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82-414: The Ecto-1 is a 1959 Cadillac Miller-Meteor Sentinel limo-style endloader combination car (ambulance conversion) used in the 1984 film Ghostbusters and other Ghostbusters fiction. The original vehicle design was the creation of Steven Dane, credited as a Hardware Consultant in the credits. In the original movie, Ray Stantz pays $ 4,800 (equivalent to $ 14,077 in 2023) for it and claims it needs

164-497: A recreational vehicle derived from its bus body. By 1927, Wayne introduced the use of steel for its external body panels (combined with a wood internal frame). In the 1910s, Wayne chose to become a body manufacturer for truck chassis (such as the Ford Model T ). In 1914, alongside a line of commercial truck bodies, the company introduced its first motorized "School Car", its first school bus mounted on an automotive chassis. In

246-517: A "Ghostbusters Ecto-1" as part of the "2010 Hot Wheels Premiere" series. Hot Wheels Elite released a highly detailed 1/18 diecast of the Ecto-1 in 2010 and in early 2013, they released a 1/18 Ecto-1A as seen in Ghostbusters II . The repaired Ectomobile is named on-screen with the license plate shown reading "Ecto-1". The word Ectomobile was only used in the song "Cleaning Up The Town" from

328-421: A ghost, allowing it to be held in the stream. The proton pack, designed and built by Dr. Egon Spengler , is a man-portable cyclotron system (and indeed Dr. Peter Venkman refers to the proton packs in one scene as "unlicensed nuclear accelerators"), that is used to create a charged particle beam —composed of protons—that is fired by the particle thrower (also referred to as the "neutrona wand"). Described in

410-430: A line spoken by Egon in Ghostbusters II , each pack's energy cell has a half-life of 5,000 years. Knobs on the main stock of the proton pack can perform various functions to customize the proton stream, including adjustments for stream intensity, length, and degrees of polarization . In the cartoon series The Real Ghostbusters , the maximum power setting for the proton packs is "500,000 MHz," which possibly refers to

492-542: A merger of Divco and Wayne Works, with Divco acquiring the assets of Wayne; a 26% share was owned by the law firm owned by Glekel. Under the merger, Wayne began business as the Divco-Wayne Corporation; by 1961, all management of the merged company came from Wayne, with Glekel serving as president. Following the merger, Divco-Wayne expanded into a manufacturing conglomerate; beyond its bus, professional car, and truck product lines, Divco-Wayne expanded into

574-604: A merger with Wayne Works. After having inspected the Richmond factory for a potential 1949 sale, the New York-based investor retained interest. At the time in the United States, Wayne controlled a 25% share of school bus manufacturing with Miller-Meteor controlling a 50% share of professional car manufacturing. In November 1956, under the leadership of Newton Glekel, a real estate investor from New York, completed

656-798: A military supplier for the Armed Forces. From 1942 to 1945, Wayne would produce 22,857 ambulance bodies for the Dodge WC-54 4x4 chassis. The military also were supplied with other vehicles from the company, including mobile machine shops and buses. Along with conventional-chassis buses, Wayne produced trailer buses pulled by a semi-tractor; the latter buses could transport up to 150 passengers. To conserve steel for war use, Wayne Works and other manufacturers reverted from all-steel construction to building some bus bodies with wooden components during World War II. The company also did some reconstruction on older buses and trucks to extend their lives during

738-630: A number of other Ectomobiles are introduced. Wayne Corporation#Miller-Meteor Second-stage manufacturer The Wayne Corporation was an American manufacturer of buses and other vehicles under the "Wayne" marque . The corporate headquarters were in Richmond, Indiana , in Wayne County, Indiana . During the middle 20th century, Wayne served as a leading producer of school buses in North America . Among innovations introduced by

820-426: A number of significant changes in school bus design. Among other manufacturers, Wayne would introduce changes that have remained part of school bus design, even decades later. In 1930, Wayne Works became the first manufacturer to replace steel-sheathed bodies with full-steel construction, including the internal body frame. Initially offered as an option, the all-steel body became standard in 1933. In 1933, Wayne became

