46-763: The Edmund Barton Building (formerly known as the Trade Group Offices) is a large office building positioned prominently on the National Triangle in the Canberra suburb of Barton, Australian Capital Territory . It was designed by the Australian architect Harry Seidler . It is named after Sir Edmund Barton , the first Prime Minister of Australia and one of the founding judges of the High Court of Australia . The Edmund Barton Building
92-491: A distinctive style of photography, involving jagged angles and contrasts and abstract use of light, which paralleled the work of László Moholy-Nagy in Germany: The major practitioners of this included, along with Rodchenko, Boris Ignatovich and Max Penson , among others. Kulagina, collaborating with Klutiso, utilised the use of photomontage to create political and personal posters of representative subjects from women in
138-458: A fixation on jazz-age America which was characteristic of the philosophy, with its praise of slapstick-comedy actors like Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton , as well as of Fordist mass production. Like the photomontages and designs of Constructivism, early Soviet cinema concentrated on creating an agitating effect by montage and 'making strange'. Although originated in Germany, photomontage
184-459: A kind of Constructivist flapper dress before her early death in 1924, the plans for which were published in the journal LEF . In these works, Constructivists showed a willingness to involve themselves in fashion and the mass market, which they tried to balance with their Communist beliefs. The Soviet Constructivists organised themselves in the 1920s into the 'Left Front of the Arts', who produced
230-472: A major controversy in the Moscow group in 1920 when Gabo and Pevsner's Realistic Manifesto asserted a spiritual core for the movement. This was opposed to the utilitarian and adaptable version of Constructivism held by Tatlin and Rodchenko. Tatlin's work was immediately hailed by artists in Germany as a revolution in art: a 1920 photograph shows George Grosz and John Heartfield holding a placard saying 'Art
276-563: A memorial sculpture of Sir Edmund Barton stands at the south-west corner of the building, facing Kings Avenue . Office building Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 569450778 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:53:05 GMT Constructivism (art) Constructivism
322-548: A more socially oriented group who wanted this art to be absorbed in industrial production. A split occurred in 1922 when Pevsner and Gabo emigrated. The movement then developed along socially utilitarian lines. The productivist majority gained the support of the Proletkult and the magazine LEF, and later became the dominant influence of the architectural group O.S.A. , directed by Alexander Vesnin and Moisei Ginzburg . A number of Constructivists would teach or lecture at
368-614: A term in Gabo's Realistic Manifesto of 1920. Aleksei Gan used the word as the title of his book Constructivism , printed in 1922. Constructivism as theory and practice was derived largely from a series of debates at the Institute of Artistic Culture (INKhUK) in Moscow, from 1920 to 1922. After deposing its first chairman, Wassily Kandinsky , for his 'mysticism', The First Working Group of Constructivists (including Liubov Popova , Alexander Vesnin , Rodchenko , Varvara Stepanova , and
414-477: Is Dead – Long Live Tatlin's Machine Art', while the designs for the tower were published in Bruno Taut 's magazine Frühlicht . The tower was never built, however, due to a lack of money following the revolution. Tatlin's tower started a period of exchange of ideas between Moscow and Berlin, something reinforced by El Lissitzky and Ilya Ehrenburg 's Soviet-German magazine Veshch-Gegenstand-Objet which spread
460-429: Is an early twentieth-century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko . Abstract and austere, constructivist art aimed to reflect modern industrial society and urban space. The movement rejected decorative stylization in favour of the industrial assemblage of materials. Constructivists were in favour of art for propaganda and social purposes, and were associated with Soviet socialism ,
506-556: Is one of many examples of photomontage that utilises photo collage to create a multi-layer composition. This brought forth the Constuctor's artistic vision and technique of utilising 2D space with limited technology. However Constructivist montages would be less 'destructive' than those of Dadaism. Perhaps the most famous of these montages was Rodchenko's illustrations of the Mayakovsky poem About This . LEF also helped popularise
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#1732780385096552-690: The Bauhaus schools in Germany, and some of the VKhUTEMAS teaching methods were adopted and developed there. Gabo established a version of Constructivism in England during the 1930s and 1940s that was adopted by architects, designers and artists after World War I (see Victor Pasmore ), and John McHale . Joaquín Torres García and Manuel Rendón were instrumental in spreading Constructivism throughout Europe and Latin America. Constructivism had an effect on
