Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium is a gymnasium in Stuttgart established in 1686. The gymnasium is the oldest in the city, from which many of the others emerged over the years. It is often referred to as ‘Ebelu’, made up of the first few letters of the namesakes names.
86-407: Ebelu is a humanist and musical gymnasium, with students choosing between a musical and a linguistic specialisation. Students regularly participate in a range of musical performances, mostly of classical music, and the school regulars organises or hosts social and cultural events. The school has multiple well-known graduates, including Fritz Bauer , Loriot and Claus von Stauffenberg . The building
172-770: A chairman of the Stuttgart chapter of the Reichsbanner in favor of Bauer. After the Harzburg Front was founded in October 1931, Bauer was one of the driving forces behind the creation of the Iron Front , whose stated purpose was to defend democracy. On 8 March 1933, Jagow was appointed police commissioner for Württemberg. On 23 March 1933, while Bauer was at work in his office, a group of policemen arrived to arrest him without charges. In March 1933, soon after
258-751: A criminal offense. In 1968, working with German journalist Gerhard Szczesny , Bauer founded the Humanist Union , a human-rights organization. After Bauer's death, the Union donated money to endow the Fritz Bauer Prize. Another organization, the Fritz Bauer Institute, founded in 1995, is a nonprofit organization dedicated to civil rights that focuses on history and the effects of the Holocaust. Fritz Bauer's work contributed to
344-765: A former Nazi camps prisoner, Bauer relayed information about the whereabouts in Argentina of fugitive Holocaust planner Adolf Eichmann to Israeli Intelligence, the Mossad . Hermann's daughter Sylvia began dating a man named Klaus Eichmann in 1956 who boasted about his father's Nazi exploits, and Hermann alerted Fritz Bauer, at the time prosecutor-general of the Land of Hesse in West Germany . Hermann then tasked his daughter with investigating her new friend's family; she met with Eichmann himself at his house, who said that he
430-442: A full musical specialisation). Since 2013, “Ebelu” has a separate music class for highly gifted students in addition to the language and regular music classes. This offers students who have musical talent lessons in cooperation with a local college im music-related subjects but meanwhile ensure that they can acquire the general university entrance qualification. To be admitted, a special exam must be taken. The first building in what
516-404: A ground-handling mishap caused the bows to be pulled into the water, damaging the forward control surfaces. Repairs were completed by 17 January 1906, when LZ 2 made its only flight. Too much ballast was jettisoned on takeoff, causing the airship to rise to an altitude of 427 m (1,401 ft). Here a stiff breeze was encountered, and although the airship was at first able to overcome this,
602-672: A hostile Nazi account admitted he had "an accessible and very appealing style of expression". Schumacher in turn was, despite his atypical appearance owing to his war wounds, one of the most popular Social Democrats in Württemberg, as one lawyer recalled: "He was like Churchill , chain-smoking cigarettes and puffing on cigars. You could sense his resolve and unwavering belief in the absolute righteousness of his cause". Schumacher and Bauer travelled across Württemberg giving speeches as Bauer recalled: "He and I spoke every weekend, sometimes three, four or five times. We were urging people to defend
688-519: A payment to Schwartz's widow as compensation for dissolving this arrangement. Claims that Zeppelin had been influenced by Schwartz were denied by Eckener in 1938 and also rejected by later historians. Zeppelin's design was "radically different" in both its scale and its framework from that of Schwarz. On 2 July 1900, Zeppelin made the first flight with the LZ ;1 over Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen in southern Germany. The airship rose from
774-465: A photograph of Eichmann alongside Klammer. Klammer was in contact with the German priest Giselher Pohl and bishop Hermann Kunst, to whom he sent the information with the photograph, from which Klammer's face was ripped. Kunst, in turn, passed the evidences to Bauer. Bauer's sources remained secret, and along with Klammer's recomposed picture were not revealed before 2021. Mossad's Isser Harel acknowledged
860-684: A scheme to capitalise on the public enthusiasm for Zeppelin's airships by establishing a passenger-carrying business. Up until 1914 the German Aviation Association ( Deutsche Luftschiffahrtsgesellschaft or DELAG ) transported 37,250 people on over 1,600 flights without an incident. Within a few years the zeppelin revolution began creating the age of air transportation. During the First World War , Imperial Germany decided to deploy Zeppelins as long-distance bombers, launching numerous attacks upon Belgium, France, and
