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64-477: The National Art School (NAS) is a tertiary level art school , located in Darlinghurst , an inner-city suburb of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . The school is an independent accredited higher education provider offering specialised study in studio arts practice across various disciplines. With its origins in the formation of Sydney Mechanics’ School of Arts in 1843, NAS has been in operation on

128-529: A Board of Directors to oversee governance of the institution. The National Art School is on Gadigal land in Darlinghurst, Sydney, with its inner-city campus on the heritage-listed site of the former Darlinghurst Gaol which dates from 1822. In 2022 NAS celebrates 100 years teaching art at this location, but the School's history dates back to 1843, when regular art classes were held by John Skinner Prout at

192-530: A CRC, composed of the Federal Government monies combined with industry and university funds, was used to fund industry-driven projects with a high potential for commercialisation. It was perceived that this would lead to CRCs becoming self-sustaining (self-funding) entities in the long-term, although this has not eventuated. Most Australian universities have some involvement as partners in CRCs, and CSIRO

256-495: A Doctor of Fine Art from 2019. In 2019, NAS was designated a State Significant Organisation by the NSW State Government (on par with Sydney's Museum of Contemporary Art and Carriageworks), which secured ongoing funding for the School and recognised its important role as a leading tertiary education institution. NAS was also granted a 45-year lease on the former Darlinghurst Gaol site, providing crucial stability for

320-539: A Master of Fine Art in 2001. At this time NAS still sat within the Department of Education and Training (DET), and in 2006 it was under threat of being incorporated into one of NSW's existing universities. After more lobbying and activity by FoNAS and other NAS supporters, in 2009 the School moved out of DET management and became a fully independent tertiary education provider. Since then NAS has expanded its degrees, short courses and public programs, including offering

384-686: A comparatively high proportion of international students as a percentage of students enrolled, at 26.5% in 2018. Australia has the fifth-highest number of foreign students worldwide. The 56% of 462,033 international students in Australia are from top-5 nations; China (23%), India (16%), Nepal (10%), Colombia (4%) and Thailand (3%) with enrollment ratio of 50% in Higher Education (229,833), 35% VET (162,193), 11% ELICOS English language course (50,246), 2% Schools (19,704) and 2% Non-Award (8,057). In 2022, 69% of Australians aged 20–64 had

448-665: A distinctive panopticon design, the gaol complex held prisoners from 1841 to 1914 including poet Henry Lawson ; newspaper editor J. F. Archibald ; murderer and artist Henry Louis Bertrand ; bushranger Captain Moonlite ; Aboriginal outlaw Jimmy Governor ; female bushranger Jessie Hickman ; Kate Leigh , who became Sydney's famous razor gang madam; and Louisa Collins , the last woman to be hanged in NSW. Tertiary education in Australia Tertiary education in Australia

512-404: A much loved landmark over the past forty years. Other major contributions include: The Dobell Prize is an acquisitive award, with the gallery keeping past winners in the permanent collection. There were 685 entrants in the first year of the prize, in 1993, of which only 34 were exhibited, and there were similar numbers in following years. At the presentation of the 2012 Dobell Drawing Prize it

576-448: A national system of Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs). These new centres were focused on a narrow band of research themes (e.g., photonics , cast metals, etc.) and were intended to foster cooperation between universities and industry. A typical CRC would be composed of a number of industry partners, university partners and CSIRO. Each CRC would be funded by the Federal Government for an initial period of several years. The total budget of

640-770: A publication. NAS has been a participating venue for the Biennale of Sydney, the Sydney Festival, the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras, VIVID, Sydney Craft Week, and the annual Sydney Contemporary art fair, exhibiting the work of recent NAS graduates. In 2019 NAS partnered with the Sir William Dobell Art Foundation to produce the Dobell Drawing Prize #21. The Dobell Prize for Drawing had previously been presented by

704-609: A retrospective of NAS alumnus Guy Warren's drawing practice which opened on his 100th birthday, April 16, 2021. Originally under the management of the NSW Department of Education , in 2009 the School was re-established by the New South Wales Government as a public company limited by guarantee, with two members, the NSW Minister for Arts and the NSW Minister for Education. The Ministers appointed

