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33-418: Travel classes originated from a distinction between "cabin class" and " steerage " on sailing vessels in the 18th century. Cabin class for wealthier passengers included small cabins and a shared dining room, while "steerage" provided open decks with bunks, often near the tackle that operated the rudder or in converted cargo space on the "between decks" area, where poorer passengers cooked their own meals. With

66-448: A day from New York La Guardia to San Juan Puerto Rico with a $ 75 fare instead of the normal $ 133. In 1949, a tourist seat on a Pan Am DC-4 from New York to Rio cost $ 382 instead of $ 460 on the standard DC-4 making the same stops. In late 1948, Capital Airlines started one DC-4 flight each way a day between Chicago and New York La Guardia. Each flight left at 1 AM and stopped for ten minutes at Pittsburgh (Allegheny County). Chicago-NY fare

99-497: A higher seating density, with 3+2 seating arrangement. In Spain 2nd-class cabins are called Tourist class on the AVE superfast trains. They offer electric sockets and there are video and audio services on most major routes. North American intercity passenger trains are separated into different coach classes by the type of car (e.g., sleepers). Economy seating on North American passenger trains typically does not include meal service in

132-465: A number of sleeper trains can trace their history back to as early as the 1870s. It was normal practice, nevertheless, for British passengers to join long-distance overnight trains at Calais , Boulogne , Ostend or Hook of Holland after crossing the English Channel or North Sea by ferry . There has been a substantial decline in the number of long-distance overnight train services since

165-658: A seat selection fee, and may be assignable for free for an airline's loyalty program members. Unlike premium economy, economy plus is still considered economy cabin, having the same fare basis code . Economy plus seats have more legroom than other economy seats. They may also come with some soft perks like complementary alcoholic beverages or priority boarding. Airlines offering economy plus include United Airlines, American Airlines (branded Main Cabin Extra), Delta Airlines (branded Comfort+), and JetBlue (branded Even More Space.) Basic economy, a.k.a. fifth class (if premium economy

198-763: Is a debate, though, whether Platzkart class is a full tier down from the traditional second class/"coupe", or is just a cheaper variant, as there used to exist an even cheaper "hard bed" class with three-tier bunks and no bedding, which is long since discontinued in Russia, but is still employed in China . Economy class seats usually recline and have a fold-down table. Seat pitch ranges from 28 to 36 inches (71 to 91  cm ), usually 30–32 in (76–81 cm), and 30 to 36 in (76 to 91 cm) for international economy class seats. Domestic economy seat width ranges from 17 to 18.25 in (43.2 to 46.4 cm). Full economy class

231-531: Is counted as third class and standard economy is counted as fourth class) or last class, is the class below regular economy. Basic economy was first provided by Delta Air Lines for America's domestic market in 2012, closely followed by American Airlines (AA) and United Airlines for some domestic routes. Both Delta Airlines and AA also plan to provide basic economy for international routes, which could see other airlines follow suit, leading to its global adoption. The class has been criticised as "a clever way to raise

264-458: Is divided into a number of compartments (typically 8 to 10) accessed from the side corridor of the car, which in daytime are configured with a bench seat along each long side of the compartment. At an appropriate time in the journey, the attendant who travels in the car (or by agreement the passengers booked in the compartment) converts the compartment into its night-time configuration with two (1st class) or three (2nd class) bunks on each long side of

297-477: Is known as coach class by companies such as Amtrak . Most European railways call it second class, except in the United Kingdom and Ireland , where it is referred to as standard class (abbreviated "STD" on tickets) instead. It has been re-branded in some cases to broaden expectations. In Canada Via Rail refers to coach as economy class. In India , the lowest class of service was branded third class under

330-433: Is normal not to undress except for removing footwear. One compartment at the end of the car is reserved for the use of the attendant (who may supervise two adjacent cars), who will sell (if not included in the fare) hot and cold drinks and continental breakfasts in the morning. In western Europe the attendant will take charge of passengers' tickets and passports at the start of the journey, returning them before arrival at

363-655: Is usually consisted of individual screens for each seat that may show video on demand . For passengers sitting immediately behind a bulkhead or on the same row as an emergency exit, the in-flight entertainment screen may be contained within one of the armrests of the seat. Some low-cost carriers can charge a fee for headphones. However, economy standards vary between carriers. Aeroflot , Qantas , and Cathay Pacific offer in-flight audio and visual entertainment and meals on both international and selected domestic routes to all passengers, including those in economy, while other airlines such as Transaero may charge an additional fee for