946-456: A storm, was repaired: at the same time it was lengthened by 8 m. It was re-inflated on 21 October 1908 and after a series of short test flights a flight lasting 5 hours 55 minutes took place on 27 October with the Kaiser's brother, Admiral Prince Heinrich , on board. On 7 November, with Crown Prince William as a passenger, it flew 80 km (50 mi) to Donaueschingen , where
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#17327874327411032-594: A storm. The airship's earlier flights had excited public interest in the development of the airships, and a subsequent collection campaign raised over 6 million German marks. The money was used to create the ' Luftschiffbau-Zeppelin GmbH ' and the Zeppelin foundation ( Zeppelin Stiftung ). Following the destruction of LZ 4, LZ 3, which had been damaged when the floating hangar broke free of its mooring during
1118-530: A third airship, LZ 3 . This was the same size and configuration as LZ 2, but had a greater gas capacity. Finished by the end of the year, it made two successful flights at a speed of 30 miles per hour (48 km/h), and in 1907 attained a speed of 36 miles per hour (58 km/h). The success of LZ 3 produced a change in the official attitude to his work, and the Reichstag voted that he should be awarded 500,000 marks to continue his work. However
1204-579: A train together with 1,013 Stuttgart Jews. The train went to Riga , where all of the Jews were taken out to a field outside of Riga and shot by Latvian collaborationists . In October 1943, as Nazis began the deportation of Danish Jews to Theresienstadt concentration camp , he went underground. If Bauer was homosexual, that would have placed him in even further peril should he remain in Germany or Nazi-occupied Denmark . To protect himself, he formally married
1290-473: Is currently undergoing significant renovations, during which the students have moved to alternative locations. Originally a Latin School since the 14th century, it was later moved to a different area of the city. After a while, legal changes regarding schooling and the further development and popularisation of Humanism led to an extension into a 6-year “Pädagogium”, a change from a city to a state school and to
1376-437: Is said to have been the inspiration of his later interest in aeronautics. Zeppelin's ideas for large airships were first expressed in a diary entry dated 25 March 1874. Inspired by a recent lecture given by Heinrich von Stephan on the subject of "World Postal Services and Air Travel", he outlined the basic principle of his later craft: a large rigidly-framed outer envelope containing a number of separate gasbags. In 1887,
1462-556: Is today, Gymnasiumstraße in Stuttgart, was built in 1686 and converted in 1840. A new building erected in 1903 in Holzgartenstraße was destroyed in 1944 during a nocturnal bomb attack on Stuttgart. The school was then accommodated in the buildings of the Zeppelin-Gymnasium until the new buildings on the site of the former villa of Ferdinand von Zeppelin at Herdweg 72 had been completed in 1957. The new building
1548-592: The Association of German Engineers (VDI) so impressed them that the VDI launched a public appeal for financial support for him. This led to a first contact with Carl Berg who supplied aluminium alloys which Zeppelin had tested, and by May 1898 they, together with Philipp Holzmann , Daimler, Max von Eyth , Carl von Linde , and Friedrich Voith , had formed the joint stock company Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Luftschiffahrt . Zeppelin invested 441,000 Marks, over half
1634-829: The Austro-Sardinian War interrupted this study in 1859 when he was called up to the Ingenieurkorps (Würtemberg engineering corps ) at Ulm . In 1863, Zeppelin took leave to act as an observer for the Union's Army of the Potomac in the American Civil War in Virginia. Later, he travelled to the Upper Midwest with a party that probably included two Russians. Led by Native American (probably Ojibwe ) guides, they canoed and portaged from
1720-454: The LZ 5 was built and accepted into Army service as L II, Zeppelin's relationship with the military authorities continued to be poor, and deteriorated considerably due to his criticism of the Army following the loss of L II, which was carried away from its moorings and wrecked on 25 April 1910. However, the business director of Luftschiffbau-Zeppelin, Alfred Colsman , came up with
1806-610: The Universities of Heidelberg , Munich and Tübingen . German universities were traditionally strongholds of the völkisch movement , and almost all student fraternities in Germany under völkisch influence refused to accept Jews as members. Accordingly, Bauer found himself joining the liberal Jewish fraternity FWV ( Freie Wissenschaftliche Vereinigung – Free Academic Union) in Heidelberg, to which he devoted much of his time. The only other major Jewish fraternity were