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768-608: A significant component of their overall activities. For this reason, the Australian Government established the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in 1926 as a backbone for Australian scientific research, which still exists today. Two university colleges and no new universities were established before World War II . On the eve of the war, Australia's population reached seven million. The university participation level

832-578: A tertiary qualification, and 24% had multiple qualifications. Among all the ethnic groups in Australia , the Indian Australians are the highest educated group in Australia with 54.6% having a bachelor's or higher degree, more than three times Australia's national average of 17.2%. The first university established in Australia was the University of Sydney in 1850, followed in 1853 by

896-602: A threshold level – at that point, the fees are automatically deducted through income tax. By the late 1980s, the Australian tertiary education system was still a three-tier system, composed of: However, by this point, the roles of the universities, institutes of technology and the CSIRO had also become blurred. Institutes of technology had moved from their traditional role of undergraduate teaching and industry-consulting towards conducting pure and applied research. They also had

960-1063: Is formal education beyond high school in Australia , consisting of both government and private institutions and divided into two sectors; Higher Education (provided by universities) and Vocational Education and Training (VET) provided by government-owned TAFEs & private Registered Training Organisations (RTO). Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), the Australian national education policy, classifies tertiary qualification into 10 levels : level 1 to 4 vocational certificates (I - IV); level 5 & 6 undergraduate diploma and advanced diploma ; level 6 associate degree ; level 7 bachelor degree , level 8 bachelor honours degree & graduate certificates and graduate diplomas ; level 9 for master's degree ; and level 10 PhD . Most universities are government owned and mostly self-regulated. For other institutes (VETs, i.e. TAFE & RTO) there are two national regulators for tertiary education for registration, recognition and quality assurance of both

1024-681: Is a core component of all studies at NAS and is taught throughout each degree. In 2020, NAS launched the National Centre for Drawing, which seeks to promote and nurture practice, research and scholarship in drawing, and in 2021 opened The Drawing Gallery, a new exhibition space on campus dedicated to drawing. The inaugural show in The Drawing Gallery was From the Mountain to the Sky: Guy Warren Drawings ,

1088-713: Is allocated their own studio space, and their practical skills are underpinned by core study in drawing for all BFA students. Entry to the NAS degree program requires core academic qualifications and the submission of a portfolio of work by the applicant which is reviewed by academic staff. NAS has taught artists including Margaret Olley , Lyndon Dadswell , Guy Warren , John Olsen , Tim Storrier , Cressida Campbell , Fiona Hall , James Gleeson , Peter Atkins , Lucy Culliton , Karla Dickens , Juz Kitson , Guy Maestri , Mitch Cairns , Joan Ross and Natasha Walsh . (See list below for more alumni.) Many alumni have returned to NAS over

1152-819: Is also significantly represented across the spectrum of these centres. This has led to a further blurring of the role of CSIRO and how it fits in with research in Australian universities. From 1989 to 1999, there was an increase of 28% in adults studying in post-compulsory courses, most of which whom were studying in the tertiary sector. In 2006, Campion College was opened in Sydney as a Roman Catholic liberal arts tertiary college, with an original intake of 16 students, growing to 30-40 per year. In 2008, Canberra lifted restrictions on university enrolments, in order to make tertiary education more accessible to students from socioeconomic groups which had previously had relatively low levels of participation in higher education. In 2017

1216-429: Is the national Education policy of Australia. It integrates all levels of tertiary education (both vocational and higher education), from trade certificates to higher doctorates , into a single unified classification system based on the following 10 levels. Dobell Prize The Dobell Drawing Prize is one of the highest value prizes for drawing in Australia . The prize had previously been held in conjunction with

1280-961: The Archibald Prize , Sulman Prize , and Wynne Prize at the Art Gallery of NSW. The Dobell Drawing Prize, now held at the National Art School, runs in alternative years to the Dobell Australian Drawing Biennial at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. The prize was initiated by the Trustees of the Sir William Dobell Art Foundation. In 2003, the prize money was $ 20,000. This was increased to $ 25,000 in 2009 and increased again to $ 30,000 (AUD) in 2019 when

