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135-522: The East Channel Bridge is a bridge carrying Interstate 90 from Mercer Island, Washington , to Bellevue, Washington , over the East Channel of Lake Washington , which separates Mercer Island from the rest of the Eastside . The original bridge was opened November 10, 1923, and was the first bridge to reach the island. George Lightfoot , known as the father of the other bridge on Mercer Island,
270-650: A ceiling panel collapse that killed one person. It reopened in January 2007 after repairs and retrofit work. South Dakota South Dakota ( / d ə ˈ k oʊ t ə / ; Sioux : Dakȟóta itókaga , pronounced [daˈkˣota iˈtokaga] ) is a landlocked state in the North Central region of the United States . It is also part of the Great Plains . South Dakota
405-429: A continental climate with four distinct seasons, ranging from cold, dry winters to warm and semi-humid summers. During the summers, the state's average high temperature is often close to 90 °F (32 °C), although it cools to near 60 °F (16 °C) at night. It is not unusual for South Dakota to have severe hot, dry spells in the summer with the temperature climbing above 100 °F (38 °C) several times
540-470: A rest area which overlooks the river and includes the 50-foot (15 m) Dignity statue. From Chamberlain, I-90 continues east across the plains and past several small towns near the city of Mitchell . It then reaches the Sioux Falls area, where it bypasses the city to the north and intersects I-29 and I-229 . I-90 leaves Sioux Falls and crosses into Minnesota near Brandon . I-90 crosses
675-653: A junction with I-25 , which overlaps with US 87 to Casper . From Buffalo, the highway turns east to cross the Powder River Basin , a region with several large coal mines. I-90 then reaches Gillette , where it begins a concurrency with US 14 and US 16 to a three-way split in Moorcroft . The freeway continues into the Bear Lodge Mountains (part of the Black Hills ) and
810-691: A loop on I-490 and the direct north–south spur I-390 . I-90 travels through the Finger Lakes region and moves closer to the Erie Canal as it approaches the Syracuse area. It travels through the city's northern outskirts, where it intersects I-690 , I-81 , and I-481 from west to east. It then continues to Utica , where the Thruway runs along the north side of the Mohawk River (part of
945-531: A move that has been followed by several other financial companies. South Dakota was the first state to eliminate caps on interest rates . In 2007, the site of the recently closed Homestake gold mine near Lead was chosen as the location of a new underground research facility, the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory . Despite a growing state population and recent economic development, many rural areas have been struggling over
1080-580: A national rate of 12.8%. The effect of rural flight has not been spread evenly through South Dakota, however. Although most rural counties and small towns have lost population, the Sioux Falls area, the larger counties along Interstate 29 , the Black Hills, and many Indian reservations have all gained population. As the reservations have exercised more sovereignty, some Sioux have returned to them from urban areas. Lincoln County near Sioux Falls
1215-716: A pair of decommissioned missile silos that form the Minuteman Missile National Historic Site . I-90 continues east along the top of a plateau that faces the White River and passes near Kadoka and Murdo . US 83 briefly joins the highway from Murdo to Vivian , where it splits off to serve the state capital of Pierre . It then crosses the Missouri River on the Lewis and Clark Memorial Bridge near Chamberlain and passes
1350-606: A series of ridges that face Lake Coeur d'Alene , crossing an arm of the lake on the Veterans Memorial Centennial Bridge . The freeway continues east across Fourth of July Summit and descends into the Silver Valley, where it follows the Coeur d'Alene River through several small towns along the historic Mullan Road . I-90 serves the cities of Kellogg and Wallace before it ascends into
1485-851: A short spur route near Buffalo that is not directly connected to I-90, is the highest number given to an Interstate. I-90 in Massachusetts is concurrent with the entirety of the Massachusetts Turnpike (also known as "the Pike" or "MassPike"). The turnpike begins at the New York state line in West Stockbridge and travels southeast through the Berkshires to the Pioneer Valley . The highway travels through
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#17327930008701620-627: A state on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with North Dakota . They are the 39th and 40th states admitted to the union; President Benjamin Harrison shuffled the statehood papers before signing them so that no one could tell which became a state first. Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression , increased federal spending during the 1940s and 1950s for agriculture and defense, and an industrialization of agriculture that has reduced family farming. Eastern South Dakota
1755-785: A toll-free alternative to the New York Thruway, was completed in 1976 with a connection to the Berkshire Connector, which had been originally intended to carry the I-90 designation across the Hudson River. South Dakota completed its final section in November 1976, which created an unbroken stretch of four-lane highway from the Wyoming state line to Boston but some intersections remained. The Minnesota segment of I-90
1890-504: A year. Winters are cold with January high temperatures averaging below freezing and low temperatures averaging below 10 °F (−12 °C) in most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 120 °F (49 °C) at Usta on July 15, 2006 and the lowest recorded temperature is −58 °F (−50 °C) at McIntosh on February 17, 1936. Average annual precipitation in South Dakota ranges from semi-arid conditions in
2025-497: Is South Dakota's most populous city . The state is bisected by the Missouri River , dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves, known to residents as " East River " and " West River ". South Dakota is bordered by North Dakota to the north, Minnesota to the east, Iowa to the southeast, Nebraska to the south, Wyoming to the west, and Montana to the northwest. Humans have inhabited
2160-452: Is another privately owned attraction in the Black Hills. It is a working paleontological dig and has one of the world's largest concentrations of mammoth remains. At the 2022 estimate South Dakota's population was 909,824 on July 1, 2022, a 2.61% increase since the 2020 United States census . In 2020, 6.5% of South Dakota's population was reported as under 5, 24.5% under 18, and 17.7% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 49.7% of
2295-536: Is home to a large herd of bison . Badlands National Park was established in 1978, and features an eroded, brightly colored landscape surrounded by semi-arid grasslands. Mount Rushmore National Memorial in the Black Hills was established in 1925. The sculpture of four U.S. Presidents was carved into the mountainside by sculptor Gutzon Borglum . Other areas managed by the National Park Service include Jewel Cave National Monument near Custer ,
2430-575: Is home to most of the state's population, and the area's fertile soil is used to grow a variety of crops. West of the Missouri River, ranching is the predominant agricultural activity, and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending. Most of the Native American reservations are in West River . The Black Hills , a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux, is in
