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38-600: The Egyptian Mau is a small to medium-sized, short to medium-haired cat breed . They are one of the few naturally spotted breeds of domesticated cat. The spots of the Mau occur on only the tips of the hairs of its coat. It is considered a rare breed. Historical evidence points to the Mau being an Egyptian breed. The feline genome data published in the Pentascope document shows the Egyptian Mau to be very closely related to

76-615: A cat belonging to the Egyptian ambassador to Italy and after asking about the cat she persuaded him to help her obtain a cat from Cairo . She obtained a female named Baba who was later bred with the ambassador's cat. A male bronze tabby was born and he was bred with his mother to produce a female named Lisa. These progenitors were first shown in 1955 at the Rome Cat Show. English fanciers attempted to reproduce this novel breed by using Abyssinians , Siamese , and tabby cats which became

114-462: A few months total due to potential side effects. Contraindications to this diet include heart failure , liver failure , kidney failure , pancreatitis , hypertension (high blood pressure), and hypoalbuminemia (low serum albumin ). Prevention of struvite stones is with a similar diet with milder restrictions. Certain dog breeds are predisposed to struvite stones, including Miniature Schnauzers , Bichon Frises , and Cocker Spaniels . They are

152-608: A high fractional urinary excretion of calcium. The urine will appear thick and creamy or sometimes sandy. Small stones and sand can be removed using urohydropropulsion. Prevention is through reducing calcium intake by feeding more hay and less commercial rabbit pellets, and by not using mineral supplements. The Minnesota Urolith Center at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine has done detailed analysis of uroliths from animals since 1981 and has noted changing trends in feline uroliths. In 1981, struvite stones were

190-571: A large amount of corn gluten or soybean hulls. Dog breeds possibly predisposed include German Shepherd Dogs , Golden Retrievers , Labrador Retrievers , and Miniature Schnauzers. Reasons for treatment of bladder stones include recurring symptoms and risk of urinary tract obstruction. Some stones, including struvite and urate stones, can be dissolved using dietary modifications and/or medications. Calcium oxalate stones are not able to be dissolved and must be surgically removed. Small stones in female dogs may possibly be removed by urohydropropulsion ,

228-403: A nonsurgical procedure. Urohydropropulsion is performed under sedation by filling the bladder with saline through a catheter, holding the dog vertically, and squeezing the bladder to expel the stones through the urethra. Bladder stones can be removed surgically by a cystotomy , which is a small incision into the bladder to scoop out the stones. Stones lodged in the urethra can often be flushed into

266-399: A regular house cat is 64–67 days, but the Egyptian Mau has a longer gestation period, at 73 days. The Egyptian Mau is a muscular cat with notable features being their spotted coat and a tabby marking on their forehead that is said to resemble a scarab design. The head is gently rounded and of medium size. The ears are medium to moderately large, broad at the base with a bit of pointing at

304-575: A soluble complex with cystine in the urine. Dog breeds possibly predisposed to formation of cystine stones include Bulldogs, Dachshunds , Basset Hounds , Chihuahuas , Yorkshire Terriers, Irish Terriers , and Newfoundlands . In Newfoundlands, cystinuria is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, but in the other breeds it is a sex linked trait and found primarily in male dogs. Calcium phosphate , also known as hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ), stones form in neutral to alkaline urine. They are usually smooth and round. Calcium phosphate

342-480: A soluble complex with oxalates and promotes the formation of alkaline urine. Dog breeds possibly prone to calcium oxalate stones include Miniature Schnauzers , Lhasa Apsos , Yorkshire Terriers , Miniature Poodles , Shih Tzus , and Bichon Frises . They are the most common stone in male dogs. Calcium oxalate stones are also common in domestic rabbits . Rabbits are prone to hypercalciuria due to intestinal absorption of calcium not being dependent on vitamin D and

380-428: Is a small amount of calcium phosphate present. They form at a neutral to alkaline pH of the urine. Bacterial infections contribute to their formation by increasing the pH of the urine through the urease enzyme in dogs. More than 90 percent of dogs with struvite stones have an associated urease-producing bacterial infection in the urinary tract, but in cats struvite stones usually form in sterile urine. The appearance of