1344-399: The University of Melbourne . Prior to federation in 1901 two more universities were established: the University of Adelaide (1874) and the University of Tasmania (1890). At the time of federation, Australia's population was 3,788,100 and there were fewer than 2,652 university students. Two other universities were established soon after federation: the University of Queensland (1909) and

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1408-541: The University of Newcastle (1965), Flinders University (1966), James Cook University (1970), Griffith University (1971), Deakin University (1974), Murdoch University (1975), and the University of Wollongong (1975). By 1960, the number of students enrolled in Australian Universities had reached 53,000. By 1975 there were 148,000 students in 19 universities. Until 1973, university tuition

1472-510: The University of Western Australia (1911). All of these universities were controlled by State governments and were largely modelled on the traditional British university system and adopted both architectural and educational features in line with the (then) strongly influential 'mother' country. In his paper Higher Education in Australia: Structure, Policy and Debate Jim Breen observed that in 1914 only 3,300 students (or 0.1% of

1536-598: The " Australasian Conference of Tertiary Admission Centres " (ACTAC) which calculates an Australia-wide ATAR-like national rank called "Combined Rank" (CR). Domestic students usually pay lot less subsidised-fees compared to the International students. Additionally, the domestic students are entitled to publicly funded universal health care insurance scheme Medicare , Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and various social security welfare payments & benefits , e.g. Austudy Payment, Youth Allowance, etc. , to meet

1600-636: The " domestic students " regardless of whether they did the prior schooling in Australia or overseas. All others are considered the " international students ". Domestic students need to apply only once to the TACs (State-based unified Tertiary Admission Center) of the relevant state for admission to all the universities within that state, which grant admission based on the ATAR -based " Selection Rank " (SR). Those students with International Baccalaureate (IB), both domestic and international students, must apply to

1664-464: The "provider institutes" as well as the "individual courses" provided by the providers. Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) regulates institutes which provide education from level 5 or above. Australian Skills Quality Authority (ASQA) regulates institutes which provide education from level 1 to level 6. For admission in Australian institutes, Australian & New Zealand citizens or Australian permanent residents , are considered

1728-654: The 100th birthday of NAS alumnus Guy Warren; and John Olsen: Goya's Dog , a major retrospective for NAS alumnus and former teacher John Olsen. NAS exhibitions are accompanied by scholarly catalogues and public programs including talks, workshops and symposia to foster the interpretation, understanding and appreciation of art. In 2021 NAS co-presented the Frame of Mind: Mental Health and the Arts public program with Edith Cowan University in Perth, including talks, exhibitions, symposia and

1792-464: The 1960s and 70s, hosting early performances from artists such as John Bell , Yvonne Kenny , Peter Sculthorpe , David Malouf , Jim Sharman and Nick Cave . It is now used by the school as an educational space for events including lectures, talks, symposiums and exhibitions, and also as a venue for hire. In addition to its role as an educator, NAS presents a professionally curated annual public exhibition program. Exhibition spaces on campus include

1856-563: The Art Gallery of NSW, starting in 1993. The new iteration of the Prize at NAS aims to showcase technical skill, innovation and expanded definitions of drawing, with a major exhibition of finalists open to the public in the NAS Gallery. In 2019, the $ 30,000 acquisitive prize was awarded to Justine Varga , who uses photographic processes as a means of drawing. In 2021, the Dobell Drawing Prize #22 showcased drawings by 64 finalists from around

1920-600: The Art Gallery of NSW, the Museum of Contemporary Art and the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences. In 2021, NAS presented the Dobell Drawing Prize#22 , a long-running biannual prize supported by the Sir William Dobell Art Foundation ; Queer Contemporary: Skin Deep , a performance art project and exhibition for the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras; From the Mountain to the Sky: Guy Warren Drawings , celebrating

1984-605: The Australian population) were enrolled in universities. In 1920 the Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee (AVCC) was formed to represent the interests of these six universities. The 'non-university' institutions originally issued only trade/technical certificates, diplomas and professional bachelor's degrees. Although universities were differentiated from technical colleges and institutes of technology through their participation in research, Australian universities were initially not established with research as