2565-568: Is instead provided through a nearby junction with US 20. I-80/I-90 then continues southeast across the Maumee River to Rossford on the southern outskirts of Toledo, where it intersects I-75 . The turnpike travels southeast through a rural area near the southwest shore of Lake Erie , where it passes the cities of Fremont and Sandusky . Near Norwalk, the highway turns northeast to follow State Route 2 (SR 2) and heads to Elyria , where I-90 splits from I-80 (which remains on
2700-482: Is named after the Dakota Sioux tribe, which comprises a large portion of the population — with nine reservations currently in the state — and has historically dominated the territory. South Dakota is the 17th-largest by area , but the fifth-least populous , and the fifth-least densely populated of the 50 United States . Pierre is the state capital , and Sioux Falls , with a population of about 213,900,
2835-519: Is often considered part of Tornado Alley , and South Dakota experiences an average of 30 tornadoes each year. Severe blizzards and ice storms often occur during winter. South Dakota has several sites administered by the National Park Service . Two national parks have been established in the state, both in its southwestern region. Wind Cave National Park , established in 1903 in the Black Hills , has an extensive cave network and
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#17327930008702970-534: Is rejoined in Sundance by US 14, which looped north to serve the Devils Tower . I-90/US 14 then continues northeast to Beulah , where it enters South Dakota . I-90/US 14 enters South Dakota near Spearfish and travels east through prairie land, where it is briefly concurrent with US 85 . Beyond Sturgis , the freeway turns south and follows the edge of the Black Hills to Rapid City ,
3105-719: The Alberton Gorge and crosses the Clark Fork River several times before it reaches the head of the Missoula Valley . After a short concurrency with US 93 , I-90 runs along the north side of Missoula and joins US 12 to continue southeast along the foothills of the Garnet Range and Sapphire Mountains . After it splits from US 12 in Garrison , the freeway turns south to traverse
3240-665: The Bitterroot Range and crosses Lookout Pass , which also marks the Montana state line. Montana has the longest section of I-90, at almost 552 miles (888 km), despite the highway only serving a portion of the state's east–west width. It descends from Lookout Pass along the St. Regis and Clark Fork rivers between the foothills of the Bitteroot Range and Coeur d'Alene Mountains . The freeway travels east through
3375-664: The Black Hills during a military expedition led by George A. Custer and miners and explorers began illegally entering land promised to the Lakota. Custer's expedition took place despite the fact that the Sioux had been granted the entire western half of present-day South Dakota ( West River ) in 1868 by the Treaty of Laramie as part of the Great Sioux Reservation . The Sioux declined to grant mining rights or land in
3510-834: The Blue Line of the "L" rapid transit system runs in the median and serves several stops. I-90 turns southeast and is rejoined by I-94 in Irving Park , where it gains a set of reversible express lanes that travel for 6.2 miles (10.0 km) toward the Near West Side . The Kennedy Expressway travels south through the Near West Side, opposite the Chicago River from the Chicago Loop (the city's central business district), and intersects I-290 again at
3645-584: The Buffalo area, where the toll road runs north–south through Cheektowaga and forms an eastern bypass, using auxiliary routes I-190 and I-290 to serve the city. At a junction with I-290 near Buffalo Niagara International Airport , I-90 turns east to follow the historic Water Level Route of the New York Central Railroad , itself parallel to the 19th-century Erie Canal . The Thruway passes south of Rochester , which it serves via
3780-745: The Cleveland Memorial Shoreway until they split again in Euclid . I-90 briefly turns southeast but resumes its northeastern route after a junction with I-271 in Willoughby Hills . The freeway travels parallel to the Lake Erie shoreline through farmland and exurban towns and crosses into Pennsylvania near Conneaut . Within Pennsylvania, I-90 is non-tolled and generally travels northeast around several communities on
3915-542: The Dakota Territory was established by the United States government (this initially included North Dakota , South Dakota, and parts of Montana and Wyoming ). Settlement of the area, mostly by people from the eastern United States as well as western and northern Europe , increased rapidly, especially after the completion of an eastern railway link to Yankton in 1873. In 1874, gold was discovered in
4050-600: The Deer Lodge Valley . It then turns east to serve Butte , where it overlaps with I-15 for eight miles (13 km) and intersects I-115 . I-90 then continues southeast and crosses the Rocky Mountains and Continental Divide at Homestake Pass , which is the highest point on the entire Interstate at 6,329 feet (1,929 m). The freeway travels east across the Jefferson Valley and passes
4185-553: The Federal Highway Administration , the busiest section of I-90 is in the Chicago area, where a daily average of 306,574 vehicles use the freeway. The lowest daily traffic counts on I-90 were recorded in Wyoming, where an average of 9,820 vehicles used rural sections of the freeway. The western terminus of I-90 is at an intersection with Washington State Route 519 and 4th Avenue South in
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4320-699: The Fox Valley . The tollway cuts through the northwestern suburbs of Chicago, where it intersects I-290 in Schaumburg and passes the north side of O'Hare International Airport . On the east side of the airport in Rosemont , I-90 intersects I-294 and I-190 , the latter of which serves the airport's passenger terminals and marks the end of the tollway. The freeway, now named the Kennedy Expressway , travels through northwestern Chicago, where
4455-842: The Illinois Institute of Technology campus, and Washington Park . I-90 splits from the Dan Ryan Expressway in Englewood and turns southeast onto the tolled Chicago Skyway . The tolled Skyway travels towards the Indiana state line, which the freeway crosses near the Calumet River in the East Side . The entirety of I-90 within Indiana is concurrent with the Indiana Toll Road , which crosses
4590-640: The Illinois Tollway system as it traverses the northeastern corner of the state, primarily in the Chicago metropolitan area . It enters the state from Beloit, Wisconsin, and remains concurrent to I-39 and US 51 on the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway through the eastern outskirts of Rockford , where the highways split off. I-90 continues on the tollway as it follows US 20 southeast through Belvidere and Elgin in
4725-716: The Innerbelt Freeway and crosses the Cuyahoga River into Downtown Cleveland on the George V. Voinovich Bridges . The Innerbelt skirts the south side of Downtown Cleveland, where it intersects I-77 near Progressive Field and turns north to bisect the Goodrich–Kirtland Park neighborhood. Near Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport , the freeway makes a sharp, 90-degree turn (nicknamed " Dead Man's Curve " for its frequent crashes ) and rejoins SR 2 on