418-465: Is associated with increased renal calcium excretion, which lowers urinary pH. By lowering urinary pH, the risk for development of calcium oxalate uroliths increases. By feeding proper amounts of calcium and potassium we avoid this issue, which is especially common in male cats. When symptoms indicate bladder stones, the first step is usually to take an x-ray . Most types of stones will appear readily in an x-ray, urate and occasionally cystine stones being

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456-1245: Is considered a colorpoint variety of the Persian by the CFA, while the Javanese (or Colorpoint Longhair) is a color variation of the Balinese in both the TICA and the CFA; both breeds are merged (along with the Colorpoint Shorthair) into a single "mega-breed", the Colourpoint, by the World Cat Federation (WCF), who have repurposed the name "Javanese" for the Oriental Longhair . Also, "Colo[u]rpoint Longhair" refers to different breeds in other registries. There are many examples of nomenclatural overlap and differences of this sort. Furthermore, many geographical and cultural names for cat breeds are fanciful selections made by Western breeders to be exotic sounding and bear no relationship to

494-499: Is muscular, with the hind legs longer than the front, giving the Mau the appearance of standing on tiptoes when upright." The Egyptian Mau is the fastest of the domestic cats, with its longer hind legs, and unique flap of skin extending from the flank to the back knee, which assists in running by allowing the legs to stretch back farther, providing for greater agility and length of stride. Maus have been clocked running more than 48 km/h (30 mph). The typical gestation period for

532-446: Is no recommended diet to dissolve calcium oxalate stones. For prevention a diet low in protein and oxalates and high in magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium is recommended. Increased dietary magnesium and phosphorus decreases the amount of calcium in the urine, and increased dietary calcium reduces absorption of oxalates from the intestines. Potassium citrate has been recommended to prevent calcium oxalate stone formation because it forms

570-468: Is usually a component of struvite or calcium oxalate stones and is infrequently a pure stone. They form more readily with hypercalcaemia. Dog breeds possibly predisposed to calcium phosphate stone formation include Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Schnauzers, and Cocker Spaniels. Silicate (SiO 2 ) stones form in acidic to neutral urine. They are usually jackstone in appearance. There is possibly an increased incidence associated with dogs on diets that have

608-789: The Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) recognizes 45, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFe) recognizes 50, the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) recognizes 45, and the World Cat Federation (WCF) recognizes 69. Inconsistency in a breed's classification and naming among registries means that an individual animal may be considered different breeds by different registries (though not necessarily eligible for registry in them all, depending on its exact ancestry). For example, TICA's Himalayan

646-527: The Cat Fanciers' Association in 1977 and The International Cat Association in 1979. By the 1990s there were breeders in North America, Europe, and Japan. The Egyptian Mau did not reach British shores until 1998 when the first Maus were imported by Melissa Bateson, 8 years after it received full recognition from the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF). Egyptian Maus are a relatively rare breed worldwide. Fewer than 200 kittens are registered with

684-581: The Maine Coon , Korat , and American Turkish Angoras (indistinguishable from native Turkish Angoras). The phylogenetic tree published in PlosOne demonstrates that the Egyptian Mau belongs to the group of Western-derived breeds. The East Mediterranean/Anatolian group is omitted because breeds that supposedly originate in that geographic area do not do so. In 1953 in Italy , Princess Natalie Trubetskoy saw

722-612: The Ocicat . Princess Natalie travelled with her three Maus to the United States in 1956 and in the following year Baba became a champion. The American Maus are purportedly from Baba although other reports claim they're descended from a pair named Gepa and Ludol, brought into the country in 1953. The breed first received championship in 1968 with the Cat Fanciers Federation followed later on with recognition from

760-461: The renal tubules resulting in concentration of the urine, and changes in urine pH that influence crystallization. Other contributing factors include diet, frequency of urination, genetics, current medications, and the presence of a urinary tract infection . The stones form around a nidus , which can consist of white blood cells , bacteria , and organic matrix mixed with crystals, or crystals alone. The nidus makes up about two to ten percent of