598-532: The Bolsheviks and the Russian avant-garde . Constructivist architecture and art had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements. Its influence was widespread, with major effects upon architecture, sculpture , graphic design , industrial design , theatre, film, dance, fashion and, to some extent, music. Constructivism
644-714: The Stenberg brothers . Later the definition would be extended to designs for two-dimensional works such as books or posters, with montage and factography becoming important concepts. As much as involving itself in designs for industry, the Constructivists worked on public festivals and street designs for the post-October revolution Bolshevik government. Perhaps the most famous of these was in Vitebsk , where Malevich's UNOVIS Group painted propaganda plaques and buildings (the best known being El Lissitzky 's poster Beat
690-575: The deconstruction literary approach). It was developed by architects Zaha Hadid , Rem Koolhaas and others during the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Zaha Hadid by her sketches and drawings of abstract triangles and rectangles evokes the aesthetic of constructivism. Though similar formally, the socialist political connotations of Russian constructivism are deemphasized by Hadid's deconstructivism. Rem Koolhaas' projects revive another aspect of constructivism. The scaffold and crane -like structures represented by many constructivist architects are used for
736-473: The preservation of heritage values of the building, and about loss of public access to central open spaces and art works. The building was originally designed as office space for Australian federal trade agencies. In the 1980s and 1990s the building was occupied by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (previously known as the Department of Primary Industries and Energy and prior to that
782-621: The Department of Primary Industry) and small groups from other departments including the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. A range of other agencies have occupied parts of the building, including the Australian Public Service Commission (from before 2000 to 2007) and the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2004–2007). The Australian Federal Police undertook to occupy
828-625: The Russian Constructivists: the INKhUK debates of 1920–22 had culminated in the theory of Productivism propounded by Osip Brik and others, which demanded direct participation in industry and the end of easel painting. Tatlin was one of the first to attempt to transfer his talents to industrial production, with his designs for an economical stove, for workers' overalls and for furniture. The Utopian element in Constructivism
874-801: The Stenberg brothers. These ideas would influence German directors like Bertolt Brecht and Erwin Piscator , as well as the early Soviet cinema. The key work of Constructivism was Vladimir Tatlin's proposal for the Monument to the Third International (Tatlin's Tower) (1919–20) which combined a machine aesthetic with dynamic components celebrating technology such as searchlights and projection screens. Gabo publicly criticised Tatlin's design saying, "Either create functional houses and bridges or create pure art, not both." This had already caused
920-516: The US. The Constructivists' main early political patron was Leon Trotsky , and it began to be regarded with suspicion after the expulsion of Trotsky and the Left Opposition in 1927–28. The Communist Party would gradually favour realist art during the course of the 1920s (as early as 1918 Pravda had complained that government funds were being used to buy works by untried artists). However it
966-699: The Whites with the Red Wedge (1919)). Inspired by Vladimir Mayakovsky 's declaration 'the streets our brushes, the squares our palettes', artists and designers participated in public life during the Civil War. A striking instance was the proposed festival for the Comintern congress in 1921 by Alexander Vesnin and Liubov Popova, which resembled the constructions of the OBMOKhU exhibition as well as their work for
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#17327803850961012-795: The building from mid-2009, following a major refurbishment. The Edmund Barton Building is regarded as one of Harry Seidler's most important Australian buildings. The building was placed on the Commonwealth National Heritage List in June 2005, as 'an outstanding example of the Late Twentieth-Century International Style of architecture in Australia and is the largest such example in the National Capital'. The building
1058-707: The early twenties. Through their collaboration with Otto Neurath and the Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsmuseum such artists as Gerd Arntz , Augustin Tschinkel and Peter Alma affected the development of the Vienna Method . This link was most clearly shown in A bis Z , a journal published by Franz Seiwert , the principal theorist of the group. They were active in Russia working with IZOSTAT and Tschinkel worked with Ladislav Sutnar before he emigrated to
1104-529: The easel painting and traditional narratives that elements of the Communist Party were trying to revive then. Important Constructivists were very involved with cinema, with Mayakovsky acting in the film The Young Lady and the Hooligan (1919), Rodchenko's designs for the intertitles and animated sequences of Dziga Vertov 's Kino Eye (1924), and Aleksandra Ekster designs for the sets and costumes of
