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84-540: The Eden Killer Whale Museum is a museum in Eden , New South Wales , Australia . It was originally built to house the skeleton of the orca " Old Tom " and tell the story of Old Tom and the other Killer whales of Eden . The local historical society is based at the museum, where it displays and houses between five and ten thousand items, focusing on the Australian whaling industry , general maritime and fishing artifacts,
168-637: A lek mating system. Another possibility is that songs bring in foreign whales to populate the breeding grounds. It has also been suggested that humpback whale songs have echolocating properties and may serve to locate other whales. A 2023 study found that as humpback whales numbers have recovered from whaling, singing has become less common. Whale songs are similar among males in a specific area. Males may alter their songs over time, and others in contact with them copy these changes. They have been shown in some cases to spread "horizontally" between neighboring populations throughout successive breeding seasons. In
252-433: A "spillover" of mobbing behavior intended to protect members of its species. The powerful flippers of humpback whales, often infested with large, sharp barnacles , are formidable weapons against orcas. When threatened, they will thresh their flippers and tails keeping the orcas at bay. The great white shark is another confirmed predator of the humpback whale. In 2020, Marine biologists Dines and Gennari et al. , published
336-468: A complex song typically lasting 4 to 33 minutes. Found in oceans and seas around the world, humpback whales typically migrate up to 16,000 km (9,900 mi) each year. They feed in polar waters and migrate to tropical or subtropical waters to breed and give birth. Their diet consists mostly of krill and small fish , and they use bubbles to catch prey. They are promiscuous breeders, with both sexes having multiple partners. Orcas are
420-435: A documented incident of a group of great white sharks exhibiting pack-like behavior to attack and kill a live adult humpback whale. A second incident regarding great white sharks killing humpback whales was documented off the coast of South Africa. The shark recorded instigating the attack was a female nicknamed "Helen". Working alone, the shark attacked a 33 ft (10 m) emaciated and entangled humpback whale by attacking
504-402: A laryngeal sac. Humpback whale groups, aside from mothers and calves, typically last for days or weeks at the most. They are normally sighted in small groups though large aggregations form during feeding and among males competing for females. Humpbacks may interact with other cetacean species, such as right whales , fin whales , and bottlenose dolphins . Humpbacks are highly active at
588-544: A partnership with the Solomon family of Eden-Monaro. Initially the prevalent orcas were seen by the partnership as a nuisance. But the Yuin aboriginals employed on the boat crews refused to kill orcas, and a new policy encouraged collaboration between whalers and the killer whales; the killer whales would trap humpback whales that entered Twofold Bay, the whales would then be harpooned, and the orcas rewarded with prize pieces of
672-569: A phrase. Similar-sounding phrases are repeated in a series grouped into themes, and multiple themes create a song. The function of these songs has been debated, but they may have multiple purposes. There is little evidence to suggest that songs establish dominance among males. However, there have been observations of non-singing males disrupting singers, possibly in aggression. Those who join singers are males who were not previously singing. Females do not appear to approach singers that are alone, but may be drawn to gatherings of singing males, much like
756-601: A settlement on Twofold Bay. Early in 1835 the Governor of New South Wales , Governor Richard Bourke , visited Twofold Bay and the site of the proposed new settlement on board HMS Hyacinth . Eventually the area for the proposed town, to be called Eden, was surveyed in 1842 by Mr Thomas Townsend, the Government Surveyor. The main street, Imlay Street, was named after the Imlay brothers who were early pioneers to
840-456: A subsequent voyage with Matthew Flinders , he and Flinders surveyed the bay for the first time. They also made first contact with the local Thawa Aboriginal people on this occasion. The Australian botanist, Allan Cunningham , landed at Snug Cove in December 1817 so that he could collect botanical specimens from the district. The first whaling station, for shore whaling, was established in
924-415: A touring exhibition that traveled to Edinburgh and London . The whale was dissected by Professor John Struthers , who wrote seven papers on its anatomy and an 1889 monograph on the humpback. An albino humpback whale that travels up and down the east coast of Australia became famous in local media because of its rare, all-white appearance. Migaloo is the only known Australian all-white specimen, and
