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95-905: On its creation, the EEF became the biggest funder of schools research in England. The Education Endowment Foundation (EEF) was founded in 2011 by lead charity the Sutton Trust , in partnership with Impetus Trust (now part of Impetus - Private Equity Foundation ), with a £125 million founding grant from the Department for Education. The EEF was initiated in November 2010, when the Secretary of State for Education, Michael Gove, announced plans to establish an education endowment foundation intended to help raise standards in challenging schools, inspired by

190-632: A public benefit . Until the mid-18th century, charity was mainly distributed through religious structures (such as the English Poor Laws of 1601 ), almshouses , and bequests from the rich. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam incorporated significant charitable elements from their very beginnings, and dāna (alms-giving) has a long tradition in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Charities provided education, health, housing, and even prisons. Almshouses were established throughout Europe in

285-627: A Board of Taxation inquiry to consult with charities on the bill. However, due to widespread criticism from charities, the government abandoned the bill. Subsequently, the government introduced the Extension of Charitable Purpose Act 2004 . This act did not attempt to codify the definition of a charitable purpose but rather aimed to clarify that certain purposes were charitable, resolving legal doubts surrounding their charitable status. Among these purposes were childcare, self-help groups, and closed/contemplative religious orders. To publicly raise funds,

380-714: A CHY number from the Revenue Commissioners, a CRO number from the Companies Registration Office , and a charity number from the Charities Regulator. The Irish Nonprofits Database was created by Irish Nonprofits Knowledge Exchange (INKEx) to serve as a repository for regulatory and voluntarily disclosed information about Irish public benefit nonprofits. Charitable organizations in Nigeria are registerable under "Part C" of

475-929: A benchmark for monitoring social mobility by academics, educational organisations and the government. Graduates from the 13 universities are expected to "earn on average £4,300 per year (17%) more than graduates from post-1992 universities , and are 12 percentage points more likely to be in professional employment" 5 years after graduation. The universities are listed below in alphabetical order: University of Birmingham , University of Bristol , University of Cambridge , Durham University , University of Edinburgh , Imperial College London , London School of Economics , University of Nottingham , University of Oxford , University of St Andrews , University College London , University of Warwick , University of York . Notes: The average offer rate for June deadline undergraduate applicants (all ages) in 2022. The average UCAS Tariff achieved by new undergraduate students entering

570-628: A charity in Australia must register in each Australian jurisdiction in which it intends to raise funds. For example, in Queensland, charities must register with the Queensland Office of Fair Trading . Additionally, any charity fundraising online must obtain approval from every Australian jurisdiction that mandates such approval. Currently, these jurisdictions include New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, Western Australia, and

665-575: A complex set of reliefs and exemptions from taxation in the UK. These include reliefs and exemptions in relation to income tax , capital gains tax , inheritance tax , stamp duty land tax , and value added tax . These tax exemptions have led to criticisms that private schools are able to use charitable status as a tax avoidance technique rather than offering a genuine charitable good. The Transparency of Lobbying, Non-party Campaigning and Trade Union Administration Act 2014 subjects charities to regulation by

760-585: A guaranteed work placement with a leading law firm; a three-night residential conference; and the use of a library of law-related information and news. This programme extends the support provided by Pathways to Law . Undergraduates studying law receive academic and careers support both in person and online, in partnership with leading law firms. This programme is delivered in partnership with Imperial College London . Launched in 2014, Pathways to Medicine provides support for aspiring medics from non-privileged backgrounds, starting in year 11 and running throughout

855-511: A leading university. The programme is delivered by the trust's university partners: Bristol, Cambridge, Durham, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Imperial, King's College London, Nottingham, St Andrews, UCL, and the Royal Veterinary College. A report published by the trust in 2012, showed that summer school attendees were more likely to get into a highly competitive university than children with similar academic profiles who hadn't attended

950-501: A list of 13 UK universities which are research-intensive and ranked highest based on the average rankings of surveys by The Daily Telegraph , The Times , the Financial Times and The Sunday Times (i.e. a combination of UK domestic rankings ). The universities are regarded as the UK's "most prestigious", "elite" and "most selective" universities offering around 30,000 places annually. The 13 universities are used as