1150-484: The former represented best by the brightly coloured, geometric posters of the Stenberg brothers (Georgii and Vladimir Stenberg), and the latter by the agitational photomontage work of Gustav Klutsis and Valentina Kulagina . In Cologne in the late 1920s Figurative Constructivism emerged from the Cologne Progressives , a group which had links with Russian Constructivists, particularly Lissitzky, since
1196-524: The idea of 'Construction art', as did the Constructivist exhibits at the 1922 Russische Ausstellung in Berlin, organised by Lissitzky. A Constructivist International was formed, which met with Dadaists and De Stijl artists in Germany in 1922. Participants in this short-lived international included Lissitzky, Hans Richter , and László Moholy-Nagy . However the idea of 'art' was becoming anathema to
1242-445: The influence of constructivism. In the 1980s graphic designer Neville Brody used styles based on Constructivist posters that initiated a revival of popular interest. Also during the 1980s designer Ian Anderson founded The Designers Republic , a successful and influential design company which used constructivist principles. So-called Deconstructivist architecture shares elements of approach with Constructivism (its name refers more to
1288-421: The influential journal LEF , (which had two series, from 1923 to 1925 and from 1927 to 1929 as New LEF ). LEF was dedicated to maintaining the avant-garde against the critiques of the incipient Socialist Realism , and the possibility of a capitalist restoration, with the journal being particularly scathing about the 'NEPmen', the capitalists of the period. For LEF the new medium of cinema was more important than
1334-424: The internationally acclaimed American sculptor who worked in the modular constructivist style and studied under Josef Albers at Yale in the late 1950s. Black Widow is the free standing black painted steel form standing 4.8m high in the west courtyard. Concrete Form is the 7.3m high precast concrete sculpture in the east courtyard. These two important works were installed in 1975." In addition to these works,
1380-434: The modern masters of Latin America such as: Carlos Mérida , Enrique Tábara , Aníbal Villacís , Édgar Negret , Theo Constanté , Oswaldo Viteri , Estuardo Maldonado , Luis Molinari , Carlos Catasse , João Batista Vilanova Artigas and Oscar Niemeyer , to name just a few. There have also been disciples in Australia, the painter George Johnson being the best known. In New Zealand, the sculptures of Peter Nicholls show
1426-627: The new social demands and industrial tasks required of the new regime. Two distinct threads emerged, the first was encapsulated in Antoine Pevsner's and Naum Gabo's Realist manifesto which was concerned with space and rhythm, the second represented a struggle within the Commissariat for Enlightenment between those who argued for pure art and the Productivists such as Alexander Rodchenko, Varvara Stepanova and Vladimir Tatlin,
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1472-614: The retrofitting of cladding beneath the exposed first floor floor planks which, while improving thermal performance, has been criticised for obscuring the original design of the building. In 1999, as part of a privatisation of Commonwealth assets, the building was sold to the Industry Superannuation Property Trust Pty Ltd, which almost immediately on-sold the site to Advance Property Fund (a subsidiary of Stockland , one of Australia's largest property groups) for A$ 70 million. In December 2008
1518-596: The science fiction film Aelita (1924). The Productivist theorists Osip Brik and Sergei Tretyakov also wrote screenplays and intertitles, for films such as Vsevolod Pudovkin 's Storm over Asia (1928) or Victor Turin's Turksib (1929). The filmmakers and LEF contributors Dziga Vertov and Sergei Eisenstein as well as the documentarist Esfir Shub also regarded their fast-cut, montage style of filmmaking as Constructivist. The early Eccentrist movies of Grigori Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg ( The New Babylon , Alone ) had similarly avant-garde intentions, as well as
1564-417: The theatre'. Meyerhold developed a 'biomechanical' acting style, which was influenced both by the circus and by the 'scientific management' theories of Frederick Winslow Taylor . Meanwhile, the stage sets by the likes of Vesnin, Popova and Stepanova tested Constructivist spatial ideas in a public form. A more populist version of this was developed by Alexander Tairov , with stage sets by Aleksandra Ekster and
1610-517: The theatre. There was a great deal of overlap during this period between Constructivism and Proletkult , the ideas of which concerning the need to create an entirely new culture struck a chord with the Constructivists. In addition some Constructivists were heavily involved in the 'ROSTA Windows', a Bolshevik public information campaign of around 1920. Some of the most famous of these were by the poet-painter Vladimir Mayakovsky and Vladimir Lebedev . The constructivists tried to create works that would make