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#17327942819691008-426: A weight of 680 kg (1,500 lb). The body is bulky with a thin rostrum and proportionally long flippers, each around one-third of its body length. It has a short dorsal fin that varies from nearly non-existent to somewhat long and curved. As a rorqual, the humpback has grooves between the tip of the lower jaw and the navel. They are relatively few in number in this species, ranging from 14 to 35. The mouth
1092-872: A wide feeding range but most travel to southeast Alaska and northern British Columbia. The wintering grounds of the Okinawa/Philippines population are mainly around the Russian Far East . There is some evidence for a fifth population somewhere in the northwestern Pacific. These whales are recorded to feed off the Aleutians with a breeding area somewhere south of the Bonin Islands . In the Southern Hemisphere, humpback whales are divided into seven breeding stocks, some of which are further divided into sub-structures. These include
1176-583: Is a coastal town in the South Coast region of New South Wales , Australia . The town is 478 kilometres (297 mi) south of the state capital Sydney and is the most southerly town in New South Wales, located between Nullica Bay to the south and Calle Calle Bay, the northern reach of Twofold Bay , and built on undulating land adjacent to the third-deepest natural harbour in the southern hemisphere, and Snug Cove on its western boundary. At
1260-595: Is a true albino. First sighted in 1991, the whale was named for an indigenous Australian word for "white fella". To prevent sightseers from approaching dangerously close, the Queensland government decreed a 500-m (1600-ft) exclusion zone around him. Migaloo was last seen in June 2020 along the coast of Port Macquarie NSW in Australia. Migaloo has several physical characteristics that can be identified; his dorsal fin
1344-470: Is another built in 1850 as a commercial premises. Various businesses occupied the site. The building is now used as a private dwelling. The first government school started in 1857. The school attached to St Joseph's Roman Catholic church commenced in 1888. There were also several private tutors in Eden. The shipping of cattle from Eden ceased in the late 1890s. Prior to that the business had expanded to include
1428-436: Is based in the harbour (Snug Cove). A tuna cannery opened in the town in 1949. It was closed in 1999, at the cost of many jobs. Sawmilling of timber has also been an important local industry for most of the life of the town. For over one hundred years the collection and export of wattle-bark was also a major local industry. Whaling played a very important role in the town's economy for over 100 years before its decline in
1512-766: Is considered to be endangered . In most areas, humpback whale populations have recovered from historic whaling, particularly in the North Pacific. Such recoveries have led to the downlisting of the species' threatened status in the United States, Canada, and Australia. In Costa Rica, Ballena Marine National Park was established for humpback protection. Humpbacks still face various other man-made threats, including entanglement by fishing gear, vessel collisions, human-caused noise and traffic disturbance, coastal habitat destruction, and climate change. Like other cetaceans, humpbacks can be injured by excessive noise. In
1596-560: Is further divided into C1, C2, C3, and C4 subpopulations; C1 occurs around Mozambique and eastern South Africa, C2 around the Comoro Islands , C3 off the southern and eastern coast of Madagascar and C4 around the Mascarene Islands . The feeding range of this population is likely between coordinates 5°W and 60°E and under 50°S . There may be overlap in the feeding areas of stocks B and C. Stock D whales breed off
1680-449: Is lined with baleen plates, which number 270–400 for both sides. The dorsal or upper-side of the animal is generally black; the ventral or underside has various levels of black and white coloration. Whales in the southern hemisphere tend to have more white pigmentation. The flippers can vary from all-white to white only on the undersurface. The varying color patterns and scars on the tail flukes distinguish individual animals. The end of
1764-575: Is reference to a humpback-blue whale hybrid in the South Pacific , attributed to marine biologist Michael Poole. B. acutorostrata/bonaerensis ( minke whale species complex) [REDACTED] B. musculus ( blue whale ) [REDACTED] B. borealis ( sei whale ) [REDACTED] Eschrichtius robustus ( gray whale ) [REDACTED] B. physalus ( fin whale ) [REDACTED] Megaptera novaeangliae ( humpback whale ) [REDACTED] Modern humpback whale populations originated in