902-481: A plethora of repairs. In Stantz's own words, "it needs suspension work and shocks , brakes , brake pads , lining, steering box, transmission , rear end ... maybe new rings , also mufflers , a little wiring  ..." After the necessary reconstruction, it is used to carry the Ghostbusters and their ghost-capturing equipment through New York City. Its features include a special pull-out rack utilizing

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984-402: A solution to complaints by the actors about the weight of the original prop. These mid-grade pieces featured many details cast in as part of the mold, instead of separate fittings. The electronics and mechanisms were also cut down greatly, reducing the total weight. The original GB1 props would appear in close-ups, the mid-grade in other scenes, and new rubber "stunt" packs were made for whenever

1066-477: Is a fictional energy-based capture device, used for controlling and lassoing ghosts in the Ghostbusters universe . First depicted in the film Ghostbusters , it has a hand-held wand ("Neutrona Wand" or particle thrower) connected to a backpack-sized nuclear accelerator . It controls a stream of highly focused and radially polarized protons that electrostatically controls the negatively charged energy of

1148-477: Is given to the player (the Ghostbuster's new experimental equipment technician /guinea pig) for field testing. This new proton pack is equipped with other features (and upgrades) besides the standard proton stream. The props representing proton packs were originally thought to have been made by the prop department of Columbia Pictures . Information released during the auction of a hero prop proton pack from

1230-524: Is not used in the original movie at all, and is not used until the subway tunnel scene in Ghostbusters II , when Egon says that they should get their proton packs. The doorman to the Mayor's mansion also uses the term proton pack , asking the Ghostbusters if he can buy one from them for his little brother. Egon replies that "A proton pack is not a toy". In the 1984 novelization of Ghostbusters ,

1312-519: The Mercury Comet was introduced. In response, Comet Coach renamed itself Cotner-Bevington Coach Company, taking on the names of its two founders; the company also relocated from Memphis, Tennessee , a few miles north to Blytheville, Arkansas . At the time of its acquisition by Divco-Wayne, Cotner-Bevington specialized primarily in ambulances based on Oldsmobile commercial chassis. In 1968, Wayne began production of truck-based ambulances, using

1394-512: The Thyssen-Bornemisza Group . In 1967, Wayne opened the largest school bus manufacturing facility in the United States; adjacent to Interstate 70 , the factory became a familiar landmark to millions of travelers. During the 1980s, the company struggled against an industry downturn fueled by overcapacity and a difficult market cycle. Following millions of dollars of losses, Wayne Corporation declared bankruptcy in 1992. During

1476-417: The 'streams' to. They were then finished with various surplus 1960s resistors, pneumatic fittings, hoses, ribbon cable , and surplus warning labels and custom-made metal fittings, including an extending barrel mechanism. The overall weight of these props is said to be around 35 pounds (16 kg). The proton packs used in stunt scenes were lightweight foam rubber versions made from the same mould that lacked

1558-502: The 1840s and 1850s, the foundry would undergo several changes of ownership. In 1868, the company produced its first vehicle, a horse-drawn utility wagon derived from the then-popular Conestoga wagon . The 1870s saw two major events that would change the company forever. In 1871, Wayne Agricultural Company was founded out of a reorganization of the foundry ownership (deriving its name from Wayne County, Indiana ). In 1875, Wayne Agricultural relocated its operations to Richmond, Indiana. In

1640-969: The 1930s to the 1970s, a common starting point for such vehicles was the Cadillac Commercial Chassis (or similar vehicles); using a heavy-duty frame, the vehicle was a bare chassis aft of the dashboard, leaving all exterior and interior bodywork to be completed by coachbuilders (much of the vehicle was completed by hand). Divco-Wayne Corporation acquired two professional car manufacturers, Miller-Meteor and Cotner-Bevington; both companies produced funeral cars and ambulances. Wayne Works purchased Meteor Motor Car Company in Piqua, Ohio in 1954. Meteor built professional cars, such as limousines and ambulances. In 1956, Wayne acquired A.J. Miller's professional car building company of Bellefontaine, Ohio . The A.J. Miller Company had begun in 1853 by making horse carriages and then started making automobiles in

