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29-607: The École navale and its research institute (IRENAV) are in Lanvéoc-Poulmic, south of the roadstead of Brest . The academy was founded in 1830, by order of King Louis-Philippe . Originally the academy was based on ships, anchored in the harbour of Brest , such as the Borda (previously named Valmy ), hence the nickname of "Bordache" given to the students. In 1914, the École navale was transferred ashore in Brest. The school

58-471: A catch in time of war with its sails, and also because it was part of the old traditions of the French Navy. The two years of school were well filled up with everything that a Navy officer had to learn: rowing, sailing, the machines, armed drill and weapons instruction, combat training aboard or onshore, signal flags, vessel maintenance, superior mathematics, geography, hydrography, English language, and

87-464: A high level of biodiversity. It also includes many sites of importance for birds, several networks of habitats and underwater corridors and coastal areas of importance. These areas have been greatly affected by the human activities in the north-west, but have justified the classification of around half of the roadstead as a zone in Natura 2000 . The rich ecology of the roadstead has been diminished by

116-701: A lot more. At the 3rd year of studies, the 2nd classmen left the Borda for their training cruises to various parts of the world. In the beginning of the 20th century, a project to move the Ecole Naval , to the ground, had almost made its way. The chosen place was at la Pointe, in the district of Recouvrance ( Brest ). The project failed due to a lack of money. However the school settled in 1915 in buildings already built in Laninon, also situated in Recouvrance, as

145-575: Is a degree that is awarded following three years of post-high education. Since 2009, l'École navale has adapted it to fully comply with the European education system. The students are recruited by a competitive exam after two or three years of preparatory mathematics classes. The programme consists in 6 semesters (or 360 credits, per the ECTS ): In their second year, students rank as aspirant , and as commissioned enseigne de vaisseau de deuxième classe in

174-662: Is about 180 km² (70 sq mi). The port of Brest and one of the two French naval bases , Brest Arsenal , are located on its northern edge. It is linked to the Atlantic Ocean (called the Iroise Sea at this point) by the Goulet de Brest , a strait about 1.8 km wide. Three main rivers drain into the roadstead: the Penfeld (the town of Brest and the first buildings of the naval base were built on its banks),

203-430: Is followed by the "under contract officers". This officer initial formation is given at the École navale. Its target is to give to this young graduate, of the superior education of diversified origins, a maritime, military culture and an engineer formation. The course runs for a year. It is attested by the attribution for: At the end of that year, the midshipmen are given the rank of ensign, and they are sent to follow

232-538: Is now known as the Naval Instruction Center which hosts the Lycée naval , the École de maistrance and the (currently reopened) Ecole des Mousses . As all officers obtain a college major upon graduation, military and leadership education is nested with academic instruction. The Naval School operates one three-year and a one year program each depending on the midshipman's option. The engineer degree

261-561: Is the "widow". The elephants, or the " pékins ", are the civilians; the " bordache ", or the " type-baille ", is the student. The " chafustard " is the mechanic; and the mastiffs are the subofficers assuring the military surrounding. Finally, the songs of the board are often crude, but of high musical and literary standard. Nowadays, the student body uses some expressions coming from other military academies ( École Polytechnique , Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr , École de l'air ) and from military high schools. The standard reference book about

290-637: Is the section of the city of Brest, France , on the right bank of the River Penfeld . The popular and historically- Breton quarter is in contrast to the largely- Francophone quarter of Brest-même or Brest-proper , on the left bank. The lift bridge over the Penfeld was named after this neighbourhood, as was a schooner that was built in 1992 in the city. 48°23′18″N 4°30′01″W  /  48.38833°N 4.50028°W  / 48.38833; -4.50028 This Finistère geographical article

319-739: The Intrépide (the third Borda ), and in 1913, to the Duguay-Trouin (1879), which had been a school vessel for those applying to the Navy between 1900 and 1912. With the exceptions of the Orion and the Duguay-Trouin , each of these vessels was still christened as Borda . In honor of its maritime origins, today's official logo of the Naval School features the Borda with her sails, keeping alive

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348-491: The Élorn (or river of Landerneau ) and the Aulne (or river of Châteaulin ). For a number of centuries, Brest has been an important military port. The easily defensible roadstead of Brest therefore has a number of military installations, for example: One can also find many remains of old military fortifications and other ruins from past centuries, like the forts at Portzic , at pointe des Espagnols , etc. On 3 March 1685,

377-578: The "maritime superior formation and specialization" (see underneath). 48°16′45″N 4°24′54″W  /  48.2792°N 4.415°W  / 48.2792; -4.415 Roadstead of Brest The roadstead of Brest ( French : rade de Brest , French pronunciation: [ʁad də bʁɛst] ; Breton : Lenn-vor Brest ) is a roadstead or bay located in the Finistère department in Brittany in northwestern France . The surface area

406-600: The First World War was then raging. Work for the campus began November 14, 1929 and was presided by Georges Leygues, minister of the Navy, and the school was inaugurated on 30 May 1936 by Albert Lebrun, President of the Republic. Regardless of the grounding of the school, the final year of formation and training at sea (the School of Application) has been preserved in the form of traditional cruising (sometimes around

435-414: The author François-Timoléon de Choisy paused at Roche Mengant (a rock in the middle of the entry into the roadstead) whilst on his way from Brest to Siam , and had the following to say about the defences: "This is a rock at the entry to the roads; it is right in the middle of the channel; they want to build a fort there and construct a good battery on it. Already a lot of stones have been cast down, but