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#17327874327411892-651: The Weimar Constitution , but also combat the extremism of the Weimar era". The rallies usually ended with people shouting Frei-Heil! (Hail Freedom!) which was intended to mock the Nazi slogan Sieg Heil! (Hail Victory!). As Schumacher was also a Social Democratic member of the Reichstag (federal parliament), he had to spend much time in Berlin attending the sessions of the Reichstag , causing him to resign as
1978-670: The Zionists , whose views Bauer opposed. In 1928, after receiving his PhD in law (at 25, Doktor der Rechte [Jur.Dr.] in Germany), Bauer became an assessor judge in the Stuttgart local district court. By 1920, he already had joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Bauer found himself feeling at home in Stuttgart, a city with a left-wing working class majority that had a reputation as a "progressive" city where Weimar culture flourished. The city council of Stuttgart
2064-447: The 1968 student movement. Due to the creation of the pilot-project musical specialisation in 2013, the lack of space necessitates a renovation of the building, expected to extend the available space from 3,100 to 4,500 square meters. The additional space should house a new wing for the science class rooms, a space for events and concert, a new gym and an extended cafeteria. Additionally, the outside spaces are renovated as well. As of 2020,
2150-675: The Danish kindergarten teacher Anna Maria Petersen, in June 1943. Although some authors, such as biographer Ronen Steinke , argue that Bauer was probably homosexual, others consider this unproven. In October 1943, he fled to Sweden after the Danish government resigned and the Nazis declared martial law, which endangered the Jewish population in Denmark. Bauer spent 8 days in hiding in a cellar and on
2236-469: The French. Duttenhofer wrote to Gross threatening to withdraw support, and Zeppelin shortly afterwards sacked Gross, citing Gross's lack of support and writing that he was "an obstacle in my path". Despite these setbacks, Zeppelin's organization had refined his idea: a rigid aluminium framework covered in a fabric envelope; separate multiple internal gas cells, each free to expand and contract thus obviating
2322-497: The German government in order to make efforts to get Eichmann extradited from Argentina, the German government immediately responded negatively. In 2021, it became known that much more instrumental to the capture of Eichmann was the geologist Gerhard Klammer , who had worked with Eichmann in the early 1950s in a construction company in the Argentine Tucumán province , who provided Bauer with Eichmann's exact address and
2408-582: The Kaiser was then staying. In spite of poor weather conditions, the flight succeeded: two days later LZ 3 was officially accepted by the Government and on 10 November Zeppelin was rewarded with an official visit to Friedrichshafen by the Kaiser, during which a short demonstration flight over Lake Constance was made and Zeppelin awarded the Order of the Black Eagle . Although a replacement for LZ 4,
2494-537: The King of Württemberg, who authorised a state lottery which raised 124,000 marks. A contribution of 50,000 marks was received from Prussia, and Zeppelin raised the remainder of the necessary money by mortgaging his wife's estates. Still supported by Daimler and Carl Berg, construction of his second airship, the LZ 2 , was started in April 1905. It was completed by 30 November, when it was first taken out of its hangar, but
2580-658: The Nazi regime. On 13 November 1933, a letter appeared in the Ulmer Tagblatt newspaper from eight imprisoned Social Democrats declaring their loyalty to the new regime, which led to their release; one of the signatories was Bauer, who felt so humiliated that he never allowed discussion of this chapter of his life. In accordance with the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service he
2666-461: The Nazi seizure of power, a plan to organize a general strike against the Nazis in the Stuttgart region failed, and Schumacher and Bauer were arrested with others and taken to Heuberg concentration camp . Bauer was tormented by the SA guards at Heuberg who found various ways to humiliate him and often beat him. As a "third-class" prisoner (i.e. one considered especially dangerous to the German state), Bauer
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2752-596: The St. Francis School in Mumbai, which includes two-week exchanges. There are regular events about political, artistic or historical topics, usually organised by or about current and former students and parents. Since 2018, the Fritz-Bauer-Price, which is named after the former student Fritz Bauer , is given to students for outstanding social engagement. Fritz Bauer was a Jewish judge and prosecutor who assisted with in
