Misplaced Pages

#265734

41-509: Koshi Province ( 越国 , Koshi-no-Kuni ) was an ancient province of Japan and is listed as one of the original provinces in the Nihon Shoki . The region as a whole was sometimes referred to as Esshū ( 越州 ) . In 507, during a succession crisis, the king of Koshi was chosen to become the 26th emperor of Japan , Emperor Keitai . In 701 AD, per the reforms of the Taihō Code , Koshi

82-725: A few were then divided to give a total of 45 by 1885. Adding Hokkaidō and Okinawa produced the current total of 47 prefectures. Provinces are classified into Kinai (in or near the capital, then Kyoto) and seven or eight dō (routes, or circuits ), collectively known as the Gokishichidō . However, dō in this context should not be confused with modern traffic lines such as the Tōkaidō from Tokyo to Kyoto or Kobe . Also, Hokkaidō in this context should not be confused with Hokkaidō Prefecture , although these two overlap geographically. No order has ever been issued explicitly abolishing

123-561: A guard against the particularly tumultuous times in which he lived. Daimyō , samurai warlords, fought one another for territory nearly constantly, across the entire country. Rennyo thus saw to it that the temples of his sect were fortified and defended from attackers. Though it was his charismatic leadership and populist teachings that inspired the fervor which powered the Ikkō-ikki uprisings, he never advocated or supported them. The uprisings continued nevertheless, past Rennyo's death in 1499, and

164-470: A short time, after which the three were granted larger fiefs of their own elsewhere. After the death of Nobunaga, control of Echizen passed on to Shibata Katsuie , who built his castle at Kitanosho Castle in what is now the city of Fukui . Shibata himself only held Echizen Province for a few years, after which he was defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi . After the Battle of Sekigahara and the establishment of

205-554: Is a branch of the worship of Amida developed from the teaching of Shinran into an aggressive doctrine of salvation by faith." In the 13th century, the jizamurai , a new class of small landowners, "formed leagues ( ikki ) for mutual defence", since they came from "good warrior families, long established in their own districts, and they were determined to protect their interests, both economic and social, against newcomers", according to Sansom. The Shirahata-Ikki, "White Flag Uprising", and Mikazuki-Ikki, "Crescent Uprising", were examples of

246-607: Is based on the Gokishichidō ( 五畿七道 ) , which includes short-lived provinces. Provinces located within Hokkaidō are listed last. Equivalent to Shikoku and its surroundings, as well as a nearby area of Honshu Equivalent to Kyushu and its surroundings Equivalent to Hokkaido and its surroundings. Originally known as the Ezo Region , before being renamed and organized as 11 provinces (1869–1882). Detailed maps of

287-600: Is true for some city names, for example to distinguish Yamato-Koriyama, Nara from Koriyama, Fukushima . Simplified names of provinces ( -shū ) are also used, such as Shinshū soba and Kishū dog . Some of the province names are used to indicate distinct parts of the current prefectures along with their cultural and geographical characteristics. In many cases these names are also in use with directional characters, e.g. Hoku-Setsu ( 北摂 ) meaning Northern ( 北 ) Settsu ( 摂津 ) area. The districts are still considered prefectural subdivisions, but following mergers or divisions of

328-556: The Fuhanken sanchisei during the Meiji Restoration from 1868 to 1871, except for Hokkaido , which was divided into provinces from 1869 to 1882. No order has ever been issued explicitly abolishing the provinces, but they are considered obsolete as administrative units. The provinces are still used in general conversation, especially in navigation and transportation, and referenced in products and geographical features of

369-506: The Ikkō-ikki . As a result, Echizen became a refuge for people fleeing the violence to the south. When Oda Nobunaga invaded Echizen, he defeated the Asakura clan, burned Ichijōdani Castle to the ground and re-established the provincial capital at Echizen-Fūchu, divided among his generals Fuwa Mitsuharu , Sassa Narimasa , and Maeda Toshiie . The province remained in their hands only for

410-682: The Edo period , the fiefs became known as han . Imperial provinces and shogunal domains made up complementary systems. For example, when the shōgun ordered a daimyō to make a census or to make maps, the work was organized in terms of the boundaries of the provincial kuni . At the Meiji Restoration , the han were legitimized as administrative units by the reform known as the Fuhanken Sanchisei , but they were gradually replaced by prefectures between 1868 and 1871 (urban prefectures were called fu and rural prefectures ken ). Provinces as part of

