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21-603: With the Traunviertel, Ebensee since 1180 belonged to the Duchy of Styria held by the House of Babenberg from 1192, until in 1254 King Ottokar II of Bohemia finally allocated it to his Austrian duchy . Ebensee itself was first mentioned in a 1447 deed. From 1596 on Emperor Rudolf II had a salt evaporation pond erected near the settlement, supplied with brine being delivered via a 40 km (25 mi) long pipeline from

42-574: A medieval dynasty ruling the Imperial March of Styria (later the Duchy of Styria ) from 1056 to 1192. The dynasty began with Otakar I, probably a son or son-in-law of Aribo (c. 850 – 909), margrave in Pannonia under King Arnulf . Otakar was Count of Steyr in the Traungau , in what is today Upper Austria . Together with Margrave Luitpold , he may have been killed at

63-771: A part of the Habsburg monarchy and from 1804 belonged to the Austrian Empire . The development of the duchy was decisively promoted by Archduke John of Austria , younger brother of Emperor Francis I , who in 1811 founded the Joanneum , predecessor of the Graz University of Technology , and the University of Leoben in 1840. He also forwarded the construction of the Semmering railway to Mürzzuschlag and

84-793: Is of pre-Romance substrate origin. The German name Steiermark is a compound; the first element is borrowed from the ancient name Stiria and the second element, Mark , means 'march, border region'. The Slovene name Štajerska and the Czech name Štýrsko are borrowed and adapted from the German name for the region. In 1910 the population of Styria included: Otakars House of Babenberg Přemyslids Árpád dynasty Leopoldian line See List of rulers of Austria . 47°04′00″N 15°26′00″E  /  47.0667°N 15.4333°E  / 47.0667; 15.4333 Otakars The Otakars (or von Traungaus , or Traungauer ) were

105-728: The Austrian Southern Railway line from Vienna to Trieste completed in 1857, which boosted the Styrian economy. In the course of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 ( Ausgleich ), the duchy was assigned as a crown land for the Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary , while along with the rise of nationalism the conflict between the German and Slovene population intensified. On

126-622: The 1260 Battle of Kressenbrunn . As King Ottokar II had married the last duke's sister Margaret , he laid claim to both Austria and Styria. This met with strong opposition by the newly-elected King Rudolph I of Germany , who claimed the duchies as escheated fiefs. Rudolph finally defeated Ottokar at the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld , seized Austria and Styria and granted them to his sons Albert I and Rudolf II . The House of Habsburg provided Styria with dukes of their lineage from that point on. The duchy was, however, separated from Austria by

147-807: The 1379 Treaty of Neuberg , after which Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola formed the Inner Austrian territory ruled by the descendants of Leopold III of the Leopoldian line , who took their residence at Graz . In 1456 they could significantly enlarge the Styrian territory by acquisition and re-acquisition of the comital Celje estates in Lower Styria . Both duchies were again ruled in personal union, when Leopold's grandson Frederick V inherited Austria in 1457. In 1496 Frederick's son Maximilian I signed an order expelling all Jews from Styria, who were not allowed to return to Graz until 1856. In 1512

168-551: The 907 Battle of Pressburg . His descendant Ottokar I (died 1064), Count in the Chiemgau , became ruler of the Carantanian march in 1056. The Carantanian march, then subject to the Duchy of Carinthia , was subsequently named March of Styria ( German : Steiermark ) after the dynasty's original seat at Steyr. In 1180 Margrave Ottokar IV gained the ducal title from Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa , thereby establishing

189-468: The Babenberg Leopold V, Duke of Austria . The Austrian Babenbergs became extinct in 1246, when Duke Frederick II was killed in battle against King Béla IV of Hungary . Styria, a vacant Imperial fief, became a matter of dispute among the neighbouring estates. It passed quickly through the hands of Hungarian kings in 1254, until King Ottokar II of Bohemia conquered it, being victorious at

210-586: The Gasselhöhle show cave and a small skiing area with about ten lifts. Parts of the 1968 Where Eagles Dare film were shot in the Ebensee area. Feuerkogel is a nearby mountain peak with a weather station on it. Ebensee is twinned with: [REDACTED] Media related to Ebensee at Wikimedia Commons Duchy of Styria The Duchy of Styria ( German : Herzogtum Steiermark ; Slovene : Vojvodina Štajerska ; Latin : Ducatus Styriae )

