beach, Goolwa North and Goolwa South) had a population of 2,201. At June 2018, the estimated urban population for Goolwa together with nearby Victor Harbor was 26,532, having increased at an average annual rate of 1.07% year-on-year over the preceding five years. The portion of this combined urban area residing in Goolwa

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2226-558: The town unsuitable as a major port. Goolwa nevertheless developed as Australia's first inland port (1853). Australia's first railway was opened in 1854 to connect Goolwa to Port Elliot . It was later extended to Victor Harbor , allowing goods to move from river boats to ships, so that neither had to negotiate the Murray Mouth. Goolwa was officially established in 1857. In 1919 the District Trained Nursing Society sent Clara Winifred Howie to establish

2279-475: Was also the first of its kind in South Australia to successfully run a brewery following the cooperative model. Other breweries operating in the late 1860s included: South Australian Brewing Company The South Australian Brewing Company, Limited was a brewery located in Thebarton , an inner-west suburb of Adelaide , South Australia. It is a subsidiary of Lion , which in turn is owned by Kirin ,

2332-579: Was announced that the Thebarton brewery would be closing in June 2021, with the loss of over 90 jobs. It finally closed at close of business on 17 June 2021, with about a third of the workforce, mainly those in sales and sponsorship roles, staying on with the company in South Australia. Artefacts in the on-site museum were catalogued and donated to the State Library of South Australia and other local institutions. The South Australian Government purchased

2385-582: Was at 107 Port Road, Thebarton (the original site of Torrenside Brewery established in 1886). The company's operations continued at its two breweries on Hindley Street and Thebarton, with the Thebarton site becoming known as the Nathan Brewery after the takeover in 1838, then again reverting to its former name, Southwark Brewery , before being rebadged the West End Brewery after the Hindley Street premises closed in 1980. The Thebarton brewery closed in June 2021. The South Australian Brewing Company

2438-556: Was bought out by the South Australian Brewing Company in 1938 and its facilities became the company's main brewery. Because Nathan Bitter was so popular, they renamed the brewery the Nathan Brewery, later (1949) being renamed to Southwark Brewery. Nathan beer (Bitter) was renamed Southwark beer (Bitter) in November 1951. The Walkerville Brewhouse Tower at 107 Port Road was provisionally added to

2491-847: Was changed to Adelaide Lager in 1914 amid the anti-German sentiment that swept Australia and resulted in wholesale changing of German-sounding place names . The Walkerville Co-Operative Brewing Co. continued its growth and by the end of World War I was the largest brewery in South Australia. In September 1925 Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company, Limited, was first listed on the Adelaide Stock Exchange . Directors were Charles Boxer Ware, Frederick James Blades, Vincent Henry Simpson, and William Walter Warren. The company absorbed Haussen's Brewery in 1926; Haussen & Co. retained ownership of its string of hotels. Leopold Nathan (born 30 July 1864 in Württemberg , Germany) invented

2544-900: Was established in February 1888 as the South Australian Brewing, Malting, and Wine and Spirit Company by the amalgamation of Sir Edwin Thomas Smith 's Kent Town Brewery , William Knox Simms 's West End Brewery and the wine and spirit merchants Rounsevell & Simms (Ben Rounsevell and Alfred Simms). The managing directors of the new company were Robert Alfred Stock , Alfred Simms, and W. B. (Ben) Rounsevell. Provisional directors were Edwin Smith, W. K. Simms, W. B. Rounsevell, R. A. Stock, Alfred Simms, Charles H. T. Hart , and Frank Rymill of Adelaide, and Hon. N. Fitzgerald , John Robb , Malcolm McEacharn , John B. Watson , and John McIlwraith (brother of Thomas McIlwraith ), of Melbourne . The new company set about enlarging

2597-522: Was produced in the Thebarton plant. Until 1974, when the Whitlam government revised the Trade Practices Act , they were legally able to dispense only the company's beer in their pubs. In 1980, faced with mounting problems with traffic on West Terrace and ageing and inefficient equipment, not to mention the rapidly increasing value of City land, the original West End Brewery closed and

2650-473: Was taken over by its erstwhile head brewer Charles Williams in 1901 and operated successfully as "Williams' Walkerville Brewery", with outlets at the Tea Tree Gully Hotel and perhaps a few others not tied to either of the two combines, no doubt to the chagrin of the Co-operative, which bought out the company in 1906. A popular drink produced by the Walkerville Co-op was König Lager, whose name

2703-421: Was taken over by the South Australian Brewing Company in 1938, after which operations were concentrated on the old Torrenside Brewery (established 1886, a precursor of Walkerville Brewery). The brewery was renamed Nathan Brewery to remove the Walkerville's "Southwark" branding in 1939. In 1941, architect F. Kenneth Milne (who was contracted to the company from 1912 until 1946 ) was responsible for upgrading

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2756-716: Was the daughter of William Crawford, Builder. Charles ran the Burra Hotel, then in 1868 took over the Exchange Hotel, owned by Sir Henry Ayers . Edward Clark, son of W. H. Clark , was brewer for the Murray Brewery in Goolwa in the 1880s, formed E. Clark & Co. in Adelaide with one A. Wheelwright, was found insolvent in 1889 through lack of capital, then served as brewer for the Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company. He left

2809-409: Was the winning team that year. However Port Adelaide Football Club coach and captain, Fos Williams , said that he expected his team to win, and the men agreed that if Port Adelaide won, their colours would be painted on the chimney. Port Adelaide won that year , so the chimney was painted in black and white vertical stripes, but Williams suggested that a red stripe be painted below the black to honour

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