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78-539: The East Kilbride News began in 1952, and is the longest serving local newspaper for the East Kilbride area. It first started out of a small office in nearby Cambuslang , and was sold for 2d. It later opened an office in the town in 1967, though it took the form of a small counter in the W and R Holmes bookshop, which was situated in Righead Gate, with a couple of small rooms upstairs. Around 15 months later,

156-426: A monastery on the site of the present Old Parish Church in the later sixth century. He is the patron saint of Cambuslang, where there is a modern primary school named after him. His feast day is 25 September. In medieval times, Cadoc was called on for help by (among others) deaf people and those suffering from cramp . He was a Celtic saint – previously, a Prince of Glamorgan – who brought succour to

234-735: A "well-ordered" monarchy was part of God's plan, the Covenanters committed to "defend the king's person and authority with our goods, bodies, and lives". The idea of government without a king was inconceivable. This view was generally shared by English Parliamentarians , who wanted to control Charles, not remove him, but both they and their Royalist opponents were further divided over religious doctrine . In Scotland, near unanimous agreement on doctrine meant differences centred on who held ultimate authority in clerical affairs. Royalists tended to be "traditionalist" in religion and politics but there were various factors, including nationalist allegiance to

312-531: A Saxon raiding party at " Benevenna ", most probably near Weedon Bec , Northamptonshire . St Cadoc was prestigious enough in his lifetime for local chiefs to have recourse to him to settle disputes. This reputation lasted well into the Middle Ages, where solemn bonds and oaths were sworn over his (or his followers') remains. Just before the Reformation, a wealthy Cambuslang notable expressed in his will

390-780: A desire to be interred " with the ashes of St Cadoc ", in the Parish Kirk. David Dale (1739–1806) was a Scottish industrialist and philanthropist. His efforts to establish a cotton-spinning factory at Flemington failed but he was very successful as co-founder of the New Lanark Mills in 1786. Dale owned the estate of Rosebank in Cambuslang, which he used as a summer retreat from his townhouse (reputedly still standing) in Charlotte Street Glasgow and to where he retired and lived until his death. The estate

468-574: A history of further education colleges, although there are no longer any in the town. Primary schools ( 2022–23 pupil roll in parentheses : Some parts of Cambuslang are within the catchment area of Stonelaw High School , which is situated in Rutherglen, the adjoining town. Uddingston Grammar School , one train stop from Cambuslang on the Motherwell via Bellshill line, includes Newton Farm Primary in its catchment. Cambuslang College of

546-488: A more conciliatory policy. Letters of Indulgence were issued in 1669, 1672 and 1679, allowing evicted ministers to return to their parishes, if they agreed to avoid politics. A number returned but over 150 refused the offer, while many Episcopalians were alienated by the compromise. The outcome was a return to persecution; preaching at a conventicle was made punishable by death, while attendance attracted severe sanctions. In 1674, heritors and masters were made responsible for

624-473: A revised Book of Common Prayer was introduced in 1637, it caused anger and widespread rioting across Scotland, perhaps the most famous sparked when Jenny Geddes threw a stool at the minister in St Giles Cathedral . More recently, historians like Mark Kishlansky have argued she was part of a series of carefully planned and co-ordinated acts of protest, the origin being as much political as it

702-543: A town hall, it may also be considered the largest village in Scotland. It is within the local authority area of South Lanarkshire and directly borders the town of Rutherglen to the west. Historically, it was a large civil parish incorporating the nearby hamlets of Newton , Flemington, Westburn and Halfway . Cambuslang is located just south of the River Clyde and about six miles (ten kilometres) southeast of

780-407: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cambuslang Cambuslang / ˈ k æ m b ə s ˈ l æ ŋ / ( Scots : Cammuslang , from Scottish Gaelic : Camas Lang ) is a town on the south-eastern outskirts of Greater Glasgow , Scotland. With approximately 30,000 residents, it is the 27th largest town in Scotland by population, although, never having had

858-504: Is fairly typical of most Scottish towns. In sport, Cambuslang F.C. were founder members of the Scottish Football League whose most notable achievement was being the runners-up in the 1887–88 Scottish Cup . They folded by the early 20th century, as did Scottish Junior Cup winners Cambuslang Hibernian , but a new team Cambuslang Rangers F.C. was established and continues to this day – they enjoyed great success in