451-628: The Heian period , the provincial governor of Echizen, Fujiwara no Tametoki , was the father of the celebrated author Murasaki Shikibu . Lady Murasaki left her hometown of Heian-kyō only once in her life, to go to Echizen with her father. She stayed for just over one year, and then returned home to marry Fujiwara no Nobutaka . Her experiences in Echizen are said to have had a major influence on her greatest work, The Tale of Genji , and many place names from Echizen appear in her stories and poems. Echizen

SECTION 10

#1732765095266

492-455: The Nara period (710 to 794), but remained unchanged from the Heian period (794 to 1185) until the Edo period (1603 to 1868). The provinces coexisted with the han (domain) system, the personal estates of feudal lords and warriors, and became secondary to the domains in the late Muromachi period (1336 to 1573). The Provinces of Japan were replaced with the current prefecture system in

533-461: The Tokugawa shogunate , the entire province was awarded by the first shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu to his second son, Yūki Hideyasu , who became the daimyō of Echizen Domain , from his base at Fukui Castle . During the early years of the Tokugawa shogunate , many nobles and aristocrats moved to Fukui city in hopes to win the favor of Hideyasu, who was widely expected to become the new shōgun. There

574-617: The United States and (b) between Japan and the United Kingdom . In a border adjustment between Fukui prefecture and Gifu Prefecture on October 15, 1958, the village of Itoshiro in Ōno District was transferred to Gifu. Echizen Province consisted of four districts: [REDACTED] Media related to Echizen Province at Wikimedia Commons Old provinces of Japan Provinces of Japan ( 令制国 , Ryōseikoku ) were first-level administrative divisions of Japan from

615-524: The ikki lay across major trade routes and occupied the same areas that Nobunaga saw as his primary territorial objectives. Nearly every road to the capital from this western part of the country was controlled by the ikki or their allies, and the populist roots of the ikki movement gave them significant economic power as well. Nobunaga in particular sought the destruction of the Ikkō-ikki for these reasons, and because they allied themselves with nearly every one of his major enemies or rivals. Ashikaga Yoshiaki

656-512: The provincial capital and Provincial temple of Echizen are unknown, but are believed to have been in what is now the city of Echizen . For most of the war between the Northern and Southern Courts , Echizen was under the control of the Ashikaga shogunate and Northern Courts. The province was often used as a launching point for the shogunate's attack against the capital, and Echizen became

697-669: The 17th daimyō of Fukui Domain plays a major role in national politics, and acted as an intermediary to negotiate the surrender of pro-Tokugawa forces to the Meiji government at the end of the Boshin War . However, with the Meiji Restoration, the centre of political power shifted completely from Kyoto to Tokyo , and Echizen increasingly became a backwater. On August 29, 1871, Fukui Prefecture and Tsuruga Prefecture were established. However, on August 21, 1875 Fukui Prefecture

738-505: The 600s to 1868. Provinces were established in Japan in the late 7th century under the Ritsuryō law system that formed the first central government . Each province was divided into districts ( 郡 , gun ) and grouped into one of the geographic regions or circuits known as the Gokishichidō (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits). Provincial borders often changed until the end of

779-458: The first time in Japanese history that a group of commoners ruled a province. The Ikko-ikki fought Asakura Norikage in the Battle of Kuzuryūgawa  [ ja ] of 1506 and defeated Nagao Tamekage in the 1536 Battle of Sendanno . They fought Asakura Norikage again in the 1555 Battle of Daishoji-omote. Rennyo was a pacifist and taught pacifism. He advocated self-defense only as

820-410: The forces of Oda Nobunaga . After several failed attempts at seizing each emplacement, he eventually succeeded. In the 1580s, the last of the Ikkō-ikki courted Toyotomi Hideyoshi , and fought alongside his forces against warrior monks and priests of other sects. The Ikkō-ikki bands of the 16th century, due largely to their origins as countryside mobs, used quite varied armor and armament. Many wore