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2048-484: The Australian visual arts, attracting and inspiring generations of artists. The Dobell Drawing Prize exhibition is part of the NAS Festival of Drawing, a biennial event organised by the School's National Centre for Drawing which was established in 2020. The festival includes talks, workshops and a research symposium, and with the Dobell Drawing Prize complements the School's rigorous academic drawing program. Drawing

2112-459: The BFA and MFA degrees, students select a major from six artistic disciplines: ceramics, drawing, painting, photomedia, printmaking and sculpture. In addition to learning the skills of their chosen practice, all students also study art history and theory for the duration of their degree. The degree courses at NAS follow a studio-based teaching model, taught by experienced practicing artists. Each student

2176-628: The CSIRO which had been set up for this function. Australians had performed well internationally in pure research, having scored almost a dozen Nobel Prizes as a result of their participation in pure research. In the 1990s, the Hawke/Keating Federal Government sought to redress the shortcoming in applied research by creating a cultural shift in the national research profile. This was achieved by introducing university scholarships and research grants for postgraduate research in collaboration with industry, and by introducing

2240-653: The College of Fine Arts (COFA). A much-diminished School of Art and Design remained at the Darlinghurst Gaol site as part of the Department of Technical and Further Education (TAFE), offering short certificate courses. Through the efforts of art staff members, and with the support of the newly formed Friends of the National Art School (FoNAS), the visual art program was slowly rebuilt. In 1996, after much lobbying, NAS gained independence from TAFE. In 1999 it first offered an accredited Bachelor of Fine Art degree, and

2304-590: The Commonwealth assumed full responsibility for funding higher education (i.e., universities and Colleges of Advanced Education (CAEs) ) and established the Commonwealth Tertiary Education Commission (CTEC), which had an advisory role and responsibility for allocating government funding among universities. However, in 1975, in the context of federal political crisis and economic recession, triennial funding of universities

2368-532: The Commonwealth contributed one quarter of the recurrent costs of "State" universities. In 1954, the University of New England was established. In that year, Robert Menzies established the Committee on Australian Universities. The Murray Committee Inquiry of 1957 found that financial stringency was the root cause of the shortcomings across universities: short staffing, poor infrastructure, high failure rates, weak honours and postgraduate schools. It also accepted

2432-643: The Diploma Course. At this time, NAS was part of the NSW Government's Department of Technical Education. From 1974, NAS went through a long period of upheaval and uncertainty, with a proposal to move the art school out of the Darlinghurst Gaol campus. The decision was fought and protest marches were held but in 1975 the School of Fine Art was transferred to a new institution that would evolve into today's UNSW Art and Design in Paddington, formerly

2496-683: The Dobell Foundation’s commitment to continuing the development of drawing as a medium in its own right, and a fundamental element of the visual arts. The Sir William Dobell Art Foundation was formed in 1971 according to instructions in the artist’s will which stated that “ a Foundation be established for the benefit and promotion of art in NSW ”. Funds for the Foundation were raised through the sale of property and art works in William Dobell’s estate. An initial sum of approximately $ 260,000

2560-472: The NAS campus was originally D Wing of Darlinghurst Gaol which held some of Sydney's most notorious female criminals including Kate Leigh . After the closure of the gaol the buildings became derelict until East Sydney Technical College moved onsite in 1922. The women's wing was transformed into the Cell Block Theatre, which became a hub of Australia's avant-garde music, theatre and dance scene in

2624-535: The Prize was relocated to The National Art School. The exhibition showcases the finalists’ artworks across a broad range of media that acknowledges the foundational principles of drawing, while also encouraging challenging and expansive approaches to drawing. The new Dobell Drawing Prize is an acquisitive art award that runs in alternative years to the Dobell Australian Drawing Biennial at the Art Gallery of New South Wales, affirming

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2688-536: The Rayner Hoff Project Space, The Drawing Gallery (opened in 2021) and the two-storey NAS Gallery, which presents up to four major public exhibitions each year as well as the annual NAS Grad Shows featuring the work of graduating students. NAS's galleries attract more than 30,000 visitors a year, and the critically acclaimed exhibition program promotes and supports Australian contemporary artists alongside other Sydney public art institutions such as