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936-410: Is in Cambuslang. The local geography of Cambuslang explains a great deal of its history. It has been very prosperous over time, depending first upon its agricultural land (supplying food, then wool , then linen ), then the mineral resources under its soil ( limestone and coal and to some extent, iron ). These were guarded by the medieval Church , and later by the local aristocracy, particularly

1014-596: Is situated at a junction serving all of the aforementioned lines. Several bus routes pass through Cambuslang, with First Bus Glasgow currently operating most services between Lanarkshire and Glasgow. Several private hire taxi firms currently operate out of Cambuslang too. National Cycle Route 75 passes through Cambuslang and extensive cycle lanes were added to the Main Street ( A724 ) in 2016, although these were to prove controversial. St Cadoc (c 497 – c 580), also called " Cadow " or " Cattwg ", reputedly founded

1092-742: Is that erected at Greyfriars Kirkyard in 1707, commemorating 18,000 martyrs killed from 1661 to 1680. In 1721 and 1722, Robert Wodrow published The History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland from the Restoration to the Revolution , detailing the persecution of the Covenanter movement from 1660 to 1690. This work would be brought forward again when elements in the Church of Scotland felt it to be suffering state interference, as at

1170-638: The 2015 and 2019 elections representing the Scottish National Party , with Labour's Ged Killen serving from 2017 to 2019. Michael Shanks retained the seat comfortably when the revived Rutherglen constituency was first contested in 2024 . Cambuslang was originally in the Glasgow Rutherglen Constituency for the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood. In 2011 the boundaries were redrawn and

1248-536: The Battle of Bothwell Bridge in June. Although battlefield casualties were relatively few, over 1,200 prisoners were sentenced to transportation, the chief prosecutor being Lord Advocate Rosehaugh . Claims of undocumented, indiscriminate killing in the aftermath of the battle have also been made. Defeat split the movement into moderates and extremists, the latter headed by Donald Cargill and Richard Cameron who issued

1326-782: The Claim of Right and the "Articles of Grievances", which held James forfeited the Crown by his actions; on 11 May, William and Mary became co-monarchs of Scotland. Although William wanted to retain bishops, the role played by Covenanters during the Jacobite rising of 1689 , including the Cameronians' defence of Dunkeld in August, meant their views prevailed in the political settlement that followed. The General Assembly met in November 1690 for

1404-536: The Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1652. After defeat in 1651, the Covenanters split into two factions. Over two-thirds of the ministry supported the Resolution of December 1650 re-admitting Royalists and Engagers and were known as "Resolutioners". "Protestors" were largely former Kirk Party fundamentalists or Whiggamores who blamed defeat on compromise with "malignants". Differences between

1482-644: The Disruption of 1843 . Throughout the 17th century, Covenanter congregations were established in Ireland , primarily in Ulster ; for a variety of reasons, many subsequently migrated to North America . In 1717, William Tennent moved with his family to Philadelphia , where he later founded Log College , the first Presbyterian seminary in North America. In North America, many former Covenanters joined

1560-605: The Duke of Hamilton (previously Barons of Cadzow and Earls of Arran ). Because of its relative prosperity, Cambuslang has been intimately concerned in the politics of the country (through the Hamilton connection) and of the local Church . Bishop John Cameron of Glasgow , and Cardinal Beaton , were both Rectors of Cambuslang. This importance continued following the Protestant Reformation . From then until

1638-844: The First English Civil War on the side of Parliament . As the Wars of the Three Kingdoms progressed, many Covenanters came to view English religious Independents like Oliver Cromwell as a greater threat than the Royalists, particularly their opposition to state religion . During the 1648 Second English Civil War , a Covenanter faction known as Engagers allied with Scots and English Royalists. A Scottish army invaded England, but were defeated . The Kirk Party now gained political power, and in 1650, agreed to provide Charles II with Scottish military support to regain

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1716-600: The First Statistical Account of Scotland . The cool, objective account in his report of the Cambuslang Wark remains the prime historical source for that event. He kept a detailed " Journal and Register of the Weather ..." for each day over 29 years, with remarks on weather and events throughout Britain and the world. This Journal is still quoted in modern histories of the weather. He is buried in