861-522: The members of the numerous ikki" occupied the monasteries and shrines, and "would ring the warning bells day and night, hoping to terrify the rich citizens", according to Sansom. The Ikkō-ikki were, at first, disparate and disorganized followers of Rennyo's teachings. His missionary work, and his appointment to the position of abbot of the Kyoto Hongan-ji, was in 1457, allowed him to "express in words and deeds" his unorthodox views. In 1465, Rennyo

SECTION 20

#1732765095266

902-400: The more traditional priest robes, with varying degrees and types of armor. Some wore various sorts of helmets, while others opted for the straw hat and cloak of a peasant. Naginata remained very common, along with a variety of swords and daggers, and a limited number of arquebuses . Finally, while not truly armor nor armament, a very common item wielded by the mobs of Ikkō-ikki priest warriors

943-467: The numerous risings against the Ashikaga shogunate . An uprising involving an entire province was called a Kuni-Ikki (kuni meaning province). Uprisings took place in 1351, 1353, 1369, 1377, 1384–1386, and 1366–1369. The risings in the 15th century, Tsuchi-Ikki or Do-Ikki, were better organized "and the peasants appear to have played a more prominent part". At the conclusion of the Ōnin War , in 1477, "many of

984-491: The prefectures covering their former territories. The provinces were originally established by the Ritsuryō reforms as both administrative units and geographic regions. From the late Muromachi period , however, they were gradually supplanted by the domains of the sengoku daimyō . Under the rule of Toyotomi Hideyoshi during Azuchi–Momoyama period, the provinces were supplemented as primary local administrative units. The local daimyōs ' fiefs were developed. In

1025-548: The province remained in the control of the Matsudaira clan until the Meiji Restoration ; however, due to internal conflicts, the kokudaka of Fukui Domain was much reduced from its initial size, and several new domains were created. A large portion of the area of the province also became tenryo territory (shogunal demenses) administered directly by the shogunate. During the Bakumatsu period , Matsudaira Shungaku ,

1066-499: The provinces at different times can be found at: Ikk%C5%8D-ikki Ikkō-ikki ( 一向一揆 , " Ikkō-shū Uprising") were rebellious or autonomous groups of people that were formed in several regions of Japan in the 15th-16th centuries; backed up by the power of the Jōdo Shinshū sect of Buddhism , they opposed the rule of governors or daimyō . Mainly consisting of priests, peasants, merchants and local lords who followed

1107-532: The provinces they may be shared among several prefectures (such as the original Adachi District of Musashi , which is now divided between Adachi Ward in Tokyo and Kita-Adachi District in Saitama ). Many of these old provincial districts have been dissolved as their chief towns have been merged into larger cities or towns. See individual prefecture pages for mergers and abolitions of districts. The following list

1148-625: The provinces, but they are considered obsolete. Nevertheless, their names are still widely used in names of natural features, company names, and brands. These province names are considered to be mainly of historical interest. They are also used for the names of items, including family names , most of which were popularized in or after the Edo period . Examples include sanuki udon , iyokan , tosa ken , Chikuzenni , and awa odori . Japan Rail and other railway stations also use them in names to distinguish themselves from similarly named stations in other prefectures, such as Musashi-Kosugi Station . The same

1189-486: The sect, they sometimes associated with non-followers of the sect. They were at first organized to only a small degree; if any single person could be said to have had any influence over them it was Rennyo , the leader of the Jōdo Shinshū Hongan-ji sect at that time. Whilst he may have used the religious fervour of the Ikkō-ikki in the defence of his temple settlements, he was also careful to distance himself from

1230-654: The stage for a number of decisive battles of the war. During most of the Muromachi period , the Shiba clan ruled as shugo of Echizen. The Shiba were displaced by the Asakura clan towards the start of the Sengoku period , who made Ichijōdani their headquarters. Under Asakura Yoshikage , Echizen enjoyed a peace and stability far greater than the rest of Japan during this chaotic period, partly due to his negotiations with

1271-544: The sub-sect of Jōdo Shinshū that he had founded spread as well. They established themselves in fortresses at Ishiyama Hongan-ji , just outside Osaka , and in Nagashima , on the borders of Owari and Ise Provinces and in a series of temples in Mikawa Province as well. Towards the end of the 16th century, however, their growing numbers and strength caught the attention and concern of the great samurai leaders of