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#17327942819691848-452: Is somewhat hooked, and his tail flukes have a unique shape, with edges that are spiked along the lower trailing side. In July 2022, concerns arose that Migaloo had died after a white whale washed up on the shores of Mallacoota beach, however after genetic testing, and noting that the carcass was of a female whale while Migaloo is male, it was confirmed by experts to not be Migaloo. In 1985, Humphrey swam into San Francisco Bay and then up
1932-405: Is that when humpbacks suffered near-extinction during the whaling era, orcas turned to other prey but are now resuming their former practice. There is also evidence that humpback whales will defend against or mob killer whales who are attacking either humpback calves or juveniles as well as members of other species, including seals . The humpback's protection of other species may be unintentional,
2016-495: Is within the federal electorate of Eden-Monaro , which has for a long time been a key marginal seat, resulting in significant focus by the media and political parties during election campaigns. It is represented in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly by the electorate of Bega . Horse-racing commenced in Eden in the mid-1850s and continued until the mid-1920s. The racecourse was located on
2100-512: The 2016 census , Eden had a population of 3,151. The eastern coastline has rugged cliffs at the southern end and a wide, sandy surf beach, Aslings Beach, north of the cliffs. The beach ends at the entrance to Lake Curalo, a safe boating inlet of Twofold Bay. Although the urban settlement of Eden commenced in 1843 the settlement was not officially proclaimed as a township until 20 March 1885. The town's main industries include fishing, forestry, and tourism. The local Aboriginal people who lived in
2184-826: The Arabian Sea around Oman . This population has also been recorded in the Gulf of Aden , the Persian Gulf , and off the coasts of Pakistan and India. In the North Atlantic, there are two separate wintering populations, one in the West Indies , from Cuba to northern Venezuela, and the other in the Cape Verde Islands and northwest Africa. During summer, West Indies humpbacks congregate off New England , eastern Canada, and western Greenland , while
2268-431: The Arabian Sea has been isolated for 70,000 years. The adult humpback whale is generally 14–15 m (46–49 ft), though longer lengths of 16–17 m (52–56 ft) have been recorded. Females are usually 1–1.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 11 in) longer than males. The species can reach body masses of 40 metric tons (44 short tons). Calves are born at around 4.3 m (14 ft) long with
2352-557: The IUCN Red List lists the humpback whale as least-concern , with a worldwide population of around 135,000 whales, of which around 84,000 are mature individuals, and an increasing population trend. Regional estimates are around 13,000 in the North Atlantic, 21,000 in the North Pacific, and 80,000 in the southern hemisphere. For the isolated population in the Arabian Sea, only around 80 individuals remain, and this population
2436-545: The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was founded to oversee the industry. They imposed hunting regulations and created hunting seasons. To prevent extinction , IWC banned commercial humpback whaling in 1966. By then, the global population had been reduced to around 5,000. The Soviet Union deliberately under-recorded its catches; the Soviets reported catching 2,820 between 1947 and 1972, but
2520-609: The New South Wales Maritime Authority , the other is at Yamba on the North Coast. The Port of Eden is the largest fishing port in New South Wales. The major export handled by the port is woodchips. The port is shared with the Department of Defence who have constructed a large wharf for the servicing of their warships. The port also handles cruise ships. From the 1850s to 1950s the port
2604-565: The Ross Sea to the Antarctic Peninsula. Humpback whales were hunted as early as the late 16th century. They were often the first species to be harvested in an area due to this coastal distribution. North Pacific kills alone are estimated at 28,000 during the 20th century. In the same period, over 200,000 humpbacks were taken in the Southern Hemisphere. North Atlantic populations dropped to as low as 700 individuals. In 1946,
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2688-737: The Sacramento River towards Rio Vista . Five years later, Humphrey returned and became stuck on a mudflat in San Francisco Bay immediately north of Sierra Point below the view of onlookers from the upper floors of the Dakin Building . He was twice rescued by the Marine Mammal Center and other concerned groups in California. He was pulled off the mudflat with a large cargo net and the help of