2838-460: The Stuttgart chapter of the Reichsbanner and from 1931 onward found himself engaged in a feud with Dietrich von Jagow , the SA leader for Southwestern Germany. In late 1931, Bauer was demoted from a judge handling criminal cases to a judge handling civil cases following accusations from the Nazi journalist Adolf Gerlach in the local Stuttgart Nazi newspaper NS-Kurier that Bauer was biased because he
2924-593: The Union Army during the American Civil War . During the Peninsular Campaign , he visited the balloon camp of Thaddeus S. C. Lowe shortly after Lowe's services were terminated by the Army. Von Zeppelin then travelled to St. Paul, MN where the German-born former Army balloonist John Steiner offered tethered flights. His first ascent in a balloon, made at Saint Paul, Minnesota during this visit,
3010-580: The United Kingdom . Count Everhard von Zeppelin, Second Lieutenant in the German Lancers, married November 1895, Mary "Mamie" McGarvey, daughter of Canadian magnate William Henry McGarvey , owner of the oil wells of Galicia and his wife, Helena J. Weslowska. A former Count von Zeppelin married a granddaughter of the 1st Earl of Ranfurly . Count Zeppelin died early in 1917, before the end of World War I . He did not live to witness either
3096-480: The annual income of a typical doctor in Germany in 1930 was 12,500 ℛ︁ℳ︁). His sister Margot called their childhood a "liberally Jewish one". Though his family was assimilated into the German culture, his parents did not celebrate Christmas as a secular holiday (a common practice in Jewish homes in Stuttgart at the time), and insisted on celebrating Jewish holidays . He attended Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium in Stuttgart, and studied business and law at
3182-859: The beginning of his thinking about dirigible lighter-than-air craft to this experience. In 1865, Zeppelin was appointed adjutant of the King of Württemberg and as general staff officer participated in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. He was awarded the Ritterkreuz (Knight's Cross) of the Military Merit Order of Württemberg . In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871 a reconnaissance mission behind enemy lines, during which he narrowly avoided capture, made him famous among many Germans. From 1882 until 1885, Zeppelin
3268-676: The capture of Adolf Eichmann and took part in the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials . Musical events, often done by students from the musical specialisation, are organised regularly. Since 1951, in addition to state funding, some events and some students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds are receive money from the Ebelu-Verein e.V., a charitable organisation whose funders are mostly made up by former students and family members of current and former students. Fritz Bauer Fritz Bauer (16 July 1903 – 1 July 1968)
3354-486: The city and religious schools. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the fast growth and new organisation of the schools led to a desire for more space, which culminated in renovations and new construction between 1838 and 1840. A Realschule was added in 1794, simultaneously with an extension of the number of grades to 9. This school later became the Friedrich-Eugens-Gymnasium. A realist gymnasium
3440-425: The closet and declare their sexuality was a criminal offense. In West Germany, the 1935 version of Paragraph 175 stayed in effect until 1969, making the lives of gay people almost unbearable. Perhaps reflecting concerns about drawing attention to his own sexuality, Bauer did not demand the abolition of Paragraph 175, and instead suggest merely reverting back to the 1871 version of Paragraph 175 that made homosexual sex
3526-521: The creation of an independent, democratic justice system in West Germany, as well as to the prosecution of Nazi war criminals and the reform of the criminal law and penal systems. Within the postwar German justice system, Bauer was a controversial figure due to his political engagements. He once said, "In the justice system, I live as I were in exile." Bauer died in Frankfurt am Main , aged 64. He
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3612-436: The crew and engines, was 117.35 m (385.0 ft) long with a gas capacity of 9514 cu m (336,000 cu ft): the middle section was 16 m (52 ft 6 in) long with an intended useful load of 599 kg (1,321 lb) and the rear section 39.93 m (131.0 ft) long with an intended load of 1,996 kg (4,400 lb) In early 1896, Zeppelin's lecture on steerable airship designs given to
3698-439: The deportation of his relatives managed to get in contact with the Danish minister of justice. Steincke , to plead with him to get a visa for his parents so that they could leave Germany and come to Denmark. Steincke not thinking the situation was so dire changed his mind after Bauer requested that his parents be given a visa to Greenland . Steincke realizing the severity of the station anyone would be in to want to go there as it