1794-614: The Glorious Revolution a stream of Ministers of Cambuslang came, were expelled, or were re-instated, according to whether supporters of the King, Covenanters , or Oliver Cromwell were in power. The religious movements of the 18th century , including the Cambuslang Wark , were directly linked to similar movements in North America. The Scottish Enlightenment was well represented in the person of Rev Dr James Meek ,

1872-478: The Holy Sepulchre . The Europe he walked through was being battered by the barbarian invasions, so it is not improbable that he managed to reach Cambuslang. However, as no mention is made in the legends of an expedition this far north, it might have been a disciple , or a pilgrim returning from Glamorgan with a relic , who established the church at Cambuslang. Cadoc was cut down, while serving Mass , by

1950-493: The Old Parish Church kirkyard, just inside the gate. Covenanters Covenanters were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. It originated in disputes with James VI and his son Charles I over church organisation and doctrine , but expanded into political conflict over

2028-722: The Reformed Presbyterian Global Alliance . The 16th century Scottish Reformation resulted in the creation of a reformed Church of Scotland , informally known as the Kirk , which was Presbyterian in structure, and Calvinist in doctrine. In December 1557, it became the state church of Scotland, and in 1560, the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession which rejected many Catholic teachings and practices. The Confession

2106-499: The Sanquhar Declaration in June 1680. While Covenanters previously claimed to object only to state religious policy, this renounced any allegiance to either Charles, or his Catholic brother James . Adherents were known as Cameronians , and although a relatively small minority, the deaths of Cameron, his brother and Cargill gained them considerable sympathy. The 1681 Scottish Succession and Test Acts made obedience to

2184-642: The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service , the Scottish national training centre for firefighters is based in Cambuslang (having previously been located in Gullane , East Lothian ). There has been a Parish school in Cambuslang at least since the Reformation , and probably before that. The schoolteacher was appointed and paid by the heritors , though he also charged fees. Free primary education came with

2262-919: The Second English Civil War resulted in the execution of Charles in January 1649 and the Kirk Party taking control of the General Assembly. In February 1649, the Scots proclaimed Charles II "King of Great Britain". Under the terms of the Treaty of Breda , the Kirk Party agreed to restore him to the English throne and in return he accepted the Covenant. Defeats at Dunbar and Worcester resulted with Scotland being incorporated into

2340-579: The "good behaviour" of their tenants and servants; from 1677, this meant posting bonds for those living on their land. In 1678, 3,000 Lowland militia and 6,000 Highlanders, known as the "Highland Host", were billeted in the Covenanting shires, especially those in the South-West, as a form of punishment. The assassination of Archbishop Sharp by Covenanter radicals in May 1679 led to a revolt that ended at

2418-499: The 18th century by a turnpike road then, in the 19th century, by a railway . In the 21st century, it continues to derive benefit from its proximity to Glasgow and to wider communication networks, particularly via the M74 motorway system. Its increasing (and increasingly diverse) population posed problems, over the centuries, of employment and housing as well as of schooling and health, not all of which have been solved; in this regard, it

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2496-684: The 1970s. Cambuslang is in the Rutherglen Constituency for elections to the House of Commons at Westminster , having been within Rutherglen and Hamilton West between 2005 and 2024. As of October 2023, Michael Shanks of the Scottish Labour Party is the local MP. He won a by-election after the previous incumbent Margaret Ferrier , latterly an independent , was removed in a recall petition . Ferrier won

2574-801: The B759. The town's railway station, Cambuslang , lies on the Argyle Line between central Glasgow and Lanark . The Reverend Dr John Robertson , Minister of Cambuslang Kirk, described the Parish in the Second Statistical Account of Scotland 1845. "It is bounded by the Clyde on the north, which separates it from the Parish of Old Monkland ; by the Calder on the east, which separates it from Blantyre ; by part of Blantyre and Kilbryde , on

2652-588: The Building Trades was a specialist college established in the mid-twentieth century but it gradually expanded to teach other trades and academic subjects. It became Cambuslang College of Further Education in the 1960s, and went on to open a campus in East Kilbride, as well as facilities in Hamilton and Wishaw. A substantial annexe remained in Cambuslang on Hamilton Road, by now located in the former Gateside School. Reflecting its wider geographical coverage, it became South Lanarkshire College in 2000. In 2008,