2772-605: The South Orkney Islands and to a lesser extent the Tierra del Fuego of southern Chile. Stock A winters off Brazil and migrates to summer grounds around South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . Some stock A individuals have also been recorded off the western Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting an increased blurring of the boundaries between the feeding areas of stocks A and G. Stock B breeds on
2856-483: The 1920s and ended in 1930. According to the 2021 census of Population, there were 3,350 people in Eden. 2SEA FM (Eden Community Radio) broadcasts along the Sapphire Coast of New South Wales, Australia, servicing the towns of Eden, Pambula and Merimbula as well as the surrounding districts. 2SEA FM is a not-for-profit community radio station that relies on volunteers to provide programming, and sponsors for
2940-441: The 19th century, two humpback whales were found dead near repeated oceanic sub-bottom blasting sites, with traumatic injuries and fractures in the ears. Saxitoxin , a paralytic shellfish poisoning from contaminated mackerel, has been implicated in humpback whale deaths. While oil ingestion is a risk for whales, a 2019 study found that oil did not foul baleen and instead was easily rinsed by flowing water. Whale researchers along
3024-629: The Atlantic Coast report that there have been more stranded whales with signs of vessel strikes and fishing gear entanglement in recent years than ever before. The NOAA recorded 88 stranded humpback whales between January 2016 and February 2019. This is more than double the number of whales stranded between 2013 and 2016. Because of the increase in stranded whales, NOAA declared an unusual mortality event in April 2017. Virginia Beach Aquarium 's stranding response coordinator, Alexander Costidis, stated
3108-598: The Cape Verde population gathers around Iceland and Norway. There is some overlap in the summer ranges of these populations, and West Indies humpbacks have been documented feeding further east. Whale visits into the Gulf of Mexico have been infrequent but have occurred in the gulf historically. They were considered to be uncommon in the Mediterranean Sea , but increased sightings, including re-sightings, indicate that more whales may colonize or recolonize it in
3192-505: The IWC chair asking the Japanese for their co-operation in sorting out the differences between pro- and anti-whaling nations on the commission, the Japanese whaling fleet agreed to take no humpback whales during the two years it would take to reach a formal agreement. In 2010, the IWC authorized Greenland's native population to hunt a few humpback whales for the following three years. Much of
3276-508: The area by John Raine in 1828. Local Aboriginal people were employed in the whaling industry. In 1834 the Imlay brothers, Alexander , George and Peter , set up a whaling station at Snug Cove. Nearby they built a small slab and bark hut , the first-known building erected at Eden. Sketches of the hut were made by Sir Oswald Brierly in 1842 and by Captain Owen Stanley from HMS Rattlesnake in 1843. In around 1860 Davidson commenced
3360-499: The area in the 1920s and its end in 1930. The Eden Killer Whale Museum informs visitors of the history of whaling in the area and the role of orcas (killer whales) led by Old Tom in herding whales into the harbour and helping whalers kill them. The whalers rewarded the orcas by allowing them to eat the lips and tongues of the dead whales. The Port of Eden is one of two regional ports in New South Wales administered by
3444-466: The center, often containing at least one fragile hair that erupts 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) from the skin and is 0.1 mm (0.0039 in) thick. The tubercles develop early in the womb and may have a sensory function as they are rich in nerves. Sensory nerve cells in the skin are adapted to withstand the high water pressure of diving. In one study, a humpback whale brain measured 22.4 cm (8.8 in) long and 18 cm (7.1 in) wide at
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3528-528: The conclusion that the two causes of these unusual mortality events were vessel interactions and entanglements. In December 1883, a male humpback swam up the Firth of Tay in Scotland, past what was then the whaling port of Dundee . Harpooned during a failed hunt, it was found dead off Stonehaven a week later. Its carcass was exhibited to the public by a local entrepreneur, John Woods, both locally and then as
3612-409: The district. Other streets were named after Lieutenant Flinders , George Bass , Queen Victoria and her consort, Prince Albert . A wharf was built out into a cove, now named Cattle Bay, from a site on the western edge of Eden, where cattle could be grazed prior to their being loaded onto the ships. Cattle were also grazed on Lookout Point until 1853, then this land was subdivided for housing. Eden
3696-399: The equator; their summer feeding areas are found in colder waters, including near the polar ice caps. Humpbacks go on vast migrations between their feeding and breeding areas, often crossing the open ocean. The species has been recorded traveling up to 8,000 km (5,000 mi) in one direction. An isolated, non-migratory population feeds and breeds in the northern Indian Ocean, mainly in