3784-539: The design in July. One month later, in August 1895, Zeppelin received a patent for Kober's design, described as an "airship-train" ( Lenkbarer Luftfahrzug mit mehreren hintereinanderen angeordneten Tragkörpern [Steerable airship-train with several carrier structures arranged one behind another].) The patent describes an airship consisting of three rigid sections flexibly connected. The front section, intended to contain
3870-497: The editor of the Social Democratic newspaper Schwäbische Tagwacht , about the need to drum up an anti-Nazi movement. Schumacher told Bauer: "We don't need intellectuals. Workers don't like intellectuals". Finally, Schumacher agreed to send Bauer to speak at a SPD rally, where Bauer gave what he called "a talk which went down rather well, I must admit". Bauer had a "deep, roaring voice" that electrified audiences and even
3956-600: The extension of the authority of the principal of this new ‘model school’ over the Latin schools in the state. The school was established in 1686 as Gymnasium illustre ( zu Stuttgart ). Among the reasons for its creations were concerns about a lower standard of learning after the Thirty Years' War , but also a desire to create a school in Stuttgart which qualified its graduates to enter universities that could compete with
4042-480: The failure of the forward engine due to cooling problems followed by the failure of the other due to a broken clutch-spring left the airship at the mercy of the wind. It was brought down near Kisslegg in the Allgäu mountains, with some damage caused by the stern's striking some trees during mooring, but was more severely damaged by high winds the following night, and had to be dismantled. In May 1906, work started on
4128-413: The ground and remained in the air for 20 minutes, but was damaged on landing. After repairs and some modifications two further flights were made by LZ 1 in October 1900, However the airship was not considered successful enough to justify investment by the government, and since the experiments had exhausted Count Zeppelin's funds, he was forced to suspend his work. Zeppelin still enjoyed the support of
4214-495: The house of Alt-Schwanenburg (located in the present-day town of Gulbene in Latvia, then part of Livonia ). They had a daughter, Helene (Hella) von Zeppelin (1879–1967) who in 1909 married Graf Alexander von Brandenstein-Zeppelin (1881–1949). Ferdinand had a nephew Baron Max von Gemmingen [ de ] , who volunteered at the start of World War I, after he was past military age, to become general staff officer assigned to
4300-511: The important role Fritz Bauer played in Eichmann's capture, and claimed that he pressed insistently the Israeli authorities to organize an operation to apprehend and deport him to Israel. Shlomo J. Shpiro, in the introduction to Harel's book The House on Garibaldi Street , stated that Bauer did not act alone but was discreetly helped by Hesse minister-president Georg-August Zinn . Bauer
4386-434: The military airship LZ 12 Sachsen . In 1853, Count Zeppelin left to attend the polytechnic at Stuttgart, and in 1855 he became a cadet of the military school at Ludwigsburg and then started his career as an army officer in the army of Württemberg . By 1858, Zeppelin had been promoted to lieutenant , and that year he was given leave to study science, engineering and chemistry at Tübingen . Würtemberg's mobilising for
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#17327874327414472-623: The need for ballonets ; modular frame allowing addition of sections and gas cells; controls, engines and gondola rigidly attached. After publishing the idea in March 1892 he hired the engineer Theodor Kober who started work testing and further refining the design. Zeppelin submitted Kober's 1893 detailed designs to the Prussian Airship Service , whose committee reviewed it in 1894. In June 1895 this committee recommended minimum funds be granted, but withdrew this offer and rejected
4558-458: The new state". Bauer felt the political biases of the judiciary—who had an unwritten rule under the Weimar republic that violence committed by the right was acceptable—was the "judicial overture" to their actions under the Nazi regime. In the early 1930s, Bauer was together with Kurt Schumacher , one of the leaders of the SPD's Reichsbanner defense league in Stuttgart. Bauer served as the chairman of
4644-806: The night of 13 October 1943 left Denmark in a Danish fishing boat that took him his parents, sister, brother in law and two nephews to Sweden. Living for a time in Gothenburg before departing to Stockholm where Bauer founded, along with Willy Brandt and others, the periodical Sozialistische Tribüne ( Socialist Tribune ). Learning to speak swedish (albeit with a strong German accent) Bauer supported himself by teaching law students at Stockholm university and archival work. In his spare time he wrote books, ranging in topics from economics to Napoleon . In 1945 his father, Ludwig, died from leukemia while living in Sävedalen . Bauer returned to Germany in 1949, as