1045-618: A list of charitable purposes in the Charitable Uses Act 1601 (also known as the Statute of Elizabeth), which had been interpreted and expanded into a considerable body of case law. In Commissioners for Special Purposes of Income Tax v. Pemsel (1891), Lord McNaughten identified four categories of charity which could be extracted from the Charitable Uses Act and which were the accepted definition of charity prior to

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1140-488: A major form of corporate philanthropy. To meet the exempt organizational test requirements, a charity has to be exclusively organized and operated, and to receive and pass the exemption test, a charitable organization must follow the public interest and all exempt income should be for the public interest. For example, in many countries of the Commonwealth , charitable organizations must demonstrate that they provide

1235-524: A mentoring programme and work experience. The Sutton Trust produces research on education and social mobility that spans the early years, school, universities and access to the professions. A 2005 report commissioned by the Sutton Trust revealed that the UK, alongside the United States, has the lowest level of social mobility of any developed country for which there is data. Researchers from

1330-459: A package of guidance throughout their A-Levels including subject taster sessions, skills workshops, financial advice, e-mentoring and a residential summer school. A number of the Sutton Trust's research studies have pointed to the importance of students making well-informed choices at A-Level. The trust has funded the university's The Subject Matters sessions for Year 11 students and teachers in target schools, which are designed to support and inform

1425-573: A philanthropic endeavor that flourished in the second half of the nineteenth century, brought about by the growth of the middle class . Later associations included the Peabody Trust (originating in 1862) and the Guinness Trust (founded in 1890). The principle of philanthropic intention with capitalist return was given the label "five percent philanthropy". There was strong growth in municipal charities. The Brougham Commission led to

1520-455: A recommendation of the report. The trust's 2014 literature review What Makes Great Teaching , by Dr Rob Coe of Durham University, highlighted the dos and don'ts of effective pedagogy . The trust published a literature review Baby Bonds in 2014 by researchers from Columbia and Princeton universities highlighting the importance of secure attachment for babies. Another 2014 report, Sound Foundations , by Oxford University academics showed

1615-425: A register of charities that have completed formal registration (see below). Organizations applying must meet the specific legal requirements summarized below, have filing requirements with their regulator, and are subject to inspection or other forms of review. The oldest charity in the UK is The King's School, Canterbury , established in 597 AD. Charitable organizations, including charitable trusts, are eligible for

1710-417: A small cadre of elite 'feeder' [mostly fee-paying] schools. Three private schools and two elite colleges sent more students to Oxbridge over three years than 1,800 schools and colleges across the UK. This updated earlier research from 2011. A report for the trust in 2015 by Oxford University researchers, Subject to Background , showed that disadvantaged pupils were only half as likely as other students to get

1805-635: A summer school. Researchers at the University of Bristol revealed that more than three-quarters (76%) of children who attend a summer school are awarded places at a leading university, compared with just over half (55%) of children with a similar academic and social background who did not apply for a summer school place. The Sutton Trust US programme was launched in 2012 with the UK/US Fulbright Commission . The programme helps low-income students apply to universities and colleges in

1900-447: A summit in 2014. In 2012, the trust published Leading People, a report showing that 44% of those at the top of their professions attended fee-paying schools and Oxbridge. This was based on analysis of those featured in national newspaper birthday lists. The study found that over 35% of MPs , 51% of medics, 54% of leading journalists, 51% of senior bankers and 70% of high court judges attended private schools. A report published by

1995-588: Is a collaboration between the EEF and the Institute for Effective Education (IEE) to create a network of schools to support the use of evidence to improve teaching practice. Research Schools act as regional hubs for the Research Schools Network. Through the network, they attempt to share what they know about putting research into practice, and support schools to make better use of evidence to inform their teaching and learning. Launched in 2016,

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2090-648: Is a programme developed by the Sutton Trust and the College of Law (now the Legal Education Foundation ), to widen access to the legal profession. It was established in 2006 and is delivered by twelve universities, in collaboration with ten partnering organisations from the legal profession. The Pathways programme provides various interventions over two years: university-based sessions, including academic lectures and seminar discussions; careers and university advice; e-mentoring by current law students;

2185-613: Is a specific type of charity with its primary purpose being to alleviate suffering in the community, whether due to poverty, sickness, or disability. Examples of institutions that might qualify include hospices, providers of subsidized housing, and certain not-for-profit aged care services. Charities in Canada need to be registered with the Charities Directorate of the Canada Revenue Agency . According to