3780-414: The family Balaenopteridae ) and is the only species in the genus Megaptera . Adults range in length from 14–17 m (46–56 ft) and weigh up to 40 metric tons (44 short tons). The humpback has a distinctive body shape, with long pectoral fins and tubercles on its head. It is known for breaching and other distinctive surface behaviors , making it popular with whale watchers . Males produce
3864-652: The finance to be able to go to air. From its inception Eden was located in the County of Auckland, named earlier after the Earl of Auckland from whom Eden also took its name. However, the County of Auckland was not considered to be within the bounds of the Colony of New South Wales until many years after the settlement of Eden commenced. The town of Eden lies within the Bega Valley Shire local government area. It
3948-555: The first post office did not open until 1847. The Customs House was built in Eden in 1848. Earlier the first customs officer was appointed in 1846 but he was located at East Boyd initially, until the customs house was constructed. Eden grew in the 1850s following the decline of nearby Boydtown , and the discovery of gold in Kiandra, which led to the 1859–1860 gold rush. For a few hectic months hundreds of gold seekers landed at Eden, replenished their supplies then headed for Kiandra. With
4032-694: The future. The North Pacific has at least four breeding populations: off Mexico (including Baja California and the Revillagigedos Islands ), Central America, the Hawaiian Islands , and both Okinawa and the Philippines . The Mexican population forages from the Aleutian Islands to California. During the summer, Central American humpbacks are found only off Oregon and California. In contrast, Hawaiian humpbacks have
4116-446: The genital slit of the female is marked by a round feature, known as the hemispherical lobe, which visually distinguishes males and females. Unique among large whales, humpbacks have bumps or tubercles on the head and front edge of the flippers; the tail fluke has a jagged trailing edge . The tubercles on the head are 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) thick at the base and poke up to 6.5 cm (2.6 in). They are mostly hollow in
4200-496: The genus Megaptera , classifying the humpback as Megaptera longipinna , but in 1932, Remington Kellogg reverted the species names to use Borowski's novaeangliae . The common name is derived from the curving of their backs when diving. The generic name Megaptera from the Ancient Greek mega- μεγα ("giant") and ptera / πτερα ("wing") refer to their large front flippers. The specific name means "New Englander" and
4284-582: The grooves. Water is pushed out through the baleen. In the southern hemisphere, humpbacks have been recorded foraging in large compact gatherings numbering up to 200 individuals. Humpbacks typically hunt their prey with bubble-nets , which is considered to be a form of tool use . A group swims in a shrinking circle while blowing air from their blowholes , capturing prey above in a cylinder of bubbles . They may dive up to 20 m (70 ft) performing this technique. Bubble-netting comes in two main forms; upward spirals and double loops. Upward spirals involve
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#17327942819694368-488: The group over 27 years in response to a change in primary prey. The tubercles on the flippers stall the angle of attack , which both maximizes lift and minimizes drag (see tubercle effect ). This, along with the shape of the flippers, allows the whales to make the abrupt turns necessary during bubble-feeding. At Stellwagen Bank off the coast of the US state of Massachusetts , humpback whales have been recorded foraging at
4452-601: The growth of commercial whale watching was built on the humpback whale. The species' highly active surface behaviors and tendency to become accustomed to boats have made them easy to observe, particularly for photographers. In 1975, humpback whale tours were established in New England and Hawaii. This business brings in a revenue of $ 20 million per year for Hawaii's economy. While Hawaiian tours have tended to be commercial, New England and California whale watching tours have introduced educational components. As of 2018,
4536-517: The humpback carcasses. The graziers from the Monaro district inland from Twofold Bay were seeking a better way to transport their cattle to Hobart , Tasmania . It was decided to establish cattle-handling facilities and an accompanying township on an appropriate site on Twofold Bay. Thus, in 1834, the Home Government authorised the captain of HMS Alligator to seek an appropriate site for