798-425: The urethra , especially in male animals, causing urinary tract obstruction and the inability to urinate. This condition causes acute kidney failure , hyperkalemia , sepsis , and death within a few days. Oversaturation of urine with crystals is by far the biggest factor in stone formation in dogs and cats. This oversaturation can be caused by increased excretion of crystals by the kidneys, water reabsorption by

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836-521: The urinary bladder in varying size and numbers secondary to infection , dietary influences, and genetics . Stones can form in any part of the urinary tract in dogs and cats, but unlike in humans, stones of the kidney are less common and do not often cause significant disease, although they can contribute to pyelonephritis and chronic kidney disease . Types of stones include struvite , calcium oxalate , urate , cystine , calcium phosphate , and silicate . Struvite and calcium oxalate stones are by far

874-473: The GCCF each year. In 2022, only 39 Mau kittens were registered at the GCCF, ranking the cat breed at position 27 out of 40 breeds in popularity. In 2018, the Egyptian Mau ranked at position 27 out of 45 cat breeds registered with the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA). The breed conformation is described as "a balance between the compactness of a Burmese and the slim elegance of a Siamese . Its medium-length body

912-484: The actual origin of the breeds; the Balinese, Javanese, and Himalayan are all examples of this trend. The domestic short-haired and domestic long-haired cat types are not breeds, but terms used (with various spellings) in the cat fancy to describe " mongrel " or " bicolor " cats by coat length, ones that do not belong to a particular breed. Some registries such as the Cat Fanciers' Association allow for domestic short hairs and domestic long hairs to be registered for

950-414: The bladder and removed, but sometimes a urethrotomy is necessary. In male dogs with recurrent urinary tract obstruction a scrotal urethrostomy creates a permanent opening in the urethra proximal to the area where most stones lodge, behind the os penis . In male cats, stones lodge where the urethra narrows in the penis. Recurrent cases can be treated surgically with a perineal urethrostomy , which removes

988-598: The body and limbs. They also may have a stripe running down the lower spine and tail. The Egyptian Mau has a higher prevalence of urate urolithiasis (bladder stones) than mixed-breeds. A review of over 5,000 cases of urate uroliths had almost half the population of Egyptian Maus as having had the condition with an odds ratio of 44.41. A Canadian study of over 10,000 examinations of uroliths in cats found that 14 out of 17 Egyptian Maus surveyed had urate urolithiasis. List of cat breeds As of 2023, The International Cat Association (TICA) recognizes 73 standardized breeds,

1026-508: The formation of xanthine (C 5 H 4 N 4 O 2 ) stones. Cystine ((SCH 2 CHNH 2 COOH) 2 ) stones form in an acidic to neutral urine. They are usually smooth and round. They are caused by increased urine excretion of cystine (a relatively insoluble amino acid) in dogs with a defect in renal tubule reabsorption of cystine. Dietary reduction of protein and alkalinization of the urine may help prevent formation. Medications such as D-penicillamine and 2-MPG contain thiol , which forms

1064-622: The increased use of diets designed to prevent calcium oxalate crystal formation, which because of increased magnesium in the diet and decreased acidity of the urine help promote struvite crystal formation. Urethral plugs in cats are usually composed of struvite crystals and organic matter. Urate (C 5 H 4 N 4 O 3 ) stones, usually ammonium urate (NH 4 ·C 5 H 4 N 4 O 3 ) or sodium urate monohydrate (Na·C 5 H 4 N 4 O 3 ×H 2 O), form in an acidic to neutral urine. They are usually small, yellow-brown, smooth stones. Urate stones form due to an increased excretion of uric acid in

1102-402: The mass of the stone. It is possible for the nidus to be made of a different type of crystal than the rest of the stone, also known as epitaxial growth . Nutrition often plays a major role in the development of bladder stones. Sodium, calcium, phosphorus and potassium ratios and quantities play a large role in urinary health of animals. Research indicates that low dietary inclusion of potassium