4730-729: The postwar Federal Republic (West Germany) was being established, and once more entered the civil service in the justice system. At first he became director of the district courts, and later the equivalent of a U.S. district attorney , in Braunschweig . Ella Bauer ,his mother died in 1955. In 1956, he was appointed the Generalstaatsanwalt (state prosecutor) in Hessen , based in Frankfurt. Bauer held this position until his death in 1968. In 1957, thanks to Lothar Hermann ,
4816-486: The project is expected to cost 67 million Euro. In 2015, a temporary building was created around 200 Meters from the school, intended to house the upperclassmen during the renovation. While it was originally expected that students remain in parts of the building during the renovation, the plan was later altered. Around 500 students were temporarily moved to a building originally belonging to the Hedwig-Dohm-Schule at Ludwigstraße 111. The temporary transfer happened in 2019 and
4902-403: The prostitute in question, but denied vehemently that he paid the man for sex. After the German occupation, the Danish authorities revoked his residence permit in April 1940 and interned him in a camp for three months. On 1 December 1941, Bauer's first cousin, Erich Hirsch, and his aunt, Paula Hirsch, both of whom had remained in Stuttgart, were arrested by the Stuttgart police and were placed on
4988-415: The provisional shutdown of the Zeppelin project due to the Treaty of Versailles or the second resurgence of the Zeppelins under his successor Hugo Eckener . The unfinished World War II German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin , and two rigid airships, the world-circling LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin , and LZ 130 Graf Zeppelin II , twin to the Hindenburg , were named after him. In 1975, Zeppelin
5074-424: The purchase by the Government of an airship was made conditional on the successful completion of a 24‑hour trial flight. Knowing that this was beyond the capabilities of LZ 3, work was started on a larger airship, the LZ 4 . This first flew on 20 June 1908. The final financial breakthrough only came after the Zeppelin LZ 4 was destroyed by fire at Echterdingen after breaking free of its moorings during
5160-436: The reserve officers' corps. Their entire outlook was conservative and authoritarian in spirit. The Kaiser had gone, but the generals, public officials and judges remained". Bauer found himself appalled by the way that the other judges in Württemberg flagrantly favored the Nazis, always imposing the most lenient sentences on Nazis who engaged in violence and the harshest possible sentences on Communists and Social Democrats who did
5246-420: The same. Bauer believed that this favoritism towards the Nazis encouraged their violence. Bauer remembered that the judges of Württemberg almost down to a man loathed the Weimar Republic, which they believed was born of the stab-in-the-back myth of 1918 committed by "godless and unpatriotic scoundrels. The judges weren't at all fond of the republic and they used the guise of judicial independence to sabotage
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#17327874327415332-411: The school's foundation. During the Second World War , the building was partially evacuated, moving some lessons to schools outside of the city center.The building of the ‘Ebelu’ was destroyed in 1944 by an allied bombing and only rebuild in 1957. Until they moved into the new building, the students were mostly fought in classrooms belonging to other schools. During and after the Protests of 1968 , there
5418-606: The success of Charles Renard and Arthur Krebs ' 1884 airship La France prompted him to send a letter to the King of Württemberg about the military necessity for dirigibles and the lack of German development in this field. After his resignation from the army in 1891 at age 52, Zeppelin devoted his full attention to airships. He hired the engineer Theodor Gross to make tests of possible materials and to assess available engines for both fuel efficiency and power-to-weight ratio. He also had air propellers tested and strove to obtain higher purity hydrogen gas from suppliers. Zeppelin
5504-426: The total capital. Actual construction then started of what was to be the first successful rigid airship, the Zeppelin LZ1 . Berg's involvement with the project later led to allegations that Zeppelin had used the patent and designs of David Schwarz 's airship of 1897. Berg had signed a contract with Schwartz under the terms of which he undertook not to supply aluminium to any other airship manufacturer. He later made
5590-402: The western end of Lake Superior up the St. Louis River and across to Crow Wing, Minnesota , on the Upper Mississippi River. On reaching St. Paul (via stagecoach and hired carriage), Zeppelin encountered German-born itinerant balloonist John Steiner and made his first aerial ascent with him from a site near the International Hotel in downtown St. Paul on 19 August. Many years later he attributed