2280-654: Is investing over £4 million per year in research and programmes designed to improve social mobility . An independent study in 2007 by the Boston Consulting Group found that the trust's investments were cost-effective: on average, programmes generated a return to beneficiaries of £15 for every pound invested. In 2014 the Sutton Trust established a £1.25 million fund in partnership with the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation . The fund will support projects aimed at improving parental engagement in

2375-511: Is operated by the Ministry of Social and Family Development . The legislation governing charitable activities and the process of obtaining charitable organization status is regulated by Ukraine's Civil Code and the Law of Ukraine on Charitable Activities and Charitable Organizations. According to Ukrainian law, there are three forms of charitable organizations: The Ministry of Justice of Ukraine

2470-551: Is the main registration authority for charitable organization registration and constitution. Individuals and legal entities, except for public authorities and local governments , can be the founders of charitable organizations. Charitable societies and charitable foundations may have, in addition to founders, other participants who have joined them as prescribed by the charters of such charitable associations or charitable foundations. Aliens (non-Ukrainian citizens and legal entities, corporations, or non-governmental organizations) can be

2565-421: Is the most common form of organization within the voluntary sector in England and Wales. This is essentially a contractual arrangement between individuals who have agreed to come together to form an organization for a particular purpose. An unincorporated association will normally have a constitution or set of rules as its governing document, which will deal with matters such as the appointment of office bearers and

2660-536: Is very easy to set up and requires very little documentation. However, for an organization under the statute of loi 1901 to be considered a charity, it has to file with the authorities to come under the label of "association d'utilité publique", which means "NGO acting for the public interest". This label gives the NGO some tax exemptions. In Hungary , charitable organizations are referred to as "public-benefit organizations" ( Hungarian : közhasznú szervezet ). The term

2755-686: The Charities Act 2006 : Charities in England and Wales—such as Age UK, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ( RSPB ) and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( RSPCA )  – must comply with the 2011 Act regulating matters such as charity reports and accounts and fundraising. As of 2011 , there are several types of legal structures for a charity in England and Wales: The unincorporated association

2850-768: The Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020 . Under the law, the Corporate Affairs Commission, Nigeria , being the official Nigerian Corporate Registry, is empowered to maintain and regulate the formation, operation, and dissolution of charitable organizations in Nigeria. Charitable organizations in Nigeria are exempted under §25(c) of the Companies Income Tax Act (CITA) Cap. C21 LFN 2004 (as amended) , which exempts from income tax corporate organizations engaged wholly in ecclesiastical, charitable, or educational activities. Similarly, §3 of

2945-709: The Early Middle Ages to provide a place of residence for the poor, old, and distressed people; King Athelstan of England (reigned 924–939) founded the first recorded almshouse in York in the 10th century. During the Enlightenment era , charitable and philanthropic activity among voluntary associations and affluent benefactors became a widespread cultural practice. Societies, gentlemen's clubs , and mutual associations began to flourish in England , with

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3040-485: The Electoral Commission in the run-up to a general election. Section 1 of the Charities Act 2011 provides the definition in England and Wales: The Charities Act 2011 provides the following list of charitable purposes: A charity must also provide a public benefit. Before the Charities Act 2006 , which introduced the definition now contained in the 2011 Act, the definition of charity arose from

3135-531: The London School of Economics found that one reason for this trend was that the expansion of higher education in the UK disproportionately benefited those from better-off backgrounds. A follow-up report by the LSE group in 2008 concluded that social mobility had levelled off, with children born in 2000 facing the same mobility prospects as those children born 30 years earlier. In 2000, the Sutton Trust created

3230-572: The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , which reorganized multiple local charities by incorporating them into single entities under supervision from the local government . Charities at the time, including the Charity Organization Society (established in 1869), tended to discriminate between the "deserving poor", who would be provided with suitable relief, and the "underserving" or "improvident poor", who

3325-893: The Polish Historical Society , and the Polish chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation . The legal framework in Singapore is regulated by the Singapore Charities Act (Chapter 37). Charities in Singapore must be registered with the Charities Directorate of the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports . One can also find specific organizations that are members of the National Council of Social Service (NCSS), which