2730-524: The Cambuslang campus closed and all South Lanarkshire College facilities were moved to a new, custom-built campus in East Kilbride. South Lanarkshire College has links with University of the West of Scotland , Hamilton Campus, a degree-awarding higher education institution, 3 miles (5 km) away in Hamilton , so that local students can progress through to degrees. As well as hosting the headquarters of

2808-628: The Commonwealth without further consultation on 21 April 1652. Contests for control of individual presbyteries made the split increasingly bitter and in July 1653 each faction held its own General Assembly in Edinburgh. Robert Lilburne , English military commander in Scotland, used the excuse of Resolutioner church services praying for the success of Glencairn's rising to dissolve both sessions. The Assembly would not formally reconvene until 1690,

2886-496: The Covenant; Charles tried to impose his authority in the 1639 and 1640 Bishop's Wars , with his defeat leaving the Covenanters in control of Scotland. When the First English Civil War began in 1642, the Scots remained neutral at first but sent troops to Ulster to support their co-religionists in the Irish Rebellion ; the bitterness of this conflict radicalised views in Scotland and Ireland. Since Calvinists believed

2964-695: The East Kilbride News was one of the first firms to move into what would become the Olympia Arcade of the East Kilbride Shopping Centre . They remained there until July 2009, where the Scottish and Universal Newspapers centralise their South Lanarkshire Operations, including the Hamilton Advertiser and Rutherglen Reformer , into an office in Hamilton. This Scottish newspaper-related article

3042-635: The Education Act for Scotland (1871). The original Cambuslang Public School can be seen on Greenlees Road, where it is now Greenlees Care Home. It had been for some time the Cambuslang College of the Building Trades, which became part of Cambuslang College (now South Lanarkshire College ). An even earlier school is now a Gospel Hall in Bushiehill Street. The Cambuslang Subscription School of 1848 provided basic education to

3120-448: The English throne, then crowned him King of Britain in 1651. Scotland lost the subsequent Anglo-Scottish War of 1650 to 1652 and was absorbed into the Commonwealth of England . The Kirk lost its position as the state church , and the rulings of its assemblies were no longer enforced by law. Following the 1660 Stuart Restoration , the Parliament of Scotland passed laws reversing reforms enacted since 1639. Bishops were restored to

3198-625: The Episcopalian establishment; their acquittal on 30 June destroyed James' political authority. Representatives from the English political class invited William to assume the English throne; when he landed in Brixham on 5 November, James' army deserted him and he left for France on 23 December. The Scottish Convention elected in March to determine settlement of the Scottish throne was dominated by Covenanter sympathisers. On 4 April, it passed

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3276-449: The Independents who dominated the New Model Army as a bigger threat than the Royalists and when Charles surrendered in 1646, they began negotiations to restore him to the English throne. In December 1647, Charles agreed to impose Presbyterianism in England for three years and suppress the Independents but his refusal to take the Covenant himself split the Covenanters into Engagers and Kirk Party fundamentalists or Whiggamores . Defeat in

3354-633: The Kirk was restored as the national church, independent sects banned and all office-holders required to renounce the 1638 Covenant; about a third, or around 270 in total, refused to do so and lost their positions as a result. Most occurred in the south-west of Scotland, an area particularly strong in its Covenanting sympathies; the practice of holding conventicles outside the formal structure continued, often attracting thousands of worshippers. The government alternated between persecution and toleration; in 1663, it declared dissenting ministers "seditious persons" and imposed heavy fines on those who failed to attend

3432-402: The Kirk, including appointing Gillespie Principal of the University of Glasgow , against the wishes of the James Guthrie and Warriston -led Protestor majority. The Protectorate authorities effectively became arbitrators between the factions, each of whom appointed representatives to argue their case in London; the repercussions affected the Kirk for decades to come. After the Restoration of

3510-489: The Kirk, while ministers and other officeholders were obliged to take the Oath of Abjuration rejecting the 1638 Covenant. As a result, many Covenanters opposed the new regime, leading to a series of plots and armed rebellions. After the 1688 Glorious Revolution in Scotland , the Church of Scotland was re-established as a wholly Presbyterian structure and most Covenanters readmitted. Dissident minorities persisted in Scotland, Ireland, and North America , which continue today as