4860-426: The Jane Byrne Interchange . The freeway continues onto the Dan Ryan Expressway and crosses the Chicago River near Chinatown and an interchange with I-55 . The Dan Ryan is the widest section of I-90, at 12 through lanes, and is split between local and express lanes . I-90/I-94 is joined by the "L" Red Line in the median of the expressway through the city's South Side , where it passes Guaranteed Rate Field ,
4995-446: The La Crosse River , through several towns and Fort McCoy before it reaches a junction with I-94 in Tomah . The two Interstates join at Tomah and travel southeast along the edge of the hills of the Western Upland , following the Lemonweir and Wisconsin rivers. It passes Wisconsin Dells , situated on the gorge of the same name and home to several water parks and theme parks . The freeway travels east from Wisconsin Dells to
5130-430: The Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge , had the charge of opening the bridge for boats. In 1940, it was demolished and replaced. Currently, two parallel bridges carry I-90 traffic at this location. A steel box girder bridge, built in 1981, carries westbound I-90 traffic and the Mountains to Sound Greenway Trail, also known as the I-90 Trail. Another steel box girder bridge, built in 1988, carries eastbound I-90 traffic and
5265-405: The Lake Michigan shoreline from Lake Station to Michigan City , while the Indiana Toll Road (I-80/I-90) follows it to the south. The tollway then moves closer to the Michigan –Indiana state line and turns east, passing through the northern outskirts of South Bend and Elkhart . In South Bend, it intersects US 31 and passes near the University of Notre Dame . I-80/I-90 travels parallel to
5400-406: The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail , the Minuteman Missile National Historic Site , which features a decommissioned nuclear missile silo and a separate missile control area several miles away, and the Missouri National Recreational River . The Crazy Horse Memorial is a large mountainside sculpture near Mount Rushmore being built using private funds. The Mammoth Site near Hot Springs
5535-482: The Mississippi River . It turns southeast at Dakota and is joined by US 14 until the highways split near La Crescent . I-90 turns east before it reaches La Crescent, where it crosses the Mississippi River on the Dresbach Bridge into Wisconsin. I-90 enters Wisconsin near La Crosse and bisects French Island before it reaches Onalaska . This section is briefly concurrent to US 53 between La Crosse and Onalaska. The freeway travels east, generally along
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5670-427: The Missouri River . By 1500, the Arikara (or Ree) had settled in much of the Missouri River valley. European contact with the area began in 1743, when the LaVérendrye brothers explored the region. The LaVérendrye group buried a plate near the site of modern-day Pierre , claiming the region for France as part of greater Louisiana . In 1762 the entire region became part of the Spanish Louisiana until 1802. By
5805-416: The Northeast regions of the United States. From the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Massachusetts , approximately 760 miles (1,220 km) of I-90 uses turnpikes and other tolled highways with the exception of segments in Chicago , northeastern Ohio, Pennsylvania , and Albany, New York . The toll road sections comprise 25 percent of the freeway's total length. According to 2011 data from
5940-431: The Pacific Northwest , Mountain West , Great Plains , Midwest , and the Northeast , ending in Boston , Massachusetts. The highway serves 13 states and has 15 auxiliary routes , primarily in major cities such as Chicago , Cleveland , Buffalo , and Rochester . I-90 begins at Washington State Route 519 in Seattle and crosses the Cascade Range in Washington and the Rocky Mountains in Montana . It then traverses
6075-432: The Philippines , Mexico , Sudan and Ethiopia . The center of population of South Dakota is in Buffalo County , in the unincorporated county seat of Gann Valley . According to HUD 's 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report , there were an estimated 1,389 homeless people in South Dakota. In 2022, South Dakota had the lowest drug overdose death rate of any US state, at 11.3 per 100,000 people. According to
6210-444: The Portage area, where I-39 begins its concurrency with I-90/I-94. The highway then crosses the Wisconsin River and travels south towards Madison , where it forms an eastern bypass of the city. East of Madison, I-94 separates from I-39/I-90, which continues southeast through Edgerton and Janesville . The highway turns south and enters Beloit , where it intersects I-43 and crosses into Illinois . I-90 uses several sections of
6345-526: The Public Religion Research Institute in 2020, 73% of the adult population were Christian. Per the Pew Research Center 's separate 2014 study, the largest religious denominations in Christianity by number of adherents as a percentage of South Dakota's population in 2014 were the Catholic Church with 22 percent, evangelical Protestants with 25 percent, and mainline Protestants with 32 percent. Together, all kinds of Protestants accounted for 57 percent. Those unaffiliated with any religion represented 18 percent of
6480-549: The Seaport District . The turnpike then enters the Ted Williams Tunnel , which travels northeast under Boston Harbor to the passenger terminals at Logan International Airport . After it passes the northwest side of the airport, I-90 terminates at an interchange with Route 1A in East Boston . The section between I-93 and the airport was opened in the early 2000s as part of the Big Dig megaproject, which rebuilt several Boston freeways and extended I-90 by 3.5 miles (5.6 km). An east–west controlled access highway to serve
6615-424: The SoDo neighborhood of Seattle . The junction is south of Downtown Seattle , adjacent to the Port of Seattle and two major sports stadiums, Lumen Field and T-Mobile Park . The freeway travels east through an interchange with I-5 and around Beacon Hill before it enters the Mount Baker Ridge Tunnel alongside the future 2 Line of the Link light rail system, set to open in 2025. I-90 emerges from
6750-437: The ring-necked pheasant , has adapted well to the area after being introduced from China . Growing populations of bald eagles are spread throughout the state, especially near the Missouri River . Rivers and lakes of the grasslands support populations of walleye , carp , pike , bass , and other species. The Missouri River also contains the pre-historic paddlefish . Due to a higher elevation and level of precipitation,
6885-400: The 1910s along the future route of I-90 between Seattle and Boston. The national numbered highways along the corridor included US 10 from Seattle to Billings, Montana; US 87 from Billings to Buffalo, Wyoming ; US 16 from Buffalo to Portage, Wisconsin ; US 51 from Portage to Rockford, Illinois and US 20 from Rockford to Boston. Major portions of I-90 in
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#17327930008707020-430: The 1980s. The Pennsylvania section was planned in the early 1950s as the "Erie Extension" of the Pennsylvania Turnpike , but was instead completed as a toll-free road in October 1960 with federal funds. The completion of the section also allowed for full use of the New York State Thruway, which had been finished three years earlier but ended abruptly at the state line. I-90 would use several expressways and tollways in