3420-480: The University of Leeds for a number of years and is funded by Lloyds TSB in partnership with the Sutton Trust. The programme aims to raise the aspirations of non-privileged young people who have the potential to attend research-led universities. The students are from schools and colleges with low higher-education participation rates in the area around the university. As part of the programme, each student receives

3515-595: The Value Added Tax Act (VATA) Cap. V1 LFN 2004 (as amended) , and the 1st Schedule to the VATA on exempted Goods and Services goods zero-rates goods and services purchased by any ecclesiastical, charitable, or educational institutions in furtherance of their charitable mandates. A public benefit organization ( Polish : organizacja pożytku publicznego , often abbreviated as OPP) is a term used in Polish law . It

3610-688: The slave trade throughout the British Empire and its extensive sphere of influence. (However, this process was quite lengthy, concluding when slavery in Saudi Arabia was abolished slavery in 1962.) The Enlightenment era also witnessed a growing philosophical debate between those advocating for state intervention and those believing that private charities should provide welfare. The political economist, Reverend Thomas Malthus (1766–1834), criticized poor relief for paupers on economic and moral grounds and proposed leaving charity entirely to

3705-518: The 2014 programme attended summer schools at Harvard, Yale, and MIT. In 2014, 61 students from the summer school were awarded places at 37 US institutions to pursue their undergraduate degrees. 60% of these students come from households with an income of less than £25,000 per annum. In its first two years the programme has enabled 82 students to gain scholarships to American universities, including Harvard, Princeton, Yale, MIT and Dartmouth, accessing $ 20m of financial aid. In its third year, 58 students from

3800-598: The A-levels needed to go to elite universities. Drawing on the Effective Pre-School, Primary and Secondary Education longitudinal study of 3,000 children, it cited good pre-schools and schools, regular homework and enrichment activities outside the school curriculum as factors influencing later student choices. In 2014 the Sutton Trust published a report by the Institute for Fiscal Studies investigating

3895-741: The Australian Capital Territory. Numerous Australian charities have appealed to federal, state, and territory governments to establish uniform legislation enabling charities registered in one state or territory to raise funds in all other Australian jurisdictions. The Australian Charities and Not-For-Profits Commission (ACNC) commenced operations in December 2012. It regulates approximately 56,000 non-profit organizations with tax-exempt status, along with around 600,000 other NPOs in total, seeking to standardize state-based fund-raising laws. A Public Benevolent Institution (PBI)

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3990-617: The Belvedere School in Liverpool was funded jointly by the Sutton Trust and the Girls' Day School Trust and all places were awarded on merit, with parents paying a sliding scale of fees according to their means. Under the scheme, the social mix of the school became more diverse with 30% of pupils on free places, 40% paying partial fees and 30% paying full fees. The first cohort achieved the school's best ever examination results – and

4085-477: The Canada Revenue Agency: A registered charity is an organization established and operated for charitable purposes. It must devote its resources to charitable activities. The charity must be a resident in Canada and cannot use its income to benefit its members. A charity also has to meet a public benefit test. To qualify under this test, an organization must show that: To register as a charity,

4180-716: The Charities Act (2009) legislated the establishment of a "Charities Regulatory Authority", and the Charities Regulator was subsequently created via a ministerial order in 2014. This was the first legal framework for charity registration in Ireland. The Charities Regulator maintains a database of organizations that have been granted charitable tax exemption—a list previously maintained by the Revenue Commissioners . Such organizations would have

4275-564: The EEF extended its remit to include early years, with the aim of developing an understanding of how to support the learning of 3-4 year olds, in particular those eligible for free school meals. The EEF launched the Early Years Toolkit in 2015, which aims to provide guidance for early years professionals on how to use their resources to improve the learning of disadvantaged children. The toolkit covers 12 topics and summarises research from 1,600 studies. The Research Schools Network

4370-494: The EEF published its first independent project evaluation. To date, 84 evaluations have been published, with the majority of these designed as randomised controlled trials . The EEF have commissioned more than 10 per cent of all known trials in education around the world. The EEF Families of Schools database, launched in 2015, is an interactive tool that puts schools into families of 50 based on factors including prior attainment, percentage of pupils eligible for free school meals and