4620-408: The main natural predators of humpback whales. Like other large whales, the humpback was a target for the whaling industry. Humans once hunted the species to the brink of extinction ; its population fell to around 5,000 by the 1960s. Numbers have partially recovered to some 135,000 animals worldwide, while entanglement in fishing gear , collisions with ships, and noise pollution continue to affect
4704-419: The male that is closest to the female is known as the "principal escort", who fights off the other suitors known as "challengers". Other males, called "secondary escorts", trail further behind and are not directly involved in the conflict. Agonistic behavior between males consists of tail slashing, ramming, and head-butting. Males have also been observed engaging in copulation with each other . Gestation in
4788-605: The movements of the tail fluke. Humpbacks are able to flap and rotate their flippers in a manner similar to California sea lions . Humpbacks rest at the surface with their bodies lying horizontally. They frequent shallow seamounts, commonly exploring depths of up to 80 meters (260 feet) and occasionally venturing into deep dives reaching up to 616 meters (2,020 feet). These deeper descents are believed to serve various purposes, including navigational guidance, communication with fellow humpback whales, and facilitation of feeding activities. Dives typically do not exceed five minutes during
4872-537: The northern bank of Lake Curalo. A number of industries were based in the town in the mid-2000s. These are mainly related to the tourist industry and include a wide variety of accommodation, places to eat and entertainment, especially fishing and sailing. As well, cruises of Twofold Bay and for whale-watching leave the Eden Wharf located in Snug Cove. The cruise of Nullica Bay, Twofold Bay, allows close views of
4956-1347: The northern hemisphere, songs change more gradually while southern hemisphere songs go through cyclical "revolutions". Humpback whales are reported to make other vocalizations. "Snorts" are quick low-frequency sounds commonly heard among animals in groups consisting of a mother–calf pair and one or more male escort groups. These likely function in mediating interactions within these groups. "Grumbles" are also low in frequency but last longer and are more often made by groups with one or more adult males. They appear to signal body size and may serve to establish social status. "Thwops" and "wops" are frequency modulated vocals, and may serve as contact calls both within and between groups. High-pitched "cries" and "violins" and modulated "shrieks" are normally heard in groups with two or more males and are associated with competition. Humpback whales produce short, low-frequency "grunts" and short, modulated "barks" when joining new groups. Visible scars indicate that orcas prey upon juvenile humpbacks. A 2014 study in Western Australia observed that when available in large numbers, young humpbacks can be attacked and sometimes killed by orcas. Moreover, mothers and (possibly related) adults escort calves to deter such predation. The suggestion
5040-685: The region prior to the arrival of Europeans were the Thaua , or Thawa, people of the Yuin nation. Whaling ships had been operating in the area in 1791. George Bass first took shelter in Twofold Bay on the return leg of a voyage to Van Diemen's Land ( Tasmania ) in February 1798, having noted the bay on the southward leg of this same voyage in December 1797. Later, in September of that year, on
5124-403: The region. In Hawaii, humpback whales have been recorded vocalizing for as long as seven hours. Songs are divided into layers; "subunits", "units", "subphrases", "phrases" and "themes". A subunit refers to the discontinuities or inflections of a sound while full units are individual sounds, similar to musical notes . A succession of units creates a subphrase, and a collection of subphrases make up
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#17327942819695208-448: The seafloor for sand lances. This involves the whales flushing out the fish by brushing their jaws against the bottom. Mating and breeding take place during the winter months, which is when females reach estrus and males reach peak testosterone and sperm levels. Humpback whales are promiscuous , with both sexes having multiple partners. Males will frequently trail both lone females and cow–calf pairs. These are known as "escorts", and
5292-487: The shipping of cattle to South Australia , Queensland and to New Zealand . Because Eden is equidistant between Sydney and both Melbourne and Tasmania , the port town was considered as a location for the Australian capital following Australian Federation in 1901. However, the ‘Limestone Plains’ in southern New South Wales were chosen instead as the location of the new city of Canberra . Whaling declined in
5376-530: The southeastern Pacific (stock G), southwestern Atlantic (stock A), southeastern Atlantic (stock B), southwestern Indian Ocean (stock C), southeastern Indian Ocean (stock D), southwestern Pacific (stock E), and the Oceania stock (stocks E–F). Stock G breeds in tropical and subtropical waters off the west coast of Central and South America and forages along the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula ,