5676-422: The young and largely unknown Bauer was released. In November 1933, Bauer was transferred from Heuberg to a newly founded prison, Oberer Kuhberg concentration camp , located in former Army barracks in Ulm, where the guards were professional policemen instead of the SA, and conditions were better. In 1933, it was possible for lesser political prisoners to be released if they signed a public declaration of loyalty to
5762-512: Was Klaus's uncle. Klaus arrived not long after, however, and addressed Eichmann as "Father". In 1957, Bauer passed the information to Mossad director Isser Harel , who assigned operatives to undertake surveillance, but no concrete evidence was initially found. Bauer trusted neither Germany's police nor the country's legal system, as he feared that if he had informed them, they would likely have tipped off Eichmann. Thus he decided to turn directly to Israel authorities. Moreover, when Bauer called on
5848-418: Was Schumacher, who despite missing one of his arms and being in constant pain because of his war wounds, was unyielding in his principles, taking abuse from the guards without complaint. The more prominent and older Schumacher, who had been an outspoken opponent of the Nazis as an SPD deputy in the Reichstag , remained in concentration camps (which destroyed his health) until the end of World War II , whereas
5934-469: Was a German Jewish judge and prosecutor. He played an instrumental role in the post-war capture of former Holocaust planner Adolf Eichmann and the beginning of the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials . Bauer was born in Stuttgart , to a Jewish family. His parents were Ella (Hirsch) and Ludwig Bauer. Bauer's father was a successful businessman who ran a textile mill that provided him with an annual income of 40,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ by 1930 (for comparison,
6020-410: Was a German general and later inventor of the Zeppelin rigid airships. His name became synonymous with airships and dominated long-distance flight until the 1930s. He founded the company Luftschiffbau Zeppelin . Ferdinand was the scion of a noble family [ de ] . Zepelin , the family's eponymous hometown, is a small community outside the town of Bützow in Mecklenburg . Ferdinand
6106-403: Was a Jew and a Social Democrat who discussed details of the trial with a journalist from the Social Democratic newspaper Tagwacht . At the hearing in response to Gerlach's complaint, Bauer argued the details of the case involving a local con-man on trial for cheating others of their money had already been discussed in court, so he had not violated any rules by speaking to a journalist and the case
6192-452: Was a cold and inhospitable place granted the Bauers visa to come to Denmark. The Bauers arrived in Denmark on 1 January 1940. Shortly after , Bauer was arrested by the Danish police on charges of having sex with a male prostitute . Homosexuality was legal in Denmark, but soliciting the services of a prostitute of the same sex was not. Bauer admitted to the police that he did have sex with
6278-462: Was active in the postwar efforts to obtain justice and compensation for victims of the Nazi regime. In 1958, he succeeded in getting a class action lawsuit certified, consolidating numerous individual claims in the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials , which opened in 1963. Bauer pressed for replacing the 1935 version of Paragraph 175 of the German penal code, which made the "expression of homosexuality" illegal, thus meaning that for gay people even to come out of
6364-544: Was added in 1867, which became independent in 1871 and later turned into the Dillmann-Gymnasium. In 1881, during the reign of Charles I of Württemberg , because of overcrowding, the Karls-Gymnasium was established and took over 18 of its 39 classes. At this time, it changed its name to the current one after Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg , who had been under age and under guardianship at the time of
6450-492: Was commander of the 19th Uhlans in Ulm, and was then appointed to be the envoy of Württemberg in Berlin. In 1890, he gave up this post to return to army service, being given command of a Prussian cavalry brigade. His handling of this at the 1890 autumn manoeuvres was severely criticised and he was forced to retire from the Army, albeit with the rank of generalleutnant . Ferdinand von Zeppelin served as an official observer with
6536-423: Was developed by a team led by the architect Hans Bregler, a former pupil who had completed his abitur in 1941. This building became heritage protected because of its prize-winning architecture ( Paul Bonatz Prize 1959). The renovation of the building began in 2019, which included the extension of the building and the modernisation of musical and scientific structure. The school has a long-standing cooperation with