4465-600: The EEF. The Sutton Trust-EEF Teaching and Learning Toolkit was developed from the Pupil Premium Toolkit commissioned by the Sutton Trust and produced by Durham University in May 2011. The Toolkit summarises the findings of more than 13,000 trials from around the world. In the autumn of 2012, the EEF announced trials of its first four grant-funded projects. Since 2012, the EEF has funded a total of 145 projects involving 9,400 schools, nurseries and colleges. In 2014,

4560-511: The London Borough of Tower Hamlets, was appointed the EEF's first chief executive. In 2012, the EEF was awarded a further £10 million by the Department for Education to identify and evaluate high-potential interventions aimed at improving literacy for 10 and 11 year-olds at the transition from primary to secondary school. In October 2019, it was announced that Professor Becky Francis would replace Sir Kevan Collins as chief executive of

4655-501: The Network initially consisted of 11 schools. In 2017, Education Secretary Justine Greening announced plans to set up 12 new research schools in the government's "opportunity areas" – identified as social mobility 'coldspots' – areas with both poor social mobility and schools that face challenges. The Network currently numbers 32 schools. In 2014, the EEF began working with school systems in Australia to develop an Australian version of

4750-670: The Obama administration's Race to the Top initiative in the US. The EEF was formally launched in July 2011, with Chairman Sir Peter Lampl declaring its aim would be to "develop initiatives to raise the attainment of the poorest pupils in the most challenging schools". The EEF took over from the Sutton Trust the development of the Teaching and Learning Toolkit, and Sir Kevan Collins, former Chief Executive of

4845-851: The Scottish Attainment Challenge. In July 2017, the EEF entered into a new partnership in Latin America and the Caribbean with SUMMA (the Laboratory of Education Research and Innovation for Latin America and the Caribbean). Sutton Trust The Sutton Trust is an educational charity in the United Kingdom which aims to improve social mobility and address educational disadvantage. The charity

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4940-442: The Sutton Trust, with support from Greater London Tutors, piloted a project that offered private tuition in mathematics to 100-150 academically able Year 11 pupils from non-privileged homes who would not otherwise be able to afford it. The programme supported pupils with the potential to achieve A or A* grades in their maths GCSE who were at risk of not doing so, and provided 10 hours of private tuition either one-to-one or in pairs in

5035-407: The Teaching and Learning Toolkit, taking the global evidence base that underpins the Toolkit and contextualising it with recent examples of local research to enhance its relevance for Australian teachers. The Australian work was joined in February 2017 by the work of Education Scotland, which has led to the development of a Scottish version of the Toolkit to strengthen the use of evidence underpinning

5130-549: The Trust has received the majority of its funding from its founder and executive chairman, British business executive Sir Peter Lampl . In recent years the trust has diversified its income and now also secures contributions from a range of major corporates, trusts and foundations, university partners, and individual donors. The Sutton Trust is actively fundraising, and has attracted a number of senior figures from banking, industry, trusts and foundations to join its Strategic Advisory and Development Board and its Fellowship. The trust

5225-412: The US and apply for financial aid packages. The programme, which is free for students, includes a week-long trip to an Ivy League institution, four residential courses in London, intense mentoring throughout the application process, plus payment of examination fees. The programme took 64 students in its first year in 2012, before expanding to 150 in its second year and 175 in its third year. Students on

5320-419: The advent of the Internet, charitable organizations established a presence on online social media platforms and began initiatives such as cyber-based humanitarian crowdfunding , exemplified by platforms like GoFundMe . The definition of charity in Australia is derived from English common law, originally from the Charitable Uses Act 1601 , and then through several centuries of case law based upon it. In 2002,

5415-420: The allotment of land to laborers for "cottage husbandry", which later became the allotment movement. In 1844, it became the first Model Dwellings Company  – one of a group of organizations that sought to improve the housing conditions of the working classes by building new homes for them, all the while receiving a competitive rate of return on any investment. This was one of the first housing associations ,

5510-405: The best in Liverpool – with 99% of students achieving at least five good GCSEs. The Sutton Trust ran its first summer school in 1997 at Oxford University, and they continue to be highly popular. It is the largest programme of its kind, with 10,000 applicants for 2,000 places in 2014. The week long summer schools are designed to give bright students from non-privileged homes an insight into life at

5605-524: The child's first day, it is hoped that not only will the children feel more supported, but the confidence and ability of parents to help and value their child's learning and development will be improved. Designed to provide support to hard-to-reach families, through drop-in style provision based in a shopping centre in one of the most deprived parts of Oxford. The service provides activities for children, and teaches parents how to facilitate their child's learning through everyday play and interactions. In 2011