5460-437: The southern hemisphere around 880,000 years ago and colonized the northern hemisphere 200,000–50,000 years ago. A 2014 genetic study suggested that the separate populations in the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Oceans have had limited gene flow and are distinct enough to be subspecies , with the scientific names of M. n. novaeangliae , M. n. kuzira and M. n. australis respectively. A non-migratory population in
5544-474: The southern hemisphere is the Antarctic krill . Further north, the northern krill and various species of Euphausia and Thysanoessa are consumed. Fish prey include herring , capelin , sand lances and Atlantic mackerel . Like other rorquals, humpbacks are "gulp feeders", swallowing prey in bulk, while right whales and bowhead whales are skimmers. The whale increases its mouth gape by expanding
5628-617: The species lasts 11.5 months, and females reproduce every 2 years. Fetuses start out with teeth and develop their baleen during the very last months of their gestation. Humpback whale births have been rarely observed. One birth witnessed off Madagascar occurred within four minutes. Mothers typically give birth in mid-winter, usually to a single calf. Young start out with furled dorsal fins which straighten and stiffen as they get older. Calves with furled fin spend more time traveling and surfacing to breathe while calves with straighter fins can hold their breaths longer and can rest and circle around at
5712-503: The species. The humpback was first identified as baleine de la Nouvelle Angleterre by Mathurin Jacques Brisson in his Regnum Animale of 1756. In 1781, Georg Heinrich Borowski described the species, converting Brisson's name to its Latin equivalent, Balaena novaeangliae . In 1804, Bernard Germain de Lacépède shifted the humpback from the family Balaenidae , renaming it B. jubartes . In 1846, John Edward Gray created
5796-589: The summer but are normally 15–20 minutes during the winter. As it dives, a humpback typically raises its tail fluke, exposing the underside. Humpbacks have been observed to produce oral "bubble clouds" when near another individual, possibly in the context of "aggression, mate attraction, or play". Humpbacks may also use bubble cloud as "smoke screens" to escape from predators. Humpback whales feed from spring to fall. They are generalist feeders, their main food items being krill , copepods , other plankton and small schooling fish. The most common krill species eaten in
5880-568: The surface more. Older calves are also away from their mothers more. Calves suckle for up to a year but can eat adult food in six months. Humpbacks are sexually mature at 5–10 years, depending on the population. Humpback whales possibly live over 50 years. Male humpback whales produce complex songs during the winter breeding season. These vocals range in frequency between 100 Hz and 4 kHz, with harmonics reaching up to 24 kHz or more, and can travel at least 10 km (6.2 mi). Males may sing for between 4 and 33 minutes, depending on
5964-504: The surface, performing aerial behaviors such as breaching and surface slapping with the tail ( lobtailing ) and flippers. These may be forms of play and communication and/or for removing parasites. The species is a slower swimmer than other rorquals, cruising at 7.9–15.1 km/h (4.9–9.4 mph). When threatened, a humpback may speed up to 27 km/h (17 mph). Their proportionally long pectoral fins give them great propulsion and allow them to swim in any direction independently of
6048-430: The timber industry, and local social history. 37°04′07″S 149°54′31″E / 37.0686°S 149.9086°E / -37.0686; 149.9086 This article related to a museum in Australia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a building or structure in New South Wales is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Eden, New South Wales Eden
6132-413: The tips of the temporal lobes , and weighed around 4.6 kg (10 lb). Its brain has similar complexity to the brains of smaller whales and dolphins. Computer models of the middle ear suggest that the humpback can hear at frequencies between 15 Hz and 3 kHz "when stimulated at the tympanic membrane ", and between 200 Hz and 9 kHz "if stimulated at the thinner region of the tympanic bone adjacent to
6216-580: The true number was over 48,000. As of 2004, hunting was restricted to a few animals each year off the Caribbean island of Bequia in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines . The take is not believed to threaten the local population. Japan had planned to kill 50 humpbacks in the 2007/08 season under its JARPA II research program. The announcement sparked global protests. After a visit to Tokyo by