231-491: The census in 1900 recorded 83.5% German-speakers, which after a massacre of German protestors awaiting the American delegation, popularly known as " Marburg's Bloody Sunday ", although it was actually a Monday, ultimately fell to Yugoslavia. The former duchy was partitioned broadly along ethnic lines, though where mixed, the defeated Austrian side lost the lands to Yugoslavia, such as the majority-German Abstall basin, with only

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252-707: The closure of some of the larger factories. In 1943, the SS established Ebensee concentration camp (codename "Zement") near the town, a planned emergency location for the Peenemünde research centre after the RAF Operation Hydra attack. It was part of the Mauthausen network . Slave laborers were worked to death digging tunnels for armaments storage. The camp was liberated by American soldiers in May 1945. Due to

273-558: The collapse of Austria-Hungary in the aftermath of World War I , the rump state of German Austria claimed all Cisleithanian Austria with a significant German-speaking population including large parts of the Styrian duchy, while the Slovene Lower Styrian part joined the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs . Conflicts arose especially around the majority German-speaking border-town of Maribor (Marburg an der Drau), where

294-713: The duchy joined the Empire's Austrian Circle . A second Inner Austrian cadet branch of the Habsburgs ruled over Styria from 1564. Under Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, Graz became a centre of the Counter-Reformation , expedited by the Jesuits at the University of Graz established in 1585 and continued under Charles' son Archduke Ferdinand II , who became sole rule of all Habsburg hereditary lands and Holy Roman Emperor in 1619. The Protestant population

315-569: The entirely German-speaking two thirds of its territory ( Upper Styria and parts of Central Styria  [ de ] ) remaining with Austria , and the southern third of Lower Styria with Maribor passing to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , eventually becoming part of modern Slovenia . Timeline Styria was attested in historical documents in AD 907 as Styria , in 1191 as Marchia Stirensis , and in 1215 as Marchia Styrie . The name

336-612: The extremely high death rates, Ebensee is considered one of the most horrific Nazi concentration camps. Used as a Displaced Persons camp after the war, the area is today site of a memorial and a museum. Seats in the municipal assembly ( Gemeinderat ) as of 2021 elections: Ebensee is surrounded by three picturesque lakes, the Traunsee , the Offensee and the Langbathsee. The Traunsee is large enough to be used for boating, while

357-628: The fall of the Bavarian Duke Henry the Lion earlier that year. Margrave Ottokar IV thereby became the first duke of Styria and also the last of the ancient Otakar dynasty . As Ottokar had no issue, he in 1186 signed the Georgenberg Pact with the mighty House of Babenberg , rulers of Austria since 976, after which both duchies should in perpetuity be ruled in personal union. Upon his death in 1192, Styria as stipulated fell to

378-521: The other two lakes are smaller, surrounded by mountains, and used only for bathing; both are protected natural areas. On the shore of the Langbathsee is a 19th-century hunting lodge erected at the behest of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria . Since 1927 an aerial tramway built by the Bleichert engineering company runs up to the summit of the Feuerkogel mountain. Other tourist attractions include

399-610: The salt mines around Hallstatt . Ebensee therefore was the primary production centre for salt in Austria. Historically, the site was chosen because of the rich forests, whose wood was used to boil the salt out of the brine. In 1883 the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay established soda works of the Solvay company at Ebensee. Although a former industrial center in the larger Salzkammergut region, it has recently fallen on bad fortunes with

420-529: Was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia . It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary until its dissolution in 1918. It was created by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1180 when he raised the March of Styria to a duchy of equal rank with neighbouring Carinthia and Bavaria , after

441-503: Was expelled, including the astronomer Johannes Kepler in 1600. Meanwhile, at the time of the Ottoman invasions in the 16th and 17th centuries after the 1526 Battle of Mohács , the land suffered severely and was depopulated. The Turks made incursions into Styria nearly twenty times; churches, monasteries, cities, and villages were destroyed and plundered, while the population was either killed or carried away into slavery. Styria remained

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