1722-507: The 1984 film Ghostbusters and its 1989 and 2021 sequels, is a 1959 Cadillac fitted with a Miller-Meteor ambulance body. Divco-Wayne acquired Cotner-Bevington Coach Company (C-B) in 1965, making it a subsidiary of Wayne Corporation. Founded as Comet Coach Company, the coachbuilder sold the rights in 1959 to the "Comet" name" to Ford Motor Company (which sought to use it for the Lincoln-Mercury Division); in 1960,

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1804-540: The 1990s, Wayne was briefly reorganized as Wayne Wheeled Vehicles , with the Richmond factory utilized by rival manufacturer Carpenter, building school buses from 1996 until its closure in 2000. The ultimate beginning of Wayne Corporation traces back to 1837 in Dublin, Indiana , as the Witt family set up a foundry. Alongside the initial manufacturing of stoves, the foundry expanded its manufacturing to farm implements. Through

1886-441: The 19th century, all manufacturing had been centralized at its facility in Richmond, Indiana. Most bus bodies consisted of in-house manufactured parts and purchased components manufactured by others, combined into bus bodies in assembly operations. Thus, the major two functions of the Richmond, Indiana plant were manufacturing of parts, and assembly. Wayne bus bodies were also assembled at multiple locations of truck body dealers around

1968-569: The 20th century. Wayne products eventually included school buses, transit buses , highway coaches , military and shuttle buses , ambulances and even huge bus bodies pulled by tractor trailers used to haul oil field workers in the Middle East. Among many innovations, Wayne pioneered the side-mounted guard rails of modern school buses, inboard wheelchair lifts, and high-headroom doors (a special accommodation for mobility-challenged persons requiring head and neck support from above). The company

2050-719: The Cotner-Bevington facilities. For 1968, the "Sentinel" (based on the Chevrolet Suburban) was introduced, expanding to the "Vanguard" (based on the Chevrolet Van) in 1971, and "Medicruiser" (based on Dodge Ram Van) in 1973. The Sentinel received a headroom increase for 1971, but were only built through the 1972 model year. After that, the Sentinel brand name was used on Wayne's line of Type I (pickup chassis) modular ambulances. Body shells were produced at

2132-552: The Ghostbusters' old firehouse. After the Ghostbusters restarted their business, Ecto-1 was given a few upgrades, including the ability to deploy an air drone equipped with a ghost trap from its roof, along with a new RTV. It was first used to capture a ghost called the Sewer Dragon. At one point, it was possessed by a ghost called the Possessor, who tried to run over the Ghostbusters. Throughout other Ghostbusters fiction,

2214-644: The Proton Packs are mentioned, eg. “Stantz hauls out the formidable weaponry from the back of the Ectomobile and the four men kit themselves up, buckling on their proton packs…” In the 2009 Ghostbusters game , Ray explains how the proton pack works early in the game; the energy emitted by the proton stream helps to dissipate psychokinetic (PK) energy which ghosts use to manifest themselves. Draining them of their PK energy weakens them, allowing them to be captured in their portable ghost traps. According to

2296-523: The RTV. The next day, amid the chaos caused by the interdimensional cross-rip and with the police preoccupied by the situation, the children recovered Ecto-1 and the RTV from the now-empty police department (freeing Muncher in the process) and drove to the Shandor Mining Company, aided by Trevor's friend Lucky Domingo. After the four captured Gozer's minion Zuul using the RTV, they drove back to

2378-410: The Richmond, Indiana, bus plant for Care-O-Van ambulance units, based upon cutaway chassis and Wayne Busette bodies. In 1973, Wayne truck-based ambulance production moved to Piqua, Ohio, home to Miller-Meteor. C-B stayed in business through the 1975 model year, building only on Oldsmobile commercial chassis after 1964; all other production would become truck-based ambulances. In 1967, the company became