1656-482: The theorists Aleksei Gan , Boris Arvatov and Osip Brik ) would develop a definition of Constructivism as the combination of faktura : the particular material properties of an object, and tektonika , its spatial presence. Initially the Constructivists worked on three-dimensional constructions as a means of participating in industry: the OBMOKhU (Society of Young Artists) exhibition showed these three dimensional compositions, by Rodchenko, Stepanova, Karl Ioganson and
1702-538: The viewer an active viewer of the artwork. In this it had similarities with the Russian Formalists ' theory of 'making strange', and accordingly their main theorist Viktor Shklovsky worked closely with the Constructivists, as did other formalists like the Arch Bishop. These theories were tested in theatre, particularly with the work of Vsevolod Meyerhold , who had established what he called 'October in
1748-502: The workforce to satirise the humour of the local government. This also shared many characteristics with the early documentary movement. The book designs of Rodchenko, El Lissitzky and others such as Solomon Telingater and Anton Lavinsky were a major inspiration for the work of radical designers in the West, particularly Jan Tschichold . Many Constructivists worked on the design of posters for everything from cinema to political propaganda:
1794-442: Was a popular art form for Constructivists to create visually striking art and a method to convey change; " ". The Constructivists were early developers of the techniques of photomontage . Gustav Klutsis' 'Dynamic City' and 'Lenin and Electrification' (1919–20) are the first examples of this method of montage, which had in common with Dadaism the collaging together of news photographs and painted sections. Lissitzky's 'The Constructor'
1840-471: Was a post-World War I development of Russian Futurism , and particularly of the 'counter reliefs' of Vladimir Tatlin , which had been exhibited in 1915. The term itself was invented by the sculptors Antoine Pevsner and Naum Gabo , who developed an industrial, angular style of work, while its geometric abstraction owed something to the Suprematism of Kazimir Malevich. Constructivism first appears as
1886-625: Was designed and built for the Commonwealth government over the period 1970 to 1974. The building is of a precast , prestressed concrete construction. Its elements are radically simple: the entire structure was created using repeating patterns of just three different components: 26-metre-long facade beams , 16-metre-long floor beams or 'planks', and 1.5-metre column elements. It contains a total of 50 000 square metres of office space in seven wings, enclosing two courtyards. The building has undergone various subsequent modifications, notably including
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1932-636: Was intended to create a reaction, and function emotionally – most were designed for the state-owned department store Mosselprom in Moscow, for pacifiers, cooking oil, beer and other quotidian products, with Mayakovsky claiming that his 'nowhere else but Mosselprom' verse was one of the best he ever wrote. Additionally, several artists tried to work with clothes design with varying success: Varvara Stepanova designed dresses with bright, geometric patterns that were mass-produced, although workers' overalls by Tatlin and Rodchenko never achieved this and remained prototypes. The painter and designer Lyubov Popova designed
1978-815: Was maintained by his 'letatlin', a flying machine which he worked on until the 1930s. In 1921, the New Economic Policy was established in the Soviet Union, which opened up more market opportunities in the Soviet economy. Rodchenko , Stepanova , and others made advertising for the co-operatives that were now in competition with other commercial businesses. The poet-artist Vladimir Mayakovsky and Rodchenko worked together and called themselves " advertising constructors ". Together they designed eye-catching images featuring bright colours, geometric shapes, and bold lettering. The lettering of most of these designs
2024-578: Was not until about 1934 that the counter-doctrine of Socialist Realism was instituted in Constructivism's place. Many Constructivists continued to produce avant-garde work in the service of the state, such as Lissitzky, Rodchenko and Stepanova's designs for the magazine USSR in Construction . Constructivist architecture emerged from the wider constructivist art movement. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 , it turned its attentions to
2070-626: Was recognised with 1999 25 Year Award for its architectural merit from the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (RAIA), ACT Chapter. The building is also on the RAIA Register of Significant Twentieth Century Architecture (as the Trade Offices). The Edmund Barton Building site is the location of several significant pieces of sculpture . These include "two important works of public art by Norman Carlberg ,
2116-513: Was sold to Real IS AG for A$ 186 million. The building was the subject of a major refurbishment in 2007–2009 estimated to cost $ 115 million, including increased security measures around the building perimeter (owing to the client needs of the new tenant, the Australian Federal Police), and reinvigoration of the courtyard areas. Planning for the refurbishment was undertaken by HBO+EMTB. The refurbishment caused some concern about
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