464-424: The jargon at " La Baille " was written by Commander Roger Coindeau, and illustrated by Luc-Marie Bayle. All this will not impede the future Navy officers to work hard in both education and practical skills. Since the opening of the academy during the first weeks of the academic year the senior classes - in the days when the academy was at sea - would accompany the 4th classmen in climbing the shrouds, and make them do

493-526: The name of Jean-Charles de Borda , a famous French scientist of the 18th century). The first vessel to house the École Navale was named Orion ; it was then replaced in 1840 by the Commerce-de-Paris , a wooden, three-decked ship. This ship had an inappropriate name for a naval academy, so it was renamed Borda . In 1863, the academy was transferred to the Valmy (the second Borda ), then, in 1890, to

522-419: The new cadets by the senior cadets of the academy, as the latter throw water buckets upon the former. The École navale is traditionally called " La Baille " (and not " Navale ", which instead refers to the old school of Health of Bordeaux). Its jargon is rich and comes principally from maritime slang. Like every "Grande Ecole", the jargon is wide-used among its student body. For example, the commander in second

551-421: The new cadets. This was followed by the first formal dinner of the new students. A traditional ceremony onboard the Borda was the presentation and delivery of the sword to the son by his "baille" father, for the first day of outing; the son knelt and kissed the sword's blade as if he were being knighted. In the spring, when the first outing in dinghy occurred, another consecration took place, this of baptism of

580-427: The opening mass for the new cadets. Flags were placed around the altar, and a single seat was reserved for the "Pope", the nickname of the captain commanding the academy. The parents took place on bench, and then the pupils entered, the senior ones first, tiding themselves on the sides, and then the new cadets in their new suit under the quip of the others who were screaming "Caillou! Caillou!" (Stone! Stone!) to recognize

609-452: The past exploitation of certain resources, and by the presence of a number of pollutants including heavy metals and tributyltin which were used as biocides in anti-fouling bottom paints . These products are now illegal, but they remain present in sediments and certain organisms. The products which have replaced them for small boats (e.g. Diuron and Irgarol ) pose similar problems and have been measured in non-negligible quantities in

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638-457: The recovery in order to enter in the hune. It is the first step. Then comes the climbing of the second hune, and little by little, everyone gets accustomed not to have dizziness, but to run on the footboard stretched beneath each yardarm, to unfurl the sail. All this is commanded by a whistle. Even if the job of topsman had become unuseful with the modern war boats, it was still taught to the student-officers, in order for them to be able to bring back

667-648: The roadstead by Ifremer in 2003-2004. The roadstead is also a victim of the after-effects of war, and in particular the waves of pollution from the First and the Second World Wars . Pollutants trapped in submerged or unexploded munitions are expected to aggravate existing pollution with the first large leaks predicted by experts to occur in the years 2000-2010. 48°20′02″N 4°28′47″W  /  48.33389°N 4.47972°W  / 48.33389; -4.47972 Recouvrance, Brest Recouvrance

696-439: The sea undoes more in a quarter of an hour what it takes ( sic ) six months to lay down. Work is being done on gun emplacements on either side of the passage; the canons will crossfire, but if there were a battery on the rock in the middle, it would be impossible for enemy vessels to enter the roadstead, where more than 10,000 ships would be safe". Thanks to its layout, the roadstead harbours a wide diversity of natural habitats and

725-454: The student officers in normal conditions. The school was transferred to provisory barracks at the Lanveoc aeronautical base instead, and new buildings were proposed in the late 1950s to accommodate a rising number of naval cadets. The definitive buildings of the new École Navale at its current campus were inaugurated in 1965 by General De Gaulle. The old École navale of Saint-Pierre-Quilbignon

754-592: The third year. Upon completion of their studies, they are awarded a Master's Degree in engineering. This degree is recognised by the Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur , the French accreditation body for engineers. After this training, they go on to study "maritime superior warfare and specialisation", and they are ranked Enseigne de vaisseau de première classe , or Ensign first class , equivalent to Lieutenant, j.g. or Sublieutenant . The officer formation stream

783-430: The traditions of its rich past. The new cadets are boarded from the pontoon Gueydon, one day before the senior classmen. Crammed like sheep in a gunboat, they were bouncy and happy while launching a goodbye to their families. As soon as arrived, they were sorted, numbered, undressed in order to give them the white blouse and linen trousers. Their hair was also shorn. Two days later, the parents were authorised onboard for

812-495: The world), onboard of successive Jeanne d'Arc ships: the cruisers Jeanne d'Arc (1899) , then Jeanne d'Arc (1930) and finally the helicopter carrier Jeanne d'Arc , until 2010. As of today the later "Mission Jeanne d'Arc" cruises by the cadets have been done in various vessels of the Navy. In 1945, the important destructions suffered by the École navale during the Second World War did not allow it to welcome

841-422: Was destroyed by Allied bombing raids during World War II , and was moved to nearby Lanvéoc-Poulmic , on the opposite side of the bay of Brest (Rade de Brest). The academy remained in this location after the war, and was officially inaugurated by Charles de Gaulle in 1965. The École navale , created in 1830, was originally located onboard vessels harboured in Brest, almost all of which were nicknamed Borda (from

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