2460-479: The U.S. Toy proton packs were formerly made by Kenner as part of the Real Ghostbusters toy line. They consisted of a plastic hollow pack and gun, with a yellow foam cylinder attached to the front of the gun to represent the beam. In late 2021, Hasbro announced a 1:1 scale replica of Spengler's Proton Pack as a Haslab crowdfunding campaign, with preorders opening in late October 2021. The project

2542-547: The US and at a Canadian assembly plant, Welles, Ltd. in Windsor, Ontario . Kits were also shipped overseas even after all North American assembly was eventually centralized in Richmond, Indiana and Windsor, Ontario in the early 1960s. During the earlier years of the school bus industry, the factory manufactured most of the parts used to assemble a bus body, but it was customary for these to be shipped unassembled to body dealers around

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2624-474: The United States and Canada, for assembly onto an incomplete truck chassis. Gradually, as highway transportation of completed buses became more practical, and school bus bodies became more sophisticated, the assembly of complete bodies onto truck chassis in the United States and Canada became centralized at locations owned by the body companies. The companies often continued to ship "kits" overseas. By

2706-585: The Universal back lot for years. In 2019, the Ecto-1A was turned into one of two weathered versions of the Ecto-1 for the filming of Ghostbusters: Afterlife . It was later used for filming of Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire , particularly the scenes shot in New York. The Universal Studios "Spooktacular" stage show featured an Ectomobile replica built by a man from Tennessee. The Universal Studios Ecto-1 Replica

2788-623: The actor needed to take a fall. The proton pack props from the Ghostbusters movies are some of the most wanted and collectible props ever made. Several GB2 packs have surfaced for auction. In September 2004, one rubber stunt and one fiberglass midgrade prop were auctioned by Profiles in History . The midgrade prop fetched well over $ 13,000. All three variations of the GB2 pack have been displayed at various Planet Hollywood restaurants around

2870-531: The company began a transition towards the manufacturing of automobile bodies. In addition, the company began production of complete automobiles, with the Richmond built between 1901 and 1917. The Wayne County Historical Museum in Richmond, Indiana has a rare 1907 "Richmond" on display, along with horse-drawn "kid hack" also manufactured by the Wayne Works. In 1922, Wayne introduced the Touring Home,

2952-588: The company discontinued operations in 1992 and its assets were liquidated. Later in 1992, the Wayne brand was reorganized as Wayne Wheeled Vehicles , doing business through 1995. Wayne is a name in school transportation that predates the familiar yellow school bus seen all over the United States and Canada. Beginning in the 19th century, craftsmen in Richmond, Indiana at Wayne Works and its successors built horse-drawn vehicles , including kid hacks , evolving into automobiles and virtually all types of bus bodies during

3034-428: The company introduced a redesigned bus body, introducing wraparound rear windows and an optional wraparound windshield. In the mid-1950s, Wayne expanded beyond bus manufacturing, as it acquired two manufacturers of professional cars . In 1954, the company acquired Meteor Motor Car and A.J. Miller Company in 1956, merging them together as Miller-Meteor. In 1956, Newton Glekel began negotiations with Divco to undergo

3116-437: The company produced its largest school bus, seating 115 students. In 1938, Wayne Works introduced its first forward-control school bus, offered as a second-party conversion on its conventional-chassis body. In contrast to later front-engine buses, the driver sat on top of the front axle (instead of before the front axle). In April 1939, a school bus industry conference hosted by rural education expert Frank W. Cyr would change

3198-553: The company produced the Divco Dividend bus, a Divco truck modified with seats and windows from Wayne buses. In 1967, Divco-Wayne sold off its namesake truck manufacturing arm to air conditioning manufacturer Transairco. As part of the sale, Transairco shifted manufacturing of Divco trucks in 1969 from Detroit to Delaware, Ohio, lasting until 1986. As Wayne started out as the Wayne Agricultural Works in

3280-427: The company were the first application of cutaway van chassis for a school bus and an improvement in structural integrity in bus body construction, involving the use of continuous longitudinal panels to reduce body joints; the design change happened before federal standards required stronger body structures in school buses. After 1980, Wayne faced difficulty competing in a market with overcapacity. Declaring bankruptcy,