3588-492: The Kirk. These factors contributed to the rapid defeat of Argyll's Rising in June 1685; in a bid to widen its appeal, his manifesto omitted any mention of the 1638 Covenant. Renwick and his followers refused to support it as a result. A major factor in the defeat of Argyll's Rising was the desire for stability within the Kirk. By issuing Letters of Indulgence to dissident Presbyterians in 1687, James now threatened to re-open this debate and undermine his own Episcopalian base. At

3666-712: The Kirk. Individual motives were very complex, and many fought on both sides, including Montrose , a Covenanter general in 1639 and 1640 who nearly restored Royalist rule in Scotland in 1645. The Covenanter faction led by Argyll saw religious union with England as the best way to preserve a Presbyterian Kirk and in October 1643, the Solemn League and Covenant agreed a Presbyterian Union in return for Scottish military support. Royalists and moderates in both Scotland and England opposed this on nationalist grounds, while religious Independents like Oliver Cromwell claimed he would fight, rather than agree to it. The Covenanters and their English Presbyterian allies gradually came to see

3744-404: The Minister. His troubles with his parishioners foreshadowed the split in the Church of Scotland during the 19th century. The manufacturing industries that grew up from the agricultural and mineral resources attracted immigrants from all over Scotland and Ireland and other European countries. Cambuslang benefited at all times from its closeness to the burgeoning city of Glasgow, brought closer in

3822-448: The Monarchy in 1660, Scotland regained control of the Kirk, but the Rescissory Act 1661 restored the legal position of 1633 and removing the Covenanter reforms of 1638–1639. The Privy Council of Scotland restored bishops on 6 September 1661. James Sharp , leader of the Resolutioners, became Archbishop of St Andrews ; Robert Leighton was consecrated Bishop of Dunblane , and soon an entire bench of bishops had been appointed. In 1662,

3900-401: The National Covenant said nothing about bishops, they were expelled from the kirk when the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland met in Glasgow in December 1638. Support for the Covenant was widespread except in Aberdeenshire and Banff , centre of Episcopalian resistance for the next 60 years. The Marquess of Argyll and six other members of the Scottish Privy Council had backed

3978-474: The Parliament as a 'list member' for the Glasgow region , elected on a proportional representation basis, until 2021. Administratively, the town centre is within the Cambuslang West ward of South Lanarkshire Council , which has a population of around 15,000. Taking another ward encompassing the eastern parts of the town into consideration, its overall population was approximately 30,000 in 2016. With neighbouring Rutherglen 's figures being very similar,

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4056-424: The Resolutioner majority instead meeting in informal "Consultations" and Protestors holding field assemblies or conventicles outside Resolutioner-controlled kirk structures. When the Protectorate was established in 1654, Lord Broghill , head of the Council of State for Scotland summarised his dilemma; "the Resolutioners love Charles Stuart and hate us, while the Protesters love neither him nor us." Neither side

4134-434: The centre of Glasgow. It has a long history of coal mining , from at least 1490, iron and steel making , and ancillary engineering works, most recently The Hoover Company (in the town from 1946 to 2005). The Clydebridge Steelworks and other smaller manufacturing businesses continue but most employment in the area comes from the distribution or service industries. The headquarters of the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service

4212-407: The children of miners and weavers in return for a few coppers. It was attractive to those who did not like the influence of the gentry and the minister on the parish school. There are three railway stations within the boundaries of Cambuslang - Cambuslang itself, on the Argyle Line section of the West Coast Main Line , Kirkhill on the Newton branch of the Cathcart Circle , and Newton , which

4290-423: The church still exists, the vast majority of its members joined the Free Church of Scotland in 1876. Covenanter graves and memorials from the "Killing Time" became important in perpetuating a political message, initially by the small minority of the United Societies who remained outside the Kirk. In 1701, their Assembly undertook to recover or mark the graves of the dead; many were to be found in remote places, as

4368-411: The contrast of open parkland and the Borgie Glen, which is a steep tree-lined ravine, containing a complex network of pathways. The park also features a pond, sports pitches, war memorial (depicting a soldier in a kilt), woodland areas and the Bandstand, which is a natural amphitheatre, near where the famous Cambuslang Wark took place in the 18th century. There is a range of schools in Cambuslang, and