2752-753: The Sydney Mechanics’ School of Arts in Pitt Street, Sydney. Forty years and several re-organisations later, in 1883 the Technical and Working Men's College became known as the Sydney Technical College, which included the Department of Art. This department was relocated to the former Darlinghurst Gaol in 1922, and was then part of East Sydney Technical College. Sydney Technical College's women's handicraft courses, which were led by Mary Ellen Roberts , were transferred too in 1923 to

2816-513: The ability to award degrees through to Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) level. For a number of reasons, including clarifying the role of institutes of technology, the Federal Minister for Education of the time ( John Dawkins ) created the unified national system, which compressed the former three-tier tertiary education system into a two-tier system. This required a number of amalgamations and mergers between smaller tertiary institutions, and

2880-434: The country, and guest judge artist and NAS alumna Lucy Culliton awarded the prize to Euan Macleod for his pastel on paper work Borderlands – Between NSW and QLD (2020). A People's Prize was awarded for the first time in 2021 to Joanna Gambotto for her work Hill End Interior 1 (Denningtons Cottage: Kim and Lino's) , which pays tribute to the vital role the small NSW town of Hill End has played and continues to play in

2944-503: The establishment of Australia's first private university, Bond University . Founded by businessman Alan Bond , this Gold Coast institution was granted its university status by the Queensland government in 1987. For the most part, up until the 1990s, the traditional Australian universities had focused upon pure, fundamental, and basic research rather than industry or applied research – a proportion of which had been well supported by

3008-563: The financial recommendations in full, which led to increased funds to the sector and establishment of Australian Universities Commission (AUC) and the conclusion that the Commonwealth Government should accept greater responsibility for the States' universities. In 1958, Monash University was established. States Grants (Universities) Act 1958 allocated funding to States for capital and recurrent expenditure in universities for

3072-563: The future. In 2020 NAS received a significant grant from the NSW State Government for restoration and upgrading of the campus's historic buildings and structures, with the works being undertaken in 2021. The site was also listed on the NSW State Heritage Register in 2021. Building began on the original Darlinghurst Gaol in 1822, with convicts hand-carving the sandstone blocks for the surrounding walls which stood 21 feet (6.5 metres) high when completed in 1824. Built in

3136-536: The government introduced a freeze on the demand led funding structure, such that admitting more students did not result in a higher funding for institutions, in order to control spending. In between January 2020 and September 2022, COVID-19 pandemic and Delta cron hybrid variant has both impacted Australian tertiary/higher education sector by reducing revenue by A$ 3 – 4.6 billion. Australian universities depend on overseas students for their revenue. Federal Education Minister Dan Tehan announced $ 252 million to support

3200-482: The government research grant funding awarded to all universities), Australian Technology Network (ATN), Innovative Research Universities (IRU), Regional Universities Network (RUN), and more. Australia is well known for high quality education, most of the universities are government owned, and they rank very highly on the global rankings . Australia is ranked 4th (with Germany) by OECD in international PhD students destination after US, UK and France. Australia has

3264-485: The historic Darlinghurst Gaol site in East Sydney in various forms since 1922 and was formerly part of East Sydney Technical College, known as East Sydney Tech. Today NAS is a centre for education, research, scholarship and professional practice in the visual arts and related fields. NAS has three full-time visual art degrees: Bachelor of Fine Art (BFA), Master of Fine Art (MFA) and Doctor of Fine Art (DFA). Within

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3328-561: The impetus of CRTS. In 1949, the University of New South Wales was established. During the 1950s, enrolments increased by 30,000 and participation rates doubled. In 1950, the Mills Committee Inquiry into university finances, focusing on short-term rather than long-term issues, resulted in the State Grants (Universities) Act 1951 being enacted (retrospective to 1 July 1950). It was a short-term scheme under which

3392-548: The living expenses. The international students are not entitled to these benefits. All international students apply individually to each University, and most international students are self-financed non-subsidised full-fee paying students. There are 43 universities registered in Australia (including 37 public universities, four private universities, and one international private university). Many Australian universities have formed several network groupings , such as Group of Eight (8 leading universities which receive two thirds of