3362-514: The crew, along with Ecto Goggles, P.K.E. Meters, and a slew of traps. After the Ghostbusters were shut down, Ecto-1 was used primarily for transport to and from appearances at such places as children's birthday parties. It fell into a state of disrepair and was seen spewing smoke, and had other various mechanical problems. Following the Ghostbusters' return to business in 1989 after capturing the Scoleri Brothers, Ecto-1 got an overhaul and

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3444-479: The design of the school bus forever. Although Wayne Works was not a participant, the results would lead to many industry-wide changes. Along with the adoption of chrome yellow as a standard color for school buses, the conference resulted in the development of a number of industry-wide standards, including the adoption of forward-facing seats and the standardization of many body dimensions. For World War II, as with other school bus manufacturers, Wayne Works retooled as

3526-554: The door on Gozer and its control. As the Ghostbusters cross the streams, the combination of that much energy closes the door to Gozer's dimension and severs its ties to our world. The resulting blast destroys a good portion of the roof and blows up the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man . In Ghostbusters: The Video Game , the Ghostbusters mention that "crossing the streams" during the Gozer Incident (events of

3608-598: The early part of the 20th century. However, the small company found it could not compete in the general market with the larger automobile makers, so they began specializing in hearses and ambulances . Over the years the Miller hearses became known and used throughout the world. The Miller Co. was combined with Wayne's existing professional car subsidiary, Meteor Motor Car Company, forming the new Miller-Meteor (M-M) division of Wayne. Professional car manufacturers Miller and Meteor, newly combined as Miller-Meteor, were brought into

3690-424: The electronics of the hero props. Some packs from Ghostbusters were used in the follow-up Ghostbusters II . These packs were slightly redressed, and the angle of the gun, or "wand" mount was changed to pitch forward slightly, in order to make the prop easier for the actor to use. In addition to these redressed props, one of the originals was used to make a new mold to produce lighter-weight "mid-grade" props as

3772-474: The farm in order to lure Gozer into a field of ghost traps placed by Spengler and capture it with the help of the Ghostbusters; however, Gozer caught up to them at the last second and destroyed the RTV, releasing Zuul. During the confrontation with Gozer, Mini-Pufts snuck onto Ecto-1 and attempted to sabotage the vehicle's equipment, but Podcast eventually repels them with a taser. Following Gozer's defeat, Winston Zeddemore had Ecto-1 fully restored and delivered to

3854-414: The film's soundtrack. The filmmakers planned to have the Ecto-1 painted black, but the color of the vehicle was changed to white when it was decided a black car would be too difficult to see during night scenes. Three cars have played the vehicle in the movies; the third 1959 Miller-Meteor was purchased after the second died during shooting of Ghostbusters II . The black Miller-Meteor seen at the beginning of

3936-437: The first Ghostbusters also includes mentions of the Ectomobile having the power of interdimensional travel. The shooting script for the movie describes the Ectomobile as being black, with purple and white strobe lights that gave the vehicle a "purple aura". A miniature replica of the vehicle was mass-produced as a children's toy. Polar Lights released a 1/24 scale model kit of the Ecto-1 in 2002. In 2010, Hot Wheels released

4018-463: The first Ghostbusters film) only worked due to the presence of a cross-dimension portal (a tactic which is referred to as the "Gozer gambit" by Ray) and should only be used as a last resort. During the game's climax, the Ghostbusters are pulled into Ivo Shandor's ghostly realm and come face-to-face with Shandor's Destructor form, forcing them to resort to "crossing the streams" to defeat Shandor. The resulting blast not only destroys Shandor but also sends

4100-437: The first coachbuilder to standardize air conditioning on all vehicles produced. Divco-Wayne Corporation manufactured housing brands included Kozy, Elcar, Star, and National. The Divco-Wayne conglomerate also had a financial arm, Divco-Wayne Acceptance Corporation, which was also known as Divco-Wayne Financial, Wayne Acceptance or Financial Corporation and Wayne Financial Sales Corporation. Proton pack The proton pack