4446-442: The first time since 1654; even before it convened, over 200 Episcopalian ministers had been removed from their livings. The Assembly once again eliminated episcopacy and created two commissions for the south and north of the Tay, which over the next 25 years removed almost two-thirds of all ministers. To offset this, nearly one hundred clergy returned to the Kirk in the 1693 and 1695 Acts of Indulgence, while others were protected by

4524-405: The government of the time deliberately sought to avoid creating places of pilgrimage. Old Mortality , an 1816 novel by Sir Walter Scott , features a character who spends his time travelling around Scotland, renewing inscriptions on Covenanter graves. In 1966, the Scottish Covenanter Memorial Association was established, which maintains these monuments throughout Scotland. One of the most famous

4602-404: The lands to build suburban villas in the 1860s. Rev Dr James Meek (1739–1810) was Minister of Cambuslang from 1774 until his death. He had been Dean of the Chapel at Glasgow University , when the Rector was Edmund Burke and the professors included the philosopher Thomas Reid . He was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1795. He wrote the entry for Cambuslang in

4680-433: The limits of royal authority. In 1638, thousands of Scots signed the National Covenant , pledging to resist changes in religious practice imposed by Charles. This led to the 1639 and 1640 Bishops' Wars , which ended with the Covenanters in control of the Scottish government. In response to the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , Covenanter troops were sent to Ireland , and the 1643 Solemn League and Covenant brought them into

4758-423: The local gentry and retained their positions until death by natural causes. Following the 1690 settlement, a small minority of the United Societies followed Cameronian leader Robert Hamilton in refusing to re-enter the Kirk. They continued as an informal grouping until 1706, when John M'Millan was appointed minister; in 1743, he and Thomas Nairn set up the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland . Although

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4836-483: The majority of kirk ministers had been educated in French Calvinist universities, most of which were suppressed in the Huguenot rebellions of the 1620s. These links, combined with a general perception that Protestant Europe was under attack, meant heightened sensitivity around religious practice. In 1636, Charles I replaced the existing Scottish Book of Discipline with a new Book of Canons , and excommunicated anyone who denied Royal supremacy in church matters. When

4914-423: The many services and amenities shared between the towns should provide for 60,000 residents, many assessed as living in economic hardship. Cambuslang is located on a lengthy bend on the River Clyde , south-east of Glasgow. The town is accessible from the nearby M74 ; the nearby A724 links to Glasgow city centre and Hamilton ; the town is also accessible by car from East Kilbride by the A725 , A749 and then

4992-426: The monarch a legal obligation, "regardless of religion", but in return confirmed the primacy of the Kirk "as currently constituted". This excluded the Covenanters, who wanted to restore it to the structure prevailing in 1640. A number of government figures, including James Dalrymple , chief legal officer , and Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll , objected to inconsistencies in the Act and refused to swear. Argyll

5070-445: The native Christians against the invading Saxons . Cambuslang is at the northernmost reach of the Welsh speaking Brythons , so he may well have visited here in his wanderings, or in an effort to secure help against the Saxons . He had travelled to Ireland , to Brittany (to visit the Welsh-speaking monks there), Rome (the centre of Western Christianity ) and Jerusalem (from where he brought back two altar stones that had touched

5148-399: The new constituency renamed simply Rutherglen , despite its boundaries taking in not only Cambuslang but also Blantyre . In the 2016 election, Clare Haughey won the seat for the SNP with 15,222 votes, giving a majority of 11.4%, replacing James Kelly who had been elected both in 2007 and 2011 . Haughey was re-elected in 2021 with a slightly increased majority. Kelly remained in

5226-465: The parish churches of the " King's curates" . In 1666, a group of men from Galloway captured the local military commander, marched on Edinburgh and were defeated at the Battle of Rullion Green . Around 50 prisoners were taken, while a number of others were arrested; 33 were executed and the rest transported to Barbados. The Rising led to the replacement of the Duke of Rothes as King's Commissioner by John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale who followed