7155-406: The 1990 and the 2000 census. During that time, nine counties had a population loss of greater than 10%, with Harding County , in the northwest corner of the state, losing nearly 19% of its population. Low birth rates and a lack of younger immigration has caused the median age of many of these counties to increase. In 24 counties, at least 20% of the population is over the age of 65, compared with
7290-467: The 2022 census estimate, the racial composition of the population was: Source: Ethnically, 4.9% of South Dakota's population was of Hispanic , Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race). Ethnicity for the remainder of the population is not similarly accounted by the federal government. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 25.4% of South Dakota's population younger than age 1 were 'minorities' as of 2011, meaning they had at least one parent who
7425-414: The Black Hills ecology differs significantly from that of the plains. The mountains are thickly blanketed by various types of pines , including ponderosa and lodgepole pines , as well as spruces . Black Hills mammals include deer , elk (wapiti) , bighorn sheep , mountain goats , pine marten , and mountain lions , while the streams and lakes contain several species of trout . South Dakota has
7560-419: The Black Hills, and war broke out after the U.S. failed to stop white miners and settlers from entering the region. Eventually the U.S. won and broke up the Great Sioux Reservation into five reservations, settling the Lakota there. In 1980 the Supreme Court and Congress ordered compensation to be offered but the Lakota still refuse to accept it, insisting on return of their land. A growing population in
7695-461: The Black Hills, long considered sacred by Native Americans, differs from its surroundings to such an extent it can be considered separate from the rest of western South Dakota. At times the Black Hills are combined with the rest of western South Dakota, and people often refer to the resulting two regions divided by the Missouri River as West River and East River . Eastern South Dakota generally features higher precipitation and lower topography than
7830-419: The Chicago area, the earliest of which was the Tri-State Expressway (now the Kingery Expressway), completed in 1950 and extended into Indiana the following year. It was followed by the Congress Expressway in the western suburbs, first opened in 1955, and the Northwest Tollway in 1958. The last section to be completed in Illinois was the toll-free Dan Ryan Expressway , which opened on December 15, 1962, and
7965-414: The Dakota Territory caused political dissatisfaction between northern and southern territory residents, with the southern half being always more populated. Following the territorial capital being moved from Yankton to Bismarck in the northern part, calls for dividing the territory increased. South Dakota held constitutional conventions in 1883, 1885, and 1889. Other account(s) state that the real reason for
8100-443: The Erie Canal). The section through Utica, connected to the city's downtown via I-790 , was built between the lines of SR 49 , which does not merge with the Thruway. I-90 then closely follows the Mohawk River southeast through several towns and villages between the foothills of the Catskill and Adirondack mountains. The Thruway then reaches Schenectady , which it bypasses to the southwest and intersects I-88 and I-890 ,
8235-449: The Idaho state line. I-90 traverses the Idaho Panhandle region at the north end of the state, where it connects Coeur d'Alene to communities in the Silver Valley . From the Washington state line, the freeway follows the Spokane River through Post Falls and Huetter to the city of Coeur d'Alene, where it intersects US 95 , the state's main north–south highway. I-90 then turns southeast to bypass Coeur d'Alene and travel along
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#17327930008708370-473: The Interstate Highway System, including the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway , Indiana Toll Road , Ohio Turnpike , New York State Thruway , and the Massachusetts Turnpike . These toll roads opened in the 1950s and were followed by toll-free sections in Pennsylvania and Wisconsin that were finished in the 1960s. The Midwestern sections of I-90 were fully completed in 1978, and most of the route between Seattle and South Dakota opened by 1987. The final section, near
8505-418: The Lake Erie shoreline and remains entirely in Erie County . It enters the state in Springfield Township and passes through rural areas along the lake shore, parallel to US 20 and the Lake Road . The freeway then travels through the southern outskirts of Erie , where it intersects I-79 and US 19 . I-90 returns to the rural areas of northeastern Erie County and intersects I-86 before it reaches
8640-458: The Midwest and Northeastern states used existing toll roads built by state governments in the 1950s and 1960s. The Northwest Tollway , Chicago Skyway , Indiana Toll Road , Ohio Turnpike , New York State Thruway , and Massachusetts Turnpike all predate I-90 and were incorporated into the route. This also meant that portions of the route did not adhere to Interstate Highway standards , but they were either deemed adequate or rebuilt to conform by
8775-411: The Missouri River create four large reservoirs: Lake Oahe , Lake Sharpe , Lake Francis Case , and Lewis and Clark Lake . South Dakota can generally be divided into three regions: eastern South Dakota, western South Dakota, and the Black Hills . The Missouri River serves as a boundary in terms of geographic, social, and political differences between eastern and western South Dakota. The geography of
8910-443: The New York state line near the borough of North East . At 46 miles (74 km), the Pennsylvania section is I-90's shortest within a single state. I-90 enters New York in Chautauqua County and runs concurrently with the mainline of the tolled New York State Thruway . It travels northeast along the Lake Erie shoreline between Lake Road to the north and US 20 to the south through Dunkirk and Fredonia . The highways enter
9045-413: The Northern United States was proposed in the early 20th century in several federal government documents, including reports from the Bureau of Public Roads in the 1930s and 1940s. The Interstate Highway System was created by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 , which was approved by the U.S. Congress and signed into law on June 26, 1956. I-90 was assigned to the northernmost transcontinental route in
9180-424: The Seattle–Bellevue section. The Snoqualmie Pass section was completed in 1981 with a viaduct for westbound traffic that stands 150 feet (46 m) over Denny Creek. The viaduct replaced an earlier plan for a ground-level freeway at the behest of environmentalists; the Mountains to Sound Greenway was established in 1990 along the corridor between Seattle and Thorp to preserve wilderness and recreational areas and
9315-403: The Thruway via the Berkshire Connector , which continues east into the Taconic Mountains toward the Massachusetts state line. The mileposts and sequential exit numbers on the New York State Thruway mainline originate from New York City, increasing northward on I-87 and westward on I-90; as a result, the mileposts and exit numbers on I-90 through most of New York run backwards compared to