4182-520: The first film in July 2012 revealed that the hero proton packs could have been made by Boss Film Studios , a prop studio started by ILM veteran Richard Edlund. The hero prop packs were made of molded fiberglass shells on aluminium backplates (or "motherboards") bolted to military surplus ALICE frames. The basic shape was sculpted from foam; later, a rubber mold was made of it, from which fiberglass shells were made. The electronics were quite advanced for

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4264-405: The first manufacturer to offer an all-steel body with safety glass windows. In addition, the company began to phase in the heavy-duty reinforced side rails seen on school buses, "collision rails" or "guard rails" became an added safety feature. For 1936, Wayne redesigned its school bus body, making it sectional, allowing a customer to add or remove sections for repair or change capacity. In 1937,

4346-430: The first movie as a " positron collider ", it functions by colliding high-energy positrons to generate its proton beam. The beam allows a Ghostbuster to contain and hold "negatively charged ectoplasmic entities". This containment ability allows the wielder to position a ghost above a trap for capture. The stream is also quite destructive to physical objects, and can cause extensive property damage. The name proton pack

4428-453: The first movie was leased and used only for that scene and never converted for filming. The original Ecto-1 was restored by Sony for the release of Ghostbusters: The Video Game , and currently sits in front of Sony Picture's Ghost Corps building along with the 2016 Ecto-1. The Ecto-1A was originally scheduled to be restored along with the Ecto-1, but a lack in funds meant only Ecto-1 could be restored. The deteriorated car continued to sit at

4510-403: The fold of Divco-Wayne as the newly formed conglomerate was developing its opportunities in this field. Although the recently combined Miller-Meteor company was initially based at Bellefontaine, Ohio , originally the home of the A.J. Miller Company, under Divco-Wayne ownership, it was later relocated to Piqua, Ohio , Meteor's old hometown nearby. Ecto-1 , the vehicle used by the protagonists in

4592-522: The grounds of the farm inherited by his mother Callie. The vehicle had deteriorated in storage to the point of being completely non-functional, but Trevor repaired it with help from Spengler's ghost. He, his sister Phoebe, and her friend Podcast used Ecto-1 and the RTV to capture a ghost named Muncher, but the three were arrested for the damage they caused and Ecto-1 was impounded at the Summerville County Sheriff's Department along with

4674-419: The late 1880s, Wayne Agricultural fell into receivership and was nearly closed; in 1888, the company was reorganized as Wayne Works. In 1902, Wayne Works was forced to rebuild after a fire destroyed the factory. Following the closure of Wayne Agricultural in 1888, Wayne Works began focusing its product range from farm implements towards horse-drawn vehicles, including wagons and carriages. In 1892, Wayne Works

4756-442: The manufacturing of mobile homes, recreational vehicles, and ambulances. Although Divco would continue the manufacturing of its namesake delivery vehicles, nearly all vehicle manufacturing was completed through Wayne and its professional car subsidiaries. Divco stands for D etroit I ndustrial V ehicles CO mpany. Founded in 1926, Divco was known for its pioneering delivery vehicles , with many examples built as milk trucks . At

4838-478: The mid-1960s, several other body companies (notably Blue Bird Body Company and Perley A. Thomas Car Works ) maintained assembly plants at multiple locations. Instead of establishing multiple assembly points in the U.S., Wayne chose to replace the overcrowded and aged Wayne Works facility on E Street near downtown Richmond with a single new plant large enough to handle both manufacturing and assembly for United States production. Due primarily to Canadian import tariffs,

4920-482: The movie pack, a boson dart capable pack and the Extreme Ghostbusters pack in use. The IDW comic also shows a proton pistol attachment to the movie pack being used by Winston while hunting down Slimer. There's something very important I forgot to tell you! Don't cross the streams… It would be bad… Try to imagine all life as you know it stopping instantaneously and every molecule in your body exploding at

5002-414: The old ambulance's gurney in the rear containing the staff's proton packs. There are also various gadgets mounted on the top, whose functions are never revealed in the movies. A cartoon episode features the proton cannon , presumably a more powerful version of a proton pack, mounted on top for use against extra-large or even giant-sized paranormal entities. Earlier versions of scripts written by Aykroyd for