5304-598: The period known in Protestant historiography as " the Killing Time "; the Scottish Privy Council authorised the extrajudicial execution of any Covenanters caught in arms, policies carried out by troops under John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee . At the same time, Lord Rosehaugh adopted the French practice of same day trial and execution for militants who refused to swear oaths of loyalty to the king. Despite his Catholicism, James VII became king in April 1685 with widespread support, largely due to fears of civil war if he were bypassed, and opposition to re-opening past divisions within

5382-444: The same time, he excluded the Society People, and created another Covenanter martyr with the execution of Renwick in February 1688. In June 1688, two events turned dissent into a crisis: the birth of James Francis Edward on 10 June created a Catholic heir, excluding James' Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange . Prosecuting the Seven Bishops seemed to go beyond tolerance for Catholicism and into an assault on

5460-605: The south; and by Carmunnock and Rutherglen on the west." The highest points in this low-lying Parish are Dechmont Hill (602 ft) and Turnlaw (or Turnlea) Hill (553 ft.) There are remains of an Iron Age fort on Dechmont. Cambuslang has an interesting range of churches, public buildings, schools, industrial and commercial buildings (see Buildings of Cambuslang ). Its domestic buildings range from 19th-century mansions, villas and tenements to modern flats and detached houses, along with sheltered and nursing homes. Cambuslang Park spans 27 acres (11 ha) encompassing

5538-485: The two were both religious and political, including church government, religious toleration and the role of law in a godly society. Following the events of 1648–51, Cromwell decided the only way forward was to eliminate the power of the Scottish landed elite and the Kirk. The Terms of Incorporation published on 12 February 1652 made a new Council of Scotland responsible for regulating church affairs and allowed freedom of worship for all Protestant sects. Since Presbyterianism

5616-525: Was adopted by James VI , and re-affirmed first in 1590, then in 1596. However, James argued that as king, he was also head of the church, governing through bishops appointed by himself. When James became king of England in 1603, he saw a unified Church of England and Scotland as the first step in creating a centralised, unionist state. Although both churches shared much of the same doctrine, even Scottish bishops rejected many Church of England practices as little better than Catholic. By 1630, Catholicism

5694-634: Was convicted of treason and sentenced to death, although he and Dalrymple escaped to the Dutch Republic . The Cameronians were now organised more formally as the United Societies; estimates of their numbers vary from 6,000 to 7,000, mostly concentrated in Argyllshire. Led by James Renwick , in 1684 copies of an Apologetical Declaration were posted in different locations, effectively declaring war on government officers. This led to

5772-672: Was largely confined to the aristocracy and remote, Gaelic-speaking areas of the Highlands and Islands but opposition to it remained widespread in Scotland. Many Scots fought in the Thirty Years' War , one of the most destructive religious conflicts in European history, while there were close economic and cultural with the Protestant Dutch Republic , then fighting for independence from Catholic Spain . Lastly,

5850-484: Was no longer the state religion, kirk sessions and synods functioned as before but its edicts were not enforced by civil penalties. Covenanters were hostile to sects like the Congregationalists and Quakers because they advocated separation of church and state. Apart from a small number of Protestors known as Separatists, the vast majority refused to accept these changes, and Scotland was incorporated into

5928-497: Was religious. Supervised by Archibald Johnston and Alexander Henderson , in February 1638 representatives from all sections of Scottish society agreed to a National Covenant , pledging resistance to liturgical "innovations". Covenanters believed they were preserving a divinely ordained form of religion which Charles was seeking to alter, although debate as to what exactly that meant persisted until finally settled in 1690. While

6006-649: Was sold after his death to the Caledonian Railway Company, which divided it in two to accommodate the new railway. The half to the north of the railway line, including Rosebank House, eventually became Rosebank Industrial Estate. The southern half was sold to Thomas Gray Buchanan , a Glasgow merchant, related to the Buchanan who established Buchanan Street in Glasgow, who established a country retreat at Wellshott House, but his son Michael sold off

6084-621: Was willing to co-operate with the Protectorate except in Glasgow , where Protestors led by Patrick Gillespie used the authorities in their contest with local Resolutioners. Since the Resolutioners controlled 750 of 900 parishes, Broghill recognised they could not be ignored; his policy was to isolate the "extreme" elements of both factions, hoping to create a new, moderate majority. He therefore encouraged internal divisions within

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