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396-414: Is usually denoted 'Y' with schedule flexibility, but can be many other letters. A pocket on the seat in front will typically contain an airsickness bag , an inflight magazine , a duty-free catalogue, and a safety and evacuation card. Depending on the airline, extras might include a blanket, an amenities bag (e.g. ear plugs, toothpaste, eye mask), and headphones. In-flight entertainment in economy class

429-628: The SS ; Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1906: 900 steerage passengers [are] crowded into the hold of ... the Kaiser Wilhelm II , of the North German Lloyd line[. They] are positively packed like cattle, making a walk on deck when the weather is good, absolutely impossible, while to breathe clean air below in rough weather, when the hatches are down is an equal impossibility. The stenches become unbearable... [and the] division between

462-472: The United States and Canada , also make economy passengers pay for airport check-in, checked bags, pillows, blankets, and headphones. Many airlines have created a slightly enhanced Economy class with, for example, a slightly larger pitch between seats such as Economy Plus from United Airlines . Arguably, such enhanced Economy classes only restore some of the comfort and amenities that were lost over

495-408: The 1920s, steerage class was abandoned and Third Class cabins were often upgraded, redecorated and offered to budget travellers as "Tourist Class". This became the main low budget class for ocean travel, gradually replacing Third Class especially during the boom in immigration after World War Two. As ocean liners adjusted to the loss of passengers to air travel and switched to recreational cruising in

528-412: The 1960s, most ships became "one class" to save on separate recreational and dining levels. However the evolution of the cruise ship led to a variety of premium services and exclusive dining areas. Many ferries operating on shorter routes have continued to offer cabin fares and large open accommodation for economy travellers similar to the cabin/steerage divisions of earlier eras. In North America, it

561-493: The British colonial rule. It was re-branded as second class following independence to avoid its former segregationist connotations. Today Indian Railways offers Economy AC-3 also in the same class. Generally economy class seats consists of a seat, sometimes with a fold-down tray, that may recline. The seat may also include a pocket attached to the back of the seat in front for storage of small items such as magazines. Depending on

594-547: The United Kingdom, it was often referred to as third class , but there were instances where steerage was effectively fourth-class. In time, the designation came to refer to the lowest category in general, and in modern times is sometimes used sarcastically to refer to any uncomfortable accommodation in an airliner, ship or train. Beds were often long rows of large shared bunks with straw mattresses and no bed linens. A commentator described conditions in steerage aboard

627-523: The arrival of steamships , competition between ocean liner companies led some companies like the Inman Line to offer additional options to economy passengers seeking to immigrate including small shared cabins and regular meals which were termed "Third Class". Many large liners evolved three and sometimes four segregated cabin, dining and recreation spaces for First, Second, Third and Steerage Class passengers. After immigrant travel dropped beginning in

660-446: The compartment, creating a total of four bunks in first class and six in second class. Typically, in 2nd class the seat serves as the lowest bunk, and the back of the seat is turned into a horizontal position and serves as the middle bunk. There are two types of couchette car in countries of the former USSR: "coupé" and "platzkart". "Coupé" cars are more expensive and comfortable with 4-bunk compartments fully separated from each other and

693-883: The configuration of the passenger compartment, luggage can be stowed in overhead racks or at each end of the coach cars . Historically the lowest travel class on rail often used wooden benches without upholstery as seating, hence the term " de:wikt:Holzklasse " ("wood class") in the German language for the lowest class of service, now colloquially used for air travel as well. Standard class seating on British intercity trains often includes seating around permanent tables. Power sockets are available and some services offer (chargeable) Wi-Fi Internet access. In continental Europe, second class mostly consists of open interior coaches with 2+2 seating arrangement, with or without air-conditioning, in rows or face to face, or (in some express trains) compartments of six to eight seats. Some commuter trains have

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726-447: The corridor. The cheaper "Platzkart" cars, use a somewhat different layout, with no wall between compartment and corridor, only four bunks along the long sides of the compartment, and two more mounted on the corridor wall, the lower bunk folding in the daytime to become two seats. The attendant provides a sheet, blanket, and pillow for each passenger. Unlike in sleeping cars , couchette compartments are not always segregated by sex, and it