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5084-493: The parts of the proton packs and a PKE meter in Summerville, Oklahoma , to keep Gozer's portal closed with safely fired crossed streams. Later, the Ghostbusters again crossing their proton streams against Gozer to counter its energy-based powers and to weaken its physical form, allowing them to capture the deity in their 198 ghost traps. The game features a modified version of the proton pack (an experimental prototype) which

5166-409: The power system; now, the packs required replaceable proton canisters to be loaded in for them to function. The trap was redesigned as well, into a gold-colored, round-shaped device with an opening hatch atop it. Kylie would typically carry it; due to this, she did not carry a normal proton pack, instead carrying a not-as-powerful proton pistol. The IDW monthly Ghostbusters comic storyline has shown

5248-419: The proton packs and ghost traps are redesigned to combat the threat of the malevolent Achira, an ancient disease-provoking entity accidentally released by workers constructing a new subway tunnel. Egon, with the help of Roland, Kylie and Eduardo, increased the proton packs' nuclear capability (to deal with Achira and other subsequent enemies, much stronger than what the original Ghostbusters had faced) and modified

5330-403: The rate of positron collisions occurring within the pack's accelerator system. In the cartoon the packs also have a self-destruct mechanism capable of affecting at least a half-mile radius. The Real Ghostbusters also made proton packs less efficient with power cells, allowing them to run out of energy when appropriate for dramatic tension. For the 1997 animated spinoff Extreme Ghostbusters ,

5412-590: The rear emergency exit seen on the buses of today; the primary mode of ingress/egress is now through a curbside door. Following World War I, Wayne Works began to produce the School Car in large numbers; alongside changes in education funding and school modernization, the motorized school bus was a contributing factor in the decline of rural one-room schools in United States. Although fewer children lived within walking distance of school, school systems consisted of fewer but larger multi-room schools. The 1930s marked

5494-482: The reboot film Ghostbusters (2016), shows that its iteration of the Ghostbusters (Abby Yates, Erin Gilbert, Jillian Holtzman, and Patty Tolan) had initially tried to close Rowan North's portal with their crossed streams before resorting to use their Ecto-1's reactor to detonate an explosion to create the total protonic reversal powerful enough to seal it. In Ghostbusters: Afterlife , Egon built proton cannons with

5576-645: The separate Canadian assembly plant (Welles, Ltd.) had been established and was maintained for Canadian production. In 1963, Divco-Wayne acquired Welles entirely, making it a subsidiary of the company. The professional car (quoted from a leading trade association) "is loosely defined as a custom-bodied vehicle, based on passenger car styling, and used in the funeral, rescue or livery services." Such vehicles may be ambulances, funeral cars ( hearses , flower cars , service cars), limousines, or combination cars , vehicles specially built to combine multiple functions (hearse-ambulances, sedan ambulances or invalid coaches). From

5658-548: The sole Canadian distributor of Wayne Works school buses. Named for Halsey V. Welles (who founded H. V. Welles Ltd. in 1925), Welles Corporation was first established as Warford Corp. of Canada to distribute Warford transmissions. In late 1950, Wayne Works changed hands, as the Jeffery Ives Corporation acquired Wayne Works from the Clements family, involved with the company ownership since 1897. For 1952,

5740-506: The speed of light. Crossing the streams was initially discouraged, as Egon believed that "total protonic reversal" would occur: this effect would have catastrophic results (see quote above) if they are crossed over three seconds. However, in a desperate effort to stop the powerful Gozer the Gozerian , Egon noted that the door to Gozer's temple "swings both ways" and that by crossing the streams, they may be able to create enough force to close

5822-404: The team flying back to their dimension. During gameplay, it is possible for the player to cross the streams with another Ghostbuster, but this will only cause a burst of energy to travel down the stream and deal a massive amount of damage to the player, while also knocking them off their feet for a short time, due to a new "safety" that was installed on the neutrona wand. In the extended version of