9450-490: The U.S. entry into World War II in 1941, when demand for the state's agricultural and industrial products grew as the nation mobilized for war. In 1944, the Pick–Sloan Plan was passed as part of the Flood Control Act of 1944 by the U.S. Congress, resulting in the construction of six large dams on the Missouri River, four of which are at least partially in South Dakota. Flood control, hydroelectricity , and recreational opportunities such as boating and fishing are provided by
9585-408: The United States and the Lakota Sioux Nation , the massacre resulted in the deaths of at least 146 Sioux, many of them women and children. 31 U.S. soldiers were also killed in the conflict. During the 1930s, several economic and climatic conditions combined with disastrous results for South Dakota. A lack of rainfall, extremely high temperatures and inappropriate cultivation techniques produced what
9720-835: The Yellowstone River through Billings , overlapping with US 87 and US 212 , until it reaches Lockwood , the western terminus of I-94 . The freeways split and I-90 continues east across the Bighorn Basin before it turns south near Hardin to follow the Little Bighorn River into the Crow Indian Reservation . The highway passes the site of the Battle of the Little Bighorn near Crow Agency and continues south along
9855-511: The area for several millennia, with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century. In the late 19th century, European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east. Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars , ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890. As the southern part of the former Dakota Territory , South Dakota became
9990-433: The area formed the shoreline of an ancient inland sea. Much of South Dakota (except for the Black Hills area) is dominated by a temperate grassland biome. Although grasses and crops cover most of this region, deciduous trees such as cottonwoods , elms, and willows are common near rivers and in shelter belts . Mammals in this area include bison , deer , pronghorn , coyotes , and prairie dogs . The state bird,
10125-527: The area. In 1855, the U.S. Army bought Fort Pierre but abandoned it in 1857 in favor of Fort Randall to the south. Settlement by Americans and Europeans was by this time increasing rapidly, and in 1858 the Yankton Sioux signed the 1858 Treaty , ceding most of present-day eastern South Dakota to the United States. Land speculators founded two of eastern South Dakota's largest present-day cities: Sioux Falls in 1856 and Yankton in 1859. In 1861,
10260-531: The completion of Montana's cross-border section. The last two-lane section in Montana, near Springdale , was widened to four lanes in May 1987. One of the last rural sections of I-90 to be built was through Wallace, Idaho , which placed its downtown on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 to prevent its demolition for the freeway. The 1.5-mile (2.4 km) elevated freeway bypassed Wallace to
10395-802: The crest of the mountain range near a ski resort . From Snoqualmie Pass, I-90 follows the Yakima River into the Kittitas Valley and intersects I-82 in Ellensburg after a brief concurrency with U.S. Route 97 (US 97). The highway crosses the Columbia River on the Vantage Bridge and turns northeast to climb the cliffs of the Columbia Plateau near George . After traveling east across Moses Lake and
10530-465: The dams and their reservoirs. In recent decades, South Dakota has been transformed from a state dominated by agriculture to one with a more diversified economy. The tourism industry has grown considerably since the mid-twentieth century, with the Black Hills becoming more important as a destination. The financial service industry began to grow in the state as well, with Citibank moving its credit card operations from New York to Sioux Falls in 1981,
10665-713: The early 1950s and modified to meet Interstate standards. A bypass of Spokane Valley, Washington, opened in November 1956 as the first section in Washington and was extended into neighboring Spokane two years later. Wisconsin opened their first section in November 1959, connecting the terminus of the Illinois Tollway with Janesville, and extended the freeway through the Madison area to Wisconsin Dells in 1962. The Cleveland Innerbelt opened in stages from 1959 to 1962 and
10800-589: The early 19th century, the Sioux had largely replaced the Arikara as the dominant group in the area. In 1803, the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory , an area that included most of South Dakota, from Napoleon Bonaparte , and President Thomas Jefferson organized the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the region. In 1817, an American fur trading post was set up at present-day Fort Pierre , beginning continuous American settlement of
10935-475: The federal preference for mile-based numbers increasing from west to east. The Berkshire Connector uses west-to-east mileposts and exit numbers with a "B" prefix; the toll-free section of I-90 through Albany and Rensselaer uses conventional west-to-east mileposts and exit numbers despite being geographically north–south. I-90 is currently the only Interstate that has a complete set of nine spur routes within one state, all numbers being used. In addition, I-990 ,
11070-569: The gateway to Mount Rushmore . It then skirts the northern edge of Rapid City, which is served by spur route I-190 , and passes Ellsworth Air Force Base while it continues east across the plains. I-90 splits from US 14 near Wall , home to the Wall Drug roadside attraction and located northeast of Badlands National Park . The freeway travels southeast into the Buffalo Gap National Grassland and also passes
11205-421: The geology of this area. The Black Hills are in the southwestern part of South Dakota and extend into Wyoming . This range of low mountains covers 6,000 sq mi (16,000 km ), with peaks that rise from 2,000 to 4,000 feet (600 to 1,200 m) above their bases. The Black Hills are the location of Black Elk Peak (7,242 ft or 2,207 m above sea level), the highest point in South Dakota and also
11340-578: The happiest, healthiest state in the United States. South Dakota is in the north-central United States, and is considered a part of the Midwest by the U.S. Census Bureau; it is also part of the Great Plains region. The culture, economy, and geography of western South Dakota have more in common with the West than the Midwest. South Dakota has a total area of 77,116 square miles (199,730 km ), making
11475-668: The headwaters of the Missouri River near Three Forks . It then enters the Gallatin Valley . I-90 travels around Bozeman , where it is joined by US 191 , and crosses Bozeman Pass between the Bridger and Gallatin mountains. At the east end of the mountains, the freeway begins to follow the Yellowstone River and is briefly concurrent with US 89 , which serves Yellowstone National Park , and splits from US 191 at Big Timber . I-90 continues along
11610-479: The highest point in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains . Two-billion-year-old Precambrian formations, the oldest rocks in the state, form the central core of the Black Hills. Formations from the Paleozoic Era form the outer ring of the Black Hills; these were created between roughly 540 and 250 million years ago. This area features rocks such as limestone , which were deposited here when