5700-462: The country. The regulation , the tax treatment, and the way in which charity law affects charitable organizations also vary. Charitable organizations may not use any of their funds to profit individual persons or entities. However, some charitable organizations have come under scrutiny for spending a disproportionate amount of their income to pay the salaries of their leadership. Financial figures (e.g. tax refund, revenue from fundraising, revenue from

5795-422: The decision making process. Charitable organization A charitable organization or charity is an organization whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being (e.g. educational , religious or other activities serving the public interest or common good ). The legal definition of a charitable organization (and of charity) varies between countries and in some instances regions of

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5890-411: The early years. The trust's Sutton Scholars programme aims to support highly able low- and middle-income students in early secondary school. The programme provides a multi-year course of enrichment activities for each student, with content delivered by four Universities: Cambridge, Nottingham, UCL and Warwick. The programme aims to foster talent at an early age, increasing the pool of students attending

5985-421: The emerging popular press and generally enjoyed high social regard. Some charities received state recognition in the form of a royal charter . Charities also began to take on campaigning roles, championing causes and lobbying the government for legislative changes. This included organized campaigns against the mistreatment of animals and children, as well as the successful campaign in the early 19th century to end

6080-584: The end of the 19th century, with the advent of the New Liberalism and the innovative work of Charles Booth in documenting working-class life in London , attitudes towards poverty began to change. This led to the first social liberal welfare reforms , including the provision of old age pensions and free school-meals. During the 20th century, charitable organizations such as Oxfam (established in 1947), Care International , and Amnesty International expanded greatly, becoming large, multinational non-governmental organizations with very large budgets. With

6175-659: The expanding middle classes in Britain and America. Octavia Hill (1838–1912) and John Ruskin (1819–1900) were important forces behind the development of social housing , and Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919) exemplified the large-scale philanthropy of the newly rich in industrialized America. In Gospel of Wealth (1889), Carnegie wrote about the responsibilities of great wealth and the importance of social justice. He established public libraries throughout English-speaking countries and contributed large sums to schools and universities. A little over ten years after his retirement, Carnegie had given away over 90% of his fortune. Towards

6270-409: The federal government initiated an inquiry into the definition of a charity. The inquiry proposed a statutory definition of a charity, based on the principles developed through case law. This led to the Charities Bill 2003 , which included limitations on the involvement of charities in political campaigning, an unwelcome departure from the case law as perceived by many charities. The government appointed

6365-433: The first seafarers' charity, aiming to aid the recruitment of men into the navy . By 1763, the Society had enlisted over 10,000 men, and an Act of Parliament incorporated it in 1772. Hanway also played a key role in founding the Magdalen Hospital to rehabilitate prostitutes . These organizations were funded by subscriptions and operated as voluntary associations. They raised public awareness about their activities through

6460-445: The founders and members of philanthropic organizations in Ukraine. All funds received by a charitable organization and used for charitable purposes are exempt from taxation, but obtaining non-profit status from the tax authority is necessary. Legalization is required for international charitable funds to operate in Ukraine. Charity law in the UK varies among (i) England and Wales , (ii) Scotland and (iii) Northern Ireland , but

6555-493: The fundamental principles are the same. Most organizations that are charities are required to be registered with the appropriate regulator for their jurisdiction, but significant exceptions apply so that many organizations are bona fide charities but do not appear on a public register. The registers are maintained by the Charity Commission for England and Wales and by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator for Scotland. The Charity Commission for Northern Ireland maintains

6650-407: The impact of tuition fee reforms. It found that students will leave university with higher debts than before, averaging more than £44,000. A report published by the trust in 2013 compared apprenticeships across several countries, showing that young people in England had access to poorer quality opportunities than their counterparts in countries like Germany and Switzerland. The report was followed by

6745-540: The importance of qualified early years staff working with disadvantaged young children. In 2011 the Sutton Trust was awarded a £135 million arm's length grant by the Government to establish a new initiative to boost the attainment of disadvantaged children. This fund was used to launch the Education Endowment Foundation (EEF), which initiates grants and seeks proposals from schools, teachers, local authorities and charities to improve attainment in schools. The pilot project aims to help prepare parents, carers and children for