5904-595: The time of the Divco-Wayne merger, 75% of milk delivery vehicles sold in the United States were manufactured by Divco. First built in 1926, Divco produced its delivery trucks until 1986; only the Volkswagen Beetle remained in production under a single generation for longer. Divco trucks have become popular collectible vehicles today. Following the 1956 merger, Divco-Wayne continued manufacturing of Divco trucks in its Detroit facility. From 1959 to 1961,

5986-412: The time. The packs have a lightbar with 15 blue scrolling lights in a box on the left-hand side and 4 red lights in the circular " cyclotron " portion of the bottom of the prop that light up in rotation. The "wand" also featured numerous light features; the most elaborate versions had fluorescent bargraphs , incandescent bulbs , and strobing flashes in the tip for the visual effects crew to synchronize

6068-421: The vehicle bodies for school transportation that the company produced during this era, passengers sat on perimeter seating, facing the sides rather than the front of the bus. In place of wooden benches, the 1914 School Car was fitted with padded seats. Entry and egress was through a door at the rear, a design first utilized from the days of wagons (to avoid startling the horses). This feature was retained, becoming

6150-537: The vehicle body, allowing a team member to fire a Proton Pack without having to lean out a window. A folding ramp was also installed in the floor to assist in deployment of the Remote Trap Vehicle (RTV), a ghost trap fitted with a radio-controlled car that can follow the Cadillac. There is also a compartment in the vehicle that can carry the RTV. In June 2021, Spengler's grandson Trevor found Ecto-1 on

6232-577: The war years, as did other bus body manufacturers. In 1944, as the end of World War II approached, Wayne returned to building all-steel bodies. Following World War II, Wayne Works began to adapt for new markets for its vehicles. In 1948, Wayne entered a joint venture with Crown Coach to distribute a separate bus; the joint venture resulted in Crown becoming the West Coast distributor for Wayne. The same year, Welles Corporation of Windsor, Ontario became

6314-454: The way for U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) for school buses, most of which became applicable on April 1, 1977. In the years after, Wayne continued to be a leader in bus safety engineering. Through nearly 160 years of existence, Wayne went through several ownership and name changes. From 1955 to 1975 alone, the business underwent periods under the ownership of Divco (as "Divco-Wayne"), Boise Cascade , "Indian Head, Inc.", and

6396-421: Was commissioned by an Ohio school district to build a wagon designed for student transport . Its "School Car" featured perimeter seating with wooden bench seats. Other wagons at the time adapted for transporting students were referred to as "school hacks,","school trucks," or " kid hacks ." In 1902, Wayne Works was forced to completely rebuild after a fire destroyed the factory. Moving away from farm implements,

6478-424: Was renamed Ecto-1a, although it was eventually reverted back to Ecto-1. When his colleagues refused to believe his warnings of Gozer's potential return, Egon Spengler stole all of the team's equipment, including Ecto-1, and relocated to a farmhouse in Summerville, Oklahoma. At some point, an extendable gunner seat was added to the right rear passenger area and the corresponding door was modified to fold flat against

6560-658: Was sold at the Barrett-Jackson auto auction in Scottsdale Arizona on January 22, 2010, for $ 80,000. Another replica was made by Peter Mosen and bought by George Barris . Yet another replica currently resides at Historic Auto Attractions museum in Roscoe, Illinois . The vehicle used for Ecto-1 was a 1959 Cadillac professional chassis, built by the Miller-Meteor company. The ambulance/hearse combination

6642-503: Was the end loader variety. Dr. Ray Stantz found the vehicle in 1984, shortly after he mortgaged his mother's house to buy the Firehouse. Because of his mechanical skills, he was able to repair the vehicle, which he acquired for $ 4,800. After repairs were completed, the vehicle had quite a unique character. It became a well-recognized symbol for the Ghostbusters franchise. The vehicle had enough room in it to store Proton Packs for all of

6724-463: Was the first with a school bus based upon a cutaway van chassis , the Wayne Busette , a body design that would set a precedent for small school bus design, more than 40 years after its introduction. The crowning safety achievement was the "Wayne Lifeguard" structural body design introduced in 1973, which featured continuous interior and exterior longitudinal panels. The body design helped pave

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