11745-616: The island and enters Bellevue , the largest city of the Eastside region, and intersects I-405 near Factoria . I-90 then travels along Lake Sammamish and through Issaquah as it leaves the Seattle metropolitan area and ascends into the Cascade Range on the Mountains to Sound Greenway , a designated National Heritage Area and National Scenic Byway . The freeway crosses Snoqualmie Pass , elevation 3,022 feet (921 m), at
11880-464: The latter of which serves the city's downtown. The highway continues southeast into Albany to a junction with I-87 , where I-90 splits from the Thruway, which turns south to serve New York City . I-90 travels east as a toll-free freeway through the northern neighborhoods of Albany and intersects I-787 before it crosses the Hudson River . The freeway travels south around Rensselaer and rejoins
12015-587: The legislature passed a law to make English the "common language" of the state. Since 2019, "the language of the Great Sioux Nation , comprised of three dialects, Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota " is the official indigenous language. As of the 2000 census, 1.90% of the population age 5 or older speak German at home, while 1.51% speak Lakota or Dakota , and 1.43% Spanish. As of 2010, 93.46% (692,504) of South Dakota residents age 5 and older spoke English as their primary language . 6.54% of
12150-658: The main beltway around Boston, on the border of Weston and Newton . The turnpike continues along the Charles River into Boston, where it descends into a tunnel that passes Boston University , Fenway Park , and under the Prudential Tower complex in the Back Bay neighborhood. I-90 intersects I-93 on the south side of Downtown Boston and travels under the Fort Point Channel to serve
12285-482: The nation's largest population of Hutterites , a communal Anabaptist group which emigrated in 1874 from German-speaking villages in what today is Ukraine but at that time was part of the Russian Empire . American Indians , largely Lakota , Dakota , and Nakota (Sioux), are predominant in several counties and constitute 20 percent of the population in West River . The seven large Indian reservations in
12420-768: The national average; Ziebach County ranked as the poorest county in the nation in 2009. The unemployment rate in Fort Thompson , on the Crow Creek Reservation , is 70%, and 21% of households lack plumbing or basic kitchen appliances. A 1995 study by the U.S. Census Bureau found 58% of homes on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation did not have a telephone. The reservations' isolation also inhibits their ability to generate revenue from gaming casinos, an avenue that has proved profitable for many tribes closer to urban centers. In 1995
12555-597: The north and cost $ 42 million (equivalent to $ 84 million in 2023 dollars) to construct. It opened on September 5, 1991, and the city ceremonially retired the last stoplight on I-90 a week later. The Idaho section was declared fully complete in July 1992 after the Veterans Memorial Centennial Bridge opened near Coeur d'Alene. Washington was the last state to complete its section of I-90, primarily due to disputes and litigation over
12690-540: The northern Great Plains and travels southeast through Wisconsin and the Chicago area by following the southern shore of Lake Michigan . The freeway continues across Indiana and follows the shore of Lake Erie through Ohio and Pennsylvania to Buffalo. I-90 travels across New York by roughly following the historic Erie Canal and traverses Massachusetts , reaching its eastern terminus at Massachusetts Route 1A near Logan International Airport in Boston. The freeway
12825-414: The northern outskirts of Albert Lea and intersects I-35 northeast of the city. It then reaches Austin and a brief concurrency with US 218 . From Austin, the freeway turns northeast to head towards Rochester , which it bypasses to the south and intersects US 63 and US 52 . I-90 continues east into the hilly Driftless Area and descends from the bluffs that overlook Lake Onalaska on
12960-491: The northern suburbs of Springfield , where it intersects I-91 and crosses the Connecticut River into Chicopee . I-90 then crosses over I-391 without an interchange and serves as the northern terminus of I-291 on the eastern outskirts of the city. The turnpike continues east through the hills of Central Massachusetts and serves as the eastern terminus of I-84 in the town of Sturbridge . From Sturbridge,
13095-429: The northwestern part of the state (around 15 inches or 380 mm) to semi-humid around the southeast portion of the state (around 25 inches or 640 mm), although a small area centered on Lead in the Black Hills has the highest precipitation at nearly 30 inches (760 mm) per year. South Dakota summers bring frequent, sometimes severe, thunderstorms with high winds, thunder, and hail. The state's eastern part
13230-495: The past 50 years with locally declining populations and the emigration of educated young adults to larger South Dakota cities, such as Rapid City or Sioux Falls, or to other states. Mechanization and consolidation of agriculture has contributed greatly to the declining number of smaller family farms and the resulting economic and demographic challenges facing rural towns. However, the state often ranks highly for its way of life, and Gallup's well-being index in 2018 named South Dakota
13365-645: The population spoke a language other than English. 2.06% (15,292) of the population spoke Spanish, 1.39% (10,282) spoke Dakota , and 1.37% (10,140) spoke German. Other languages spoken included Vietnamese (0.16%), Chinese (0.12%), and Russian (0.10%). Over the last several decades, the population in many rural areas has declined in South Dakota, in common with other Great Plains states. The change has been characterized as " rural flight " as family farming has declined. Young people have moved to cities for other employment. This trend has continued in recent years, with 30 of South Dakota's counties losing population between
13500-601: The population. As of the 2020 census, South Dakota ranked fifth-lowest in the nation in population and population density, only North Dakota , Alaska , Vermont , and Wyoming have fewer residents. Of the people residing in South Dakota, 65.7% were born in South Dakota, 31.4% were born in another U.S. state, 0.6% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s), and 2.3% were born in another country. The top countries of origin for South Dakota's immigrants and refugees in 2018 were Guatemala ,
13635-612: The river and the Wolf Mountains into Wyoming. From 1995 to 1999, there was no numbered daytime speed limit on rural highways in Montana, including I-90. The speed limit was simply defined as "reasonable and proper" as determined on a case-by-case basis by the Montana Highway Patrol until the Montana Supreme Court ruled it was unconstitutional. The maximum daytime speed limit in Montana
13770-462: The southeastern corner of South Dakota. Layers deposited during the Pleistocene epoch, starting around two million years ago, cover most of eastern South Dakota. These are the youngest rock and sediment layers in the state, the product of several successive periods of glaciation which deposited a large amount of rocks and soil, known as till , over the area. The Great Plains cover most of