6840-403: The number of children with English as an additional language. The attainment of pupils on a range of measures can then be compared with similar schools. It allows schools to understand the size and nature of their attainment gap in relation to other similar institutions and provides new information, with the aim of helping schools to learn from the best performing school in each family. In 2014,

6935-531: The number of offers made to non-privileged students by elite universities through an e-mentoring programme. Each student is assigned an e-mentor who assists them through a subject specific pathway. This programme offers sustained support to students in years 10–13 to help them make strong applications to Oxford University . The programme provides information, advice and guidance to academically able students and staff members, in non-selective state schools with little history of progression to Oxford. In its first year

7030-523: The organization has to be either incorporated or governed by a legal document called a trust or a constitution. This document has to explain the organization's purposes and structure. Most French charities are registered under the statute of loi d'association de 1901, a type of legal entity for non-profit NGOs. This statute is extremely common in France for any type of group that wants to be institutionalized (sports clubs, book clubs, support groups...), as it

7125-669: The postgraduate earnings premium to be £200,000 greater than for first degree holders. The research was cited in the Chancellor of the Exchequer's 2014 Autumn Statement as a rationale for the introduction of postgraduate loans. The trust published the first index of the performance of academy chains in 2014. The analysis, Chain Effects , showed significant differences in the performance of different academy chains. The Department for Education decided to publish such data in 2015,

7220-581: The private sector. His views became highly influential and informed the Victorian laissez-faire attitude toward state intervention for the poor. During the 19th century, a profusion of charitable organizations emerged to alleviate the awful conditions of the working class in the slums . The Labourer's Friend Society , chaired by Lord Shaftesbury in the United Kingdom in 1830, aimed to improve working-class conditions. It promoted, for example,

7315-516: The programme were awarded places at 39 different institutions, accessing over $ 14m in financial aid. The Sutton Trust runs the country's largest programme of subject specific teacher summer schools aimed at boosting access to the country's leading universities. The teacher summer schools are free to attend and are aimed at teachers in schools and colleges which have relatively few students accessing highly selective universities and which serve areas of socio-economic need. This project aims to increase

7410-526: The programme worked with nearly 3,000 students and 400 teachers from across the UK. The university access scheme is run by the Kent Academies Network, in partnership with the Sutton Trust and Fitzwilliam College , University of Cambridge. Participating schools identify students in Year 9 based on their academic potential to begin a four-year programme of support. In each of the four years of

7505-561: The programme, the group of students spend one week at Easter and one week in the summer on a residential course in Kent. The Sutton Trust is developing a comprehensive programmes model to enable young people from non-privileged backgrounds to enter the professions – including Law, Medicine, Banking, Insurance, accounting and consulting. The programme will support pupils from Key Stage 4 through to their undergraduate years. The trust's current Pathways programmes are listed below: Pathways to Law

7600-557: The public good as described by the law, and it should demonstrate sufficient transparency in its activities, governance, and finances. Moreover, data has shown that this evidence is pertinent and sensible. Polish charitable organizations with this status include Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego , the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity , KARTA Center , the Institute of Public Affairs , the Silesian Fantasy Club ,

7695-938: The relative number of students from poor backgrounds enrolled here against the rest of the institutions. These are, in alphabetical order: University of Bath , University of Birmingham , University of Bristol , University of Cambridge , Cardiff University , Durham University , University of Edinburgh , University of Exeter , University of Glasgow , Imperial College , King's College London , University of Lancaster , University of Leeds , University of Leicester , University of Liverpool , London School of Economics , University of Manchester , Newcastle University , University of Nottingham , University of Oxford , University of Reading , Royal Holloway, University of London , University of Sheffield , University of Southampton , University of St Andrews , University of Strathclyde , University of Surrey , University College London , University of Warwick and University of York . In 2011

7790-707: The run-up to the GCSE exam. Future First works to introduce alumni networks to state schools by bringing back former students to inspire, advise and guide current pupils. The programme aims to help students define their career goals and educational aspirations, as well as offering practical help, including putting together effective CVs . The scheme allows face-to-face alumni contact and the development of individual interactive alumni websites for each schools. The programme also offers work placements through its network, including work-shadowing opportunities with leading barristers. The Reach for Excellence programme has been running at