6622-569: Was dominated by the Social Democrats while the Nazis won only 1.1% of the vote in the Stuttgart municipal election of 1928. However, Bauer was the only judge in Württemberg who was a member of the SPD and one of the only two Jewish judges in Württemberg. He was much an outsider in the Württemberg judiciary. Bauer recalled later about the other judges in Württemberg: "They came from the highly elitist student fraternities and members of
6708-698: Was found having drowned in his bathtub. A post-mortem examination stated he had consumed alcohol and taken sleeping pills. After a wake by his friends on the 6th of July, his body was cremated and the ashes taken to Sweden and interred in his parents' grave in Örgryte Old Cemetery . Further reading: Bernhard Valentinitsch,Der Staat gegen Fritz Bauer. In: Journal for Intelligence,Propaganda and Security Studies(=JIPSS). Vol. 10 (Graz 2016), pp. 236–237. Ferdinand von Zeppelin Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin ( German : Ferdinand Adolf Heinrich August Graf von Zeppelin ; 8 July 1838 – 8 March 1917)
6794-424: Was generally successful, despite some minor issues. Most students are part of the general humanist Specialisation. In addition to generally mandated subject such as English, students are obligated to learn Latin from the 5th until the 10th grade. Starting from 8th grade, students are obligated to either choose a third language (French or Old Greek) or instead study Music as a main subject (separately from those with
6880-598: Was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame . The name of the British rock group Led Zeppelin derives from his airships. His granddaughter Countess Eva von Zeppelin once threatened to sue them for illegal use of their family name while they were performing in Copenhagen . A 1974 episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus ( Series 4, Episode 1, The Golden Age Of Ballooning ) features
6966-434: Was not political. At the hearing, the judges ruled that Bauer had failed to "comply with existing regulations", thereby implying that Gerlach's accusations were partly justified and only declined to dismiss him because it could not be proved that Bauer's actions were "politically motivated". Following the demotion, Bauer contacted Kurt Schumacher , a highly decorated World War One veteran, who had lost his arm and who served as
7052-522: Was removed from office. Schumacher was also offered release if he signed such a declaration, which he refused, saying that he rather would stay in the concentration camps forever than betray his beliefs; much of the praise that Bauer was later to offer Schumacher as a man who was always true to himself seemed to have reflected guilt about his own actions in signing the declaration. In 1936, Bauer emigrated to Denmark . While in Denmark Bauer after
7138-513: Was significant conflict between the teachers and student body, even leading to vandalism, such as the destruction of school property in 1972. Causes included perceived mistreatment of students by teachers, but also a desire for general liberalisation. Haussmann, the principal at the time, was generally strict, but also protective of the students and specifically the student newspaper, despite it printing controversial editions including on human sexuality and an interview with Rudi Dutschke , am member of
7224-423: Was singled out for abuse such as being forced to stand for hours facing a wall while SA men struck him in the knees with their nightsticks and banged his head against the wall. Other than mentioning that he was forced to clean the camp's latrine on a daily basis, Bauer never mentioned his own experiences at Heuberg, which was too painful for him. The man whom Bauer consistently praised in his recollections of Heuberg
7310-667: Was so confident of his concept that in June 1891 he wrote to the King of Württemberg's secretary, announcing he was to start building, and shortly after requested a review from the Prussian Army's Chief of General Staff. The next day Zeppelin almost gave up as he realized he had underestimated air resistance, but resumed work on hearing that Hans Bartsch von Sigsfeld made light but powerful engines, information soon shown to be overoptimistic. Whereupon Zeppelin urged his supporter Max von Duttenhofer to press Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft for more efficient engines so as not to fall behind
7396-401: Was the son of Württemberg Minister and Hofmarschall Friedrich Jerôme Wilhelm Karl Graf von Zeppelin (1807–1886) and his wife Amélie Françoise Pauline (born Macaire d'Hogguer) (1816–1852). Ferdinand spent his childhood with his sister and brother at their Girsberg manor near Konstanz , where he was educated by private tutors. Ferdinand married Isabella Freiin von Wolff in Berlin. She was from
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