13905-756: The southern portion of Minnesota and carries unsigned Legislative Route 391 across the state. From the South Dakota border near Beaver Creek to Albert Lea , the freeway travels east across farmland and towns in the plains and rolling hills of the Buffalo Ridge . It also intersects several north–south highways, including US 75 in Luverne , US 59 in Worthington , US 71 in Jackson , and US 169 in Blue Earth . I-90 travels around
14040-446: The southwest part of the state. Mount Rushmore , a major tourist destination, is there. South Dakota has a temperate continental climate , with four distinct seasons and precipitation levels ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west. The state's ecology features species typical of a North American grassland biome. While several Democrats have represented South Dakota for multiple terms in both chambers of Congress ,
14175-468: The split was a political lure for four Republican senators instead of two from the Republican dominated Dakota Territory and in their push to split the territory, Republican congressmen also ignored the uncomfortable fact that much of the land in the anticipated state of South Dakota belonged to the Sioux. Eventually, in the 1887 general election, Dakota Territory residents voted for the division, so it
14310-477: The state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party , whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 14 presidential elections . Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle, South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in other areas to both attract and retain residents. South Dakota's history and rural character still strongly influence
14445-779: The state line until it reaches an interchange with I-69 near Fremont , where it turns southeast. The tollway then turns east and crosses the Ohio state line near Angola . At the state line near Montpelier , I-80/I-90 transitions from the Indiana Toll Road to the Ohio Turnpike , which crosses northern Ohio. The highway continues east around several rural towns as it approaches the Toledo area. The turnpike crosses under I-475 in Maumee without an interchange; access to I-475
14580-568: The state occupy an area much diminished from their former Great Sioux Reservation of West River, which the federal government had once allocated to the Sioux tribes. South Dakota has the third-highest proportion of Native Americans of any state, behind Alaska and New Mexico . Five of the state's counties are wholly within the boundaries of sovereign Indian reservations . Because of the limitations of climate and land, and isolation from urban areas with more employment opportunities, living standards on many South Dakota reservations are often far below
14715-458: The state the 17th largest in the Union. Black Elk Peak , formerly named Harney Peak, with an elevation of 7,242 ft (2,207 m), is the state's highest point, while the shoreline of Big Stone Lake is the lowest, with an elevation of 966 ft (294 m). South Dakota is bordered to the north by North Dakota ; to the south by Nebraska ; to the east by Iowa and Minnesota ; and to
14850-592: The state's culture. Humans have lived in what is today South Dakota for several thousand years. The first inhabitants were Paleoindian hunter-gatherers, and disappeared from the area around 5000 BC. Between 500 AD and 800 AD, a semi-nomadic people known as the Mound Builders lived in central and eastern South Dakota. In the 14th century, the Crow Creek Massacre occurred, in which several hundred men, women, and children were killed near
14985-588: The state's northern fringe and is mostly shared with I-80 . From the Illinois state line, the tollway travels south through Hammond and turns east to follow the Grand Calumet River through northern Gary , where it intersects US 41 and US 12. I-90 then crosses I-65 in eastern Gary and I-94 in Lake Station , where it begins a concurrency with I-80. I-94 travels northeast near
15120-404: The surrounding agricultural region, I-90 begins a long concurrency with US 395 at Ritzville as the highways turn northeast towards Spokane . I-90/US 395 is joined by US 2 through western Spokane, where it intersects US 195 . The freeway crosses downtown Spokane on an elevated viaduct and splits from US 2 and US 395 to continue east across Spokane Valley towards
15255-629: The system by the American Association of State Highway Officials in 1957. The freeway would travel along existing parts of the United States Numbered Highway System , which was established at the suggestion of the federal government in 1926 to replace the named auto trails . Among these auto trails, which were generally designated by private motorist organizations, were the transcontinental Yellowstone Trail and National Parks Highway , created in
15390-505: The tunnel on a pair of floating bridges , among the longest of their kind: the eastbound-only Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge and the Homer M. Hadley Memorial Bridge , which carries westbound traffic and the future light rail line. The floating bridges cross Lake Washington to Mercer Island , where I-90 travels through a series of tunnels under 14 acres (5.7 ha) of parkland, including Aubrey Davis Park . The freeway continues from
15525-500: The turnpike travels northeast towards Worcester and passes through the city's southern outskirts. It serves as the respective northern and western terminus of I-395 and I-290 in Auburn , located southwest of Worcester, and continues to an interchange with I-495 near Westborough at the edge of Greater Boston . I-90 travels through the western suburbs of Boston and travels through Framingham before it intersects I-95 / Route 128 ,
15660-602: The turnpike). The freeway then merges with SR 2 and continues northeast through the lakeshore suburbs west of Cleveland , including Rocky River and Lakewood . I-90 and SR 2 separate after crossing the Rocky River and travel parallel to each other as they enter Cleveland. I-90 continues through the southwestern residential neighborhoods of Cleveland and reaches a junction with I-71 and I-490 in Tremont , where it turns north. From Tremont, I-90 turns north onto
15795-497: The under-construction 2 Line of Sound Transit 's Link light rail system. This article about a bridge in the U.S. state of Washington is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Interstate 90 Interstate 90 ( I-90 ) is an east–west transcontinental freeway and the longest Interstate Highway in the United States at 3,021 miles (4,862 km). It begins in Seattle, Washington , and travels through
15930-676: The west by Wyoming and Montana . The geographical center of the U.S. is 17 miles (27 km) west of Castle Rock in Butte County . The North American continental pole of inaccessibility is between Allen and Kyle , 1,024 mi (1,648 km) from the nearest coastline. The Missouri River is the largest and longest river in the state. Other major South Dakota rivers include the Cheyenne , James , Big Sioux , and White Rivers. Eastern South Dakota has many natural lakes, mostly created by periods of glaciation. Additionally, dams on
16065-970: The western part of the state. Smaller geographic regions of this area include the Coteau des Prairies , the Dissected Till Plains , and the James River Valley. The Coteau des Prairies is a plateau bordered on the east by the Minnesota River Valley and on the west by the James River Basin. Further west, the James River Basin is mostly low, flat, highly eroded land, following the flow of the James River through South Dakota from north to south. The Dissected Till Plains, an area of rolling hills and fertile soil that covers much of Iowa and Nebraska, extends into