6300-409: The two major wharves mentioned in the article on Twofold Bay. Tourism contributes AU$ 180 million yearly to the economy of the shire, which includes Bega and several other towns. The area receives 550,000 visitors annually. Many people visit Eden for whale watching as whales migrate from Antarctic to tropical waters in June and July, and back again later in the year. A significant fishing fleet
6384-504: The tympanic membrane". This is consistent with their vocalization ranges. As in all cetaceans, the respiratory tract of the humpback whale is connected to the blow and not the mouth, though appears to be able to unlock the epiglottis and larynx and move them towards the oral cavity, allowing them to blow bubbles from there. The vocal folds of the humpback are more horizontally positioned than those of land mammals which allows them to produce underwater calls. These calls are amplified by
6468-554: The west coast of Africa and is further divided into Bl and B2 subpopulations, the former ranging from the Gulf of Guinea to Angola and the latter ranging from Angola to western South Africa. Stock B whales have been recorded foraging in waters to the southwest of the continent, mainly around Bouvet Island . Comparison of songs between those at Cape Lopez and Abrolhos Archipelago indicate that trans-Atlantic mixings between stock A and stock B whales occur. Stock C whales winter around southeastern Africa and surrounding waters. This stock
6552-618: The western coast of Australia, and forage in the southern region of the Kerguelen Plateau . Stock E is divided into E1, E2, and E3 stocks. E1 whales have a breeding range off eastern Australia and Tasmania ; their main feeding range is close to Antarctica, mainly within 130°E and 170°W . The Oceania stock is divided into the New Caledonia (E2), Tonga (E3), Cook Islands (F1) and French Polynesia (F2) subpopulations. This stock's feeding grounds mainly range from around
6636-504: The whale's tail to cripple and bleed the whale before she managed to drown the whale by biting onto its head and pulling it underwater. Humpback whales are found in marine waters worldwide , except for some areas at the equator and High Arctic and some enclosed seas. The furthest north they have been recorded is at 81°N around northern Franz Josef Land . They are usually coastal and tend to congregate in waters within continental shelves . Their winter breeding grounds are located around
6720-737: The whales blowing air from their blowhole continuously as they circle towards the surface, creating a spiral of bubbles. Double loops consist of a deep, long loop of bubbles that herds the prey, followed by slapping the surface and then a smaller loop that prepares the final capture. Combinations of spiraling and looping have been recorded. After the humpbacks create the "nets", the whales swim into them with their mouths gaping and ready to swallow. Bubble-net feeding has also been observed in solitary humpbacks, which can consume more food per mouthful without tiring, particularly with low-density prey patches. Using network-based diffusion analysis , one study argued that whales learned lobtailing from other whales in
6804-501: The winter snow falls at Kiandra came the hurried exodus of those same people keen to leave the district as soon as possible. For a short period Eden flourished, only to quickly return to its usual quiet pace again. In the 1850s there were four hotels in Eden. One of these hotels, the Crown and Anchor first licensed in 1845, still stands. It is no longer licensed but it still provides accommodation to travellers. Just south of this building
6888-581: Was named after George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland , the British Secretary for the Colonies, Baron Auckland, whose family name was Eden. After the town plan was finalised the first blocks were auctioned on 9 March 1843. The land was sold to Thomas Aspinall, Benjamin Boyd, S. Clinton, Lewes Gordon, W. Hirst, James Kirwan, J.P. Robinson and T.A. Townsend. The first postmaster was appointed in 1843 but
6972-497: Was probably given by Brisson due to regular sightings of humpbacks off the coast of New England . Humpback whales are rorquals , members of the family Balaenopteridae , which includes the blue , fin , Bryde's , sei and minke whales . A 2018 genomic analysis estimates that rorquals diverged from other baleen whales in the late Miocene , between 10.5 and 7.5 million years ago. The humpback and fin whale were found to be sister taxon (see phylogenetic tree below). There
7056-545: Was serviced by the Illawarra Steam Navigation Company . In 2021 the Port of Eden became the ceremonial home port for Royal Australian Navy auxiliary ship HMAS Supply (A195) the crew of which have adopted the killer whales of Eden as the official mascot. Humpback whales The humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) is a species of baleen whale . It is a rorqual (a member of
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