Echizen Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

1312-459: The system of addresses were not abolished but, on the contrary, augmented. As of 1871, the number of prefectures was 304, while the number of provinces was 68, not including Hokkaidō or the Ryūkyū Islands . The boundaries between the many prefectures were not only very complicated, but also did not match those of the provinces. Prefectures were gradually merged to reduce the number to 37 by 1881;

1353-513: The time. Tokugawa Ieyasu worried that sōhei of Mikawa Province would rise up and seize the province. In 1564, his forces, with the help of Jōdo-shū sōhei, defeated the Mikawa Ikkō-ikki in the Battle of Azukizaka . The ikki attracted the ire of the likes of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga due to the economic and political threat they posed, more so than as a result of their military might. Ishiyama Hongan-ji and other strongholds of

1394-594: The wider social rebellion of the Ikkō movement as a whole, and from offensive violence in particular. With recent improvements in firearms at the time, the Ikko-ikki movement would be able to rise very suddenly as a menacing force which presented a credible threat to the government, as a peasant or merchant could transform himself into a capable mobile cannoneer in mere days. According to George Sansom , "The Ikko (Single-Minded) sect of Nenbutsu , or Buddha-calling ...

1435-607: Was a strategically important province due to its proximity to Kyoto and Nara and due to its location on the Sea of Japan with contacts to the Asian continent. The province was traditionally famous for its production of washi paper. A text dated AD 774 mentions the washi made in this area. Echizen is also well known for its ceramics . It is one of the so-called six old kiln sites of Japan (the others being Shigaraki , Bizen , Seto , Tanba , and Tokoname ). The exact location of

1476-432: Was abolished, becoming part of Ishikawa Prefecture , whereas Tsuruga Prefecture became part of Shiga Prefecture . Fukui Prefecture was re-established on February 7, 1881. Although Echizen no longer existed after 1871 and maps of Japan were reformed after that date At the same time, Echizen continued to exist legally for certain purposes. For example, Echizen is explicitly recognized in treaties in 1894 (a) between Japan and

1517-399: Was divided into three separate provinces: Echizen, Etchū , and Echigo . The original Echizen included all of what is now Ishikawa Prefecture . In 718 A.D., four districts of northern Echizen ( Hakui District , Noto District (also called Kashima District) , Fugeshi District and Suzu District ), were separated to form Noto Province. During the Nara period , the poet Nakatomi no Yakamori

1558-528: Was exiled to Echizen, where he wrote some of his 40 poems collected in the Man'yōshū , including his love letters to Sanuno Otogami no Otome . Another famous Man'yōshū poet, Ōtomo no Yakamochi , wrote many pieces about Echizen. . In 823 AD, the two eastern districts of Echizen (Kaga and Enuma) were separated to form Kaga Province. Kaga was thus the last province to be created under the ritsuryō system, and Echizen received its current borders at that time. During

1599-506: Was forced to flee Kyoto , and established a new Hongan-ji branch temple, Yoshizaki-gobō , in Echizen Province in 1471. It was at this temple that he began to attract a significant following among peasants and farmers. About 1486 brought the first violent uprising, the first major organized action on the part of the Ikkō-ikki. They overthrew the governor of Kaga Province , and took control of it for themselves ; this represented

1640-553: Was great disappointment and resentment when the shogunate passed on to Ieyasu's third son, Tokugawa Hidetada . However, Echizen remained a strategically important military and political base; the Tokugawa shōguns needed loyal daimyō in the provinces surrounding the imperial capital, and Echizen served as a powerful buffer between Kyōto and the Maeda clan of Kaga , who were not among the fudai (hereditary Tokugawa allies). Much of

1681-708: Was once strongly supported in his claim to become Shōgun by Nobunaga, but turned to the ikki when their relationship soured. The ikki also had powerful allies in the Mōri , Azai , and Asakura clans . In the Asakura stronghold of Echizen province, today's Fukui-prefecture, Nobunaga ordered his generals to kill the people in Ajimano village in August 1575 as noted in The Chronicle of Lord Nobunaga. The Ishiyama Hongan-ji and Nagashima fortresses were besieged several times by

Echizen Province - Misplaced Pages Continue

#265734