7885-410: The sale of goods and services or revenue from investment) are indicators to assess the financial sustainability of a charity, especially to charity evaluators . This information can impact a charity's reputation with donors and societies, and thus the charity's financial gains. Charitable organizations often depend partly on donations from businesses. Such donations to charitable organizations represent

7980-652: The streets of London , Captain Thomas Coram set up the Foundling Hospital in 1741 to care for these unwanted orphans in Lamb's Conduit Fields, Bloomsbury . This institution, the world's first of its kind, served as the precedent for incorporated associational charities in general. Another notable philanthropist of the Enlightenment era, Jonas Hanway , established The Marine Society in 1756 as

8075-403: The transition from home to pre-school, particularly targeting those who lack confidence and understanding of how they can help with their children's learning, feel alienated from the education system and experience social isolation and/or speak English as an additional language. Through various sessions, including a home visit, group sessions to the pre-school setting, and a settling-in session on

8170-522: The trust developed a teaching and learning toolkit in collaboration with Durham University , which guides teachers and schools in how best to use Pupil Premium funding to improve the attainment of disadvantaged pupils. The toolkit is now managed in conjunction with the Education Endowment Foundation . In 2014, the trust published a report highlighting the high proportion of Oxford and Cambridge undergraduates who come from

8265-467: The trust in 2013 investigated the socio-economic backgrounds of grammar school entrants. The report revealed that 2.7% of entrants to grammar schools are entitled to free school meals, whereas 12.7% of entrants come from outside the state sector, largely from independent schools. A report published by the trust in 2013 showed that 11% of those aged 25–60 in the labour force now hold a postgraduate degree, compared with 4% in 1996. The LSE report estimated

8360-425: The trust's university summer schools. Open Access is a voluntary scheme proposed by the trust that would open private day schools to students from all backgrounds, with places awarded on merit alone. The schools would remain independent, entrance would be competitive and fees would be paid on a sliding scale. Over 80 independent day schools have backed the scheme, including St Paul's School. A seven-year pilot at

8455-435: The two sixth form years. The programme provides students with a work placement, a mentor in the profession, soft skills sessions and academic activities. Established in 2012, Pathways to property is open to Year 12 students from UK state schools who are interested in finding out about careers in the property sector. The programme offers a range of activities including a Summer School at the University of Reading in July,

8550-482: The university in 2021–22. This is based on qualifications achieved, for example A-levels : A* = 56, A = 48, B = 40 UCAS points; Scottish Highers : A = 33, B = 27 UCAS point etc. In 2011, the trust updated its methodology to include the 30 "most highly selective" British universities, which were "also the 30 most selective according to the Times University Guide" for the purpose of illustrating

8645-412: The upper classes increasingly adopting a philanthropic attitude toward the disadvantaged. In England, this new social activism led to the establishment of charitable organizations, which proliferated from the middle of the 18th century. This emerging upper-class trend for benevolence resulted in the incorporation of the first charitable organizations. Appalled by the number of abandoned children living on

8740-480: Was introduced on 1 January 1997 through the Act on Public Benefit Organizations. Under Indian law, legal entities such as charitable organizations, corporations, and managing bodies have been given the status of " legal persons " with legal rights, such as the right to sue and be sued, and the right to own and transfer property. Indian charitable organizations with this status include Sir Ratan Tata Trust . In Ireland,

8835-453: Was introduced on 1 January 2004 by the statute on public good activity and volunteering . Charitable organizations of public good are allowed to receive 1.5% of income tax from individuals, making them "tax-deductible organizations". To receive such status, an organization has to be a non-governmental organization , with political parties and trade unions not qualifying. The organization must also be involved in specific activities related to

8930-422: Was regarded as the cause of their woes due to their idleness. Charities tended to oppose the provision of welfare by the state, due to the perceived demoralizing effect . Although minimal state involvement was the dominant philosophy of the period, there was still significant government involvement in the form of statutory regulation and even limited funding. Philanthropy became a very fashionable activity among

9025-446: Was set up by educational philanthropist , Sir Peter Lampl in 1997. Since then, it has undertaken over 150 research studies and funded a wide range of practical programmes for young people in early years, primary and secondary school, with the aim of increasing access to higher education and the professions. The charity's Chief Executive is James Turner, formerly of the Education Endowment Foundation . Since its founding in 1997,

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