1140-465: The most common exceptions. Stones smaller than three millimeters may not be visible. Ultrasonography is also useful for identifying bladder stones. Crystals identified in a urinalysis may help identify the stones, but analysis of the stones is necessary for identification of the complete chemical composition. Struvite stones are also known as magnesium ammonium phosphate stones due to their chemical composition - MgNH 4 PO 4 ·6H 2 O. Often there

1178-771: The most common type in cats, making up 78 percent of submitted samples, with only 2 percent comprising calcium oxalate stones. In the mid 1980s there was a substantial increase in the number of calcium oxalate samples, and between 1994 and 2002, 55 percent of feline stones were calcium oxalate and 33 percent were struvite. This may have been caused by the use of dissolution diets for struvite stones in cats and modification of other diets to prevent struvite crystal formation. These modifications predisposed to calcium oxalate crystal formation. However, in 2004, struvite stones once again surpassed calcium oxalate stones 44.9 percent to 44.3 percent, and in 2006, 50 percent of stones were struvite and 39 percent were calcium oxalate. This may have been due to

Egyptian Mau - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-415: The most common. Bladder stones are not the same as bladder crystals but if the crystals coalesce unchecked in the bladder they can become stones. Bladder stones may cause blood in the urine ( hematuria ) but sometimes there may be no signs at all. Painful urination or straining to urinate are other signs. Urinary tract infections are commonly associated with bladder stones. Smaller stones may become lodged in

1254-748: The most commonly reported bladder stone in female dogs and in ferrets (pregnant ferrets may be especially predisposed). For frequency in cats, see below. Calcium oxalate stones form in an acidic to neutral urine. Two types naturally occur, calcium oxalate monohydrate, or whewellite (CaC 2 O 4 ·H 2 O), and calcium oxalate dihydrate, or weddellite (CaC 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O). Their appearance can be rough, smooth, spiculated (needle-like), or jackstone . Calcium oxalate stones form more readily in animals with hypercalcaemia , which can be caused by Addison's disease or certain types of cancer . Hypercalcaemia results in hypercalciuria , which can also be caused by Cushing's syndrome or hyperparathyroidism . There

1292-589: The purpose of outcrossing. They should not be confused with standardized breeds with similar names, such as the British Shorthair and Oriental Longhair . United Kingdom (for traditional, see Thai ) (for colorpoint, see Neva Masquerade ) Bladder stone (animal) Bladder stones or uroliths are a common occurrence in animals, especially in domestic animals such as dogs and cats . Occurrence in other species, including tortoises , has been reported as well. The stones form in

1330-469: The stones vary from large solitary stones to multiple smaller stones. They can assume the shape of the bladder or urethra. Dissolution of the struvite stones depends on acidification of the urine through diet or urinary acidifiers . Special diets for dissolution also have reduced protein , phosphorus , and magnesium , as well as increased salt to increase water consumption and dilute the urine. The diet needs to be fed exclusively, but it can only be fed for

1368-651: The tip. The hair on the ears is short and may have tufting. The eyes are round and large. The eyes are light green although kittens may have amber eyes. The body is of medium length with prominent shoulder blades. There is a loose flap of skin extending from the flank to the knee of the hind legs. The tail is of medium length and thick at the base. The Egyptian Mau has a medium length coat with two or more bands of ticking. Maus come in six colours. From most to least common, these colours are silver, bronze, smoke, black, caramel and blue/pewter. The Egyptian Mau's coat contains dark patterns of varying size and shape, located all over

1406-452: The urine due to reduced conversion of uric acid to allantoin and ammonia to urea . Urate stones make up about six percent of all stones in the cat. Urate stones can be dissolved using a diet with reduced purines that alkalinizes and dilutes the urine. Allopurinol is used in dogs with altered purine metabolism to prevent the formation of uric acid. Feeding a diet high in purines while simultaneously administering allopurinol can result in

1444-490: The urine. Dalmatians (especially males) and to a lesser extent Bulldogs are genetically predisposed to the formation of urate stones because of an altered metabolism of purines . Dalmatians have a decreased rate of urate hepatic transport, leading to only about 30 to 40 percent conversion of urate to allantoin , compared with greater than 90 percent conversion in other breeds. Dogs with portosystemic shunts or endstage liver disease also have increased uric acid excretion in

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