759-612: The destination, thus ensuring that passengers are not disturbed by ticket and passport inspections. In some former eastern bloc countries this is not done, and it is normal for passengers to be awoken by border police and railway inspectors at each border crossing. Toilets and washrooms are located at the ends of the car. Couchette cars have not been as popular in Britain (except on the Royal Train , presumably as staff accommodation); as they have been in continental Europe, although

792-497: The fare. Economy class also exists on some sleeper services , most notably on most Russian Railways routes, which designates the class as " Platzkart ", with cars featuring an open 9-bay layout, where each bay has six bunk beds in two tiers – four transversally, and two longitudinally on the opposing side of the aisle, with the lower bunks functioning as seats in daytime. Several European railways also provide similar "coach class" sleeper cars, commonly dubbed Couchette cars . There

825-418: The highest class of service on short-haul flights. The definition for Premium Economy class is not standardized and varies widely from airline to airline. Typically this includes a larger recliner seat, better dining options, complementary alcoholic beverages, and amenity kits. Economy plus is an enhanced service offered by some airlines. These seats are offered to those with existing economy tickets if they pay

858-456: The in-flight entertainment. Availability of food also varies. Some major carriers no longer serve meals in economy for short flights. Meals are now only generally provided on international flights. Some airport vendors have started to offer packaged meals to economy travellers that can be carried on to flights. Low-cost carriers , such as EasyJet and Ryanair , charge for food and drinks on flights. In addition, many carriers, particularly within

891-654: The minimum of resources to procure transportation. The term later widened to imply the lowest category of accommodation on a passenger vessel. Steerage refers to the lowest possible category of long-distance steamer travel. It was available to very poor people, usually emigrants seeking a new life in the New World, chiefly North America and Australia. In many cases, these people had no financial resources and were attempting to escape destitution at home. Consequently, they needed transportation at an absolute minimum cost. In many cases they provided their own bedding and food. Steerage

924-592: The next few years, tourist fares spread around the world. Carbon emissions for business and first class passengers are about three and four times higher respectively, per passenger-kilometre travelled. Many airlines offer a Premium Economy class to passengers willing to pay slightly more for better seats and, in some cases, better service. Premium Economy class is positioned as a middle-ground between standard economy class and business class in terms of price, comfort, and amenities. On some airlines, like WestJet, Premium Economy has replaced Business Class or First Class as

957-421: The past few decades. Perhaps the first cheaper-than-standard airline flights were United's Boeing 247s between San Francisco and Los Angeles (Burbank) in 1940. Their non-stop DC-3s carried full-fare passengers ($ 18.95 one way) and Boeings flew a couple of two-stop flights each way for $ 13.90. That ended in 1942, and low fares did not reappear on scheduled airlines until 1948 when Pan Am started one DC-4 flight

990-432: The price of standard economy fares" and for its poorly designed pricing algorithms. Steerage Steerage is a term for the lowest category of passenger accommodation in a ship. In the nineteenth and early twentieth century, considerable numbers of persons travelled from their homeland to seek a new life elsewhere, in many cases North America and Australia. Many of those people were destitute in their homeland and had

1023-481: The sexes is not carefully looked after, and the young women who are quartered among the married passengers have neither the privacy to which they are entitled nor are they much more protected than if they were living promiscuously. The food, which is miserable, is dealt out of huge kettles into the dinner pails provided by the steamship company. Couchette car A couchette car is a railway carriage conveying non or semi-private sleeping accommodation. The car

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1056-421: Was $ 29.60 plus 15% federal tax; seats on all other flights cost $ 44.10 plus tax. Coach flights slowly spread (all domestic flights were one-class, coach or standard, until TWA started two-class 1049Gs in 1955); in 1961, domestic coach passenger-miles for the year exceeded first-class for the first time. IATA allowed transatlantic tourist fares in summer 1952: New York to London cost $ 270 one way instead of $ 395. In

1089-430: Was very cramped and there was hardly any room for fresh air to get there. The poor conditions and the very long voyages could contribute to en route deaths of passengers in steerage. The word likely comes from the fact that these accommodations were originally located near the ship's rudder. The term steerage was used to refer to the lowest category of accommodation, usually not including proper sleeping accommodation. In

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