3456-820: The old gaol. Roberts died in 1924 and she was replaced in 1925 by Eleanor Lilian Gladys Gough . The 1920s saw the development of NAS's distinctive studio model of teaching, offering its first five-year Diploma in Art in 1926 under Lecturer-in-Charge Samuel Rowe and the English sculptor G Rayner Hoff . In the 1950s and 1960s, the size and reputation of the Department of Art expanded. Renowned artists such as Colin Lanceley , Ann Thomson , Elisabeth Cummings , Peter Powditch , Ken Unsworth , Martin Sharp , Garry Shead , Janet Mansfield , Tim Storrier , and Vivienne Binns graduated from

3520-468: The option for institutes of technology to become universities. As a result of these reforms, institutes of technology disappeared and were replaced by a collection of new universities. By the early 1990s, the two-tier tertiary education was in place in Australia – university education and Technical and Further Education (TAFE). By the early years of the new millennium, even TAFE colleges were permitted to offer degrees up to bachelor's level. The 1980s also saw

3584-461: The sector by allowing universities and colleges to offer short courses of 6 months duration with at least 50% reduction in fees, as well as guaranteeing the sector's existing $ 18 billion funding regardless of changes in domestic enrolment. Tehan announced that 20,000 places short-term courses in nursing, teaching, health, IT, and science. An estimated 17,000 jobs had been lost in the sector by mid-2021. Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF)

3648-513: The triennial 1958 to 1960. In 1959, Australian Universities Commission Act of 1959 was established the AUC as a statutory body to advise the Commonwealth Government on university matters. Between 1958 and 1960 there was more than a 13% annual increase in university enrolments. By 1960, there were 53,000 students in ten universities. There was a spate of universities established in the 1960s and 70s: Macquarie University (1964), La Trobe University (1964),

3712-597: The war, in recognition of the increased demand for teachers for the "baby boom" generation and the importance of higher education in national economic growth, the Commonwealth Government took an increased role in the financing of higher education from the States. In 1946 the Australian National University was created by an Act of Federal Parliament as a national research only institution (research and postgraduate research training for national purposes). By 1948 there were 32,000 students enrolled, under

3776-580: The year, catering to students of all ages, backgrounds and levels of experience in the visual arts. The school holiday program offers art classes for students from Kindergarten to Year 12, and NAS runs annual outreach education programs such as the Dobell Drawing School for Year 11 students and the Dobell Regional Teachers’ Workshops, funded by the Sir William Dobell Art Foundation . The sandstone Cell Block Theatre on

3840-680: The years to teach or talk to students. Lecturers at NAS are professional practicing artists across various disciplines. In the 2021 Archibald, Wynne and Sulman Prizes at the Art Gallery of NSW, 31 of the 112 finalists were NAS staff and alumni. Since the Archibald Prize began 100 years ago in 1921, nearly a third of its winners have been NAS alumni or teachers, including multiple winners such as Sir William Dobell and Brett Whiteley. In addition to its tertiary degrees, NAS has an extensive program of short courses and workshops taught by experienced artists that run on campus and online throughout

3904-520: Was funded either through Commonwealth scholarships , which were based on merit, or through fees. Tertiary education in Australia was structured into three sectors: During the early 1970s, there was a significant push to make tertiary education in Australia more accessible to working and middle-class people. In 1973, the Whitlam Labor Government abolished university fees. This increased the university participation rate. In 1974,

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3968-410: Was invested and since its establishment the Foundation has contributed in excess of $ 6 million dollars towards activities in many areas of the arts. The first public venture of the Foundation was to commission John Olsen to design a large mural for the harbour-side Northern Foyer of the newly opened Sydney Opera House . The mural, which was based on the poem “Five Bells” by Kenneth Slessor , has become

4032-596: Was relatively low. Australia had six universities and two university colleges with combined student numbers of 14,236. 10,354 were degree students (including only 81 higher degree students) and almost 4,000 sub-degree or non-award students. In 1942, the Universities Commission was created to regulate university enrolments and the implementation of the Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme (CRTS). After

4096-559: Was suspended. Demand remained with growth directed to CAEs and State-controlled TAFE colleges. By the mid-1980s, the method by which fees were re-introduced proved to be a system accepted by both Federal political parties and consequently is still in place today. The system is known as the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (HECS) and enables students to defer payment of fees until after they commence professional employment, and after their income exceeds

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