16200-675: The western terminus in Seattle, opened in September 1993; an eastern extension in Boston was completed in 2003 as part of the Big Dig project. I-90 is the longest Interstate Highway in the United States, spanning 3,021 miles (4,862 km) across the northern portion of the coterminous part of the country. The transcontinental freeway passes through 13 states in the Pacific Northwest , Mountain West , Great Plains , Midwest , and
16335-512: The western two-thirds of South Dakota. West of the Missouri River the landscape becomes more arid and rugged, consisting of rolling hills, plains, ravines, and steep flat-topped hills called buttes . In the south, east of the Black Hills, lie the South Dakota Badlands . Erosion from the Black Hills, marine skeletons which fell to the bottom of a large shallow sea that once covered the area, and volcanic material all contribute to
16470-451: Was declared complete in September 1978 with a dedication at Blue Earth, where a golden line was painted to emulate the golden spike of the first transcontinental railroad . Two months later, Ohio finished its last section west of Cleveland. The western states were the last to complete their segments of I-90. Wyoming opened its final section, from the Montana state line to Sheridan, in July 1985 and dedicated it three months later following
16605-403: Was described as the "world's widest freeway" at the time. In 1965, the designation for I-90 was switched with I-94 south of Chicago, which moved it to the tolled Chicago Skyway (completed in 1958); the change was requested by the Illinois and Indiana state governments to avoid confusion and provide a continuous toll connection to the Indiana Toll Road, which had been fully opened in 1956. I-90
16740-545: Was designated as a National Scenic Byway in 1998, a first for an Interstate Highway. The extension into Seattle was completed in stages between 1989 and 1993 and cost $ 1.56 billion (equivalent to $ 2.97 billion in 2023 dollars) to construct. The project involved construction of a new floating bridge , expansion of the Mount Baker Ridge Tunnel, addition of lids with parks, and extensive mitigation for environmental and social impacts. The project
16875-433: Was divided in half and Republican President Benjamin Harrison signed proclamations formally admitting South Dakota and North Dakota to the union on November 2, 1889. Harrison had the papers shuffled to obscure which one was signed first and the order went unrecorded. On December 29, 1890, the Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation . Commonly cited as the last major armed conflict between
17010-618: Was established by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 , replacing a series of existing U.S. highways that had been preceded by local roads and auto trails established in the early 20th century. I-90 was numbered in 1957, reflecting its status as the northernmost transcontinental route of the system, and construction was underway on several sections with funding from the Federal-Aid Highway Act. The route also incorporates several toll roads that predate
17145-904: Was followed by extensions to Buffalo and the Albany area by the end of the year. It was extended to the Pennsylvania state line in 1957 and to the Massachusetts Turnpike via the Berkshire Connector in 1959. The Berkshire section linked with the Massachusetts Turnpike, which had opened in 1957 from the state line to Newton, a distance of 123 miles (198 km). The turnpike was extended into Boston in two stages: first by 9 miles (14 km) from Newton to Allston in September 1964; and finally with an extension to I-93 near South Station in Downtown Boston that opened on February 18, 1965. The freeway also incorporated other non-tolled expressway bypasses planned by state governments in
17280-685: Was initially set at 75 mph (120 km/h) in 1999 and was later raised to 80 mph (130 km/h) in 2015. I-90 serves a portion of northeastern Wyoming that is primarily rural. The freeway, briefly concurrent to US 14 , travels southeast along a series of creeks to Sheridan in the northeastern foothills of the Bighorn Mountains . I-90 and US 87 split in Sheridan and travel parallel to each other to Fort Phil Kearny , where they rejoin and continue south past Lake Desmet to Buffalo . The highways split again near Buffalo at
17415-602: Was known as the Dust Bowl in South Dakota and several other plains states. Fertile topsoil was blown away in massive dust storms, and several harvests were completely ruined. The experiences of the Dust Bowl, coupled with local bank foreclosures and the general economic effects of the Great Depression , resulted in many South Dakotans leaving the state. The population of South Dakota declined by more than 7% between 1930 and 1940. Economic stability returned with
17550-438: Was moved onto the Kennedy Expressway in 1977 and its western route was replaced with I-290 from Schaumburg to the Circle Interchange in Chicago. The other tolled sections of I-90 were completed in the 1950s by their respective state governments. The 241-mile (388 km) Ohio Turnpike opened to traffic on October 1, 1955, three years after construction began. The first segment of the New York Thruway opened in June 1954 and
17685-434: Was not non-Hispanic white. As of 2000, the five largest ancestry groups in South Dakota are German (40.7%), Norwegian (15.3%), Irish (10.4%), Native American (8.3%), and English (7.1%). German Americans are the largest ancestry group in most parts of the state, especially in East River (east of the Missouri River), although there are also large Scandinavian-descended populations in some counties. South Dakota has
17820-401: Was originally planned to be completed in 1992, but was delayed a year due to the sinking of the original floating bridge during renovations in November 1990; the bridge was rebuilt and opened for eastbound traffic on September 12, 1993. Extensions at both termini of I-90 were completed in the early 2000s as part of separate projects. The west end at Washington State Route 519 in Seattle
17955-516: Was originally planned to connect with the Parma Freeway , which would have carried I-90 around the northwest side of Downtown Cleveland . It was later cancelled in the 1960s amid public opposition . The first Minnesota section, built to bypass Austin, began construction in 1957 and opened in 1961. Wisconsin was among the first states to complete its rural Interstate system and opened its final section of I-90, from La Crosse to Tomah, in November 1969. The section around Albany, New York, built as
18090-463: Was rebuilt as a series of ramps near Safeco Field (now T-Mobile Park) to replace an existing intersection. A component of the Big Dig megaproject in Boston that extended I-90 east by 3.5 miles (5.6 km) under Fort Point Channel and Boston Harbor to Logan International Airport opened on January 18, 2003, at a cost of $ 6.5 billion (equivalent to $ 10.3 billion in 2023 dollars). The Fort Point Channel tunnel later closed in July 2006 due to
18225-402: Was the seventh fastest-growing county (by percentage) in the United States in 2010. The growth in these areas has compensated for losses in the rest of the state. South Dakota's total population continues to increase steadily, albeit at a slower rate than the national average. Religious self-identification, per Public Religion Research Institute 's 2022 American Values Survey According to
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