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18-565: The author's pen name is Tōsanjin ( 桃山人 ) ; however, in the preface it is written as Tōka Sanjin ( 桃花山人 ) . According to the Kokusho Sōmokuroku ( Iwanami Shoten ) this is considered to be a gesaku author from the latter half of the Edo period , Tōkaen Michimaro ( 桃花園三千麿 ) . It can be said that this is a kind of hundred-tale kaidan (ghost story) book popular in the Edo period, as "100 Tales"

36-484: A codification of what had originally been a vague set of beliefs and would be one of the major contributing factors for the continuity of stories with still familiar Yokai that we enjoy today. The illustrations below are numbered by volume and appearance order. For example, the third illustration in the first volume is 1–3, and so on. [1] [2] [3] Kokusho S%C5%8Dmokuroku The Kokusho Sōmokuroku ( 国書総目録 ) loosely, "General Catalog of National Books")

54-416: A separate index opposed to cross-referenced in the main text. It consists of two volumes plus indexes. Gazu Hyakki Yagy%C5%8D Gazu Hyakki Yagyō ( 画図百鬼夜行 , " The Illustrated Night Parade of a Hundred Demons " or The Illustrated Demon Horde's Night Parade ) is the first book of Japanese artist Toriyama Sekien 's famous Gazu Hyakki Yagyō e-hon tetralogy , published in 1776. A version of

72-664: Is a Japanese reference work that indexes books published in Japan or written by Japanese before 1867. First published by the Iwanami Shoten company in 1963, an expanded edition was released in 1989. In its current edition, the Kokusho Sōmokuroku consists of eight volumes, in addition to an author index and appendix. The catalog was put together by compiling over one million library catalog cards from over 600 libraries across Japan in an effort to catalog books published before

90-508: Is a supernatural bestiary , a collection of ghosts, spirits, spooks and monsters from literature , folklore , and other artwork . The art of Gazu Hyakki Yagyō heavily references a 1737 scroll-painting called the Hyakkai Zukan by artist Sawaki Sūshi; Sekien's innovation was preparing the illustrations as woodblock prints that could be mass-produced in a bound book format. Intended as a parody of then-popular reference books such as

108-598: Is part of the title, but rather than being tales with story titles, yōkai names are printed with illustrations of yōkai, so it could be said that this work is a fusion of kaidan book and picture book. This book is also known by the title Tōsanjin Yawa because the title on the first page of each volume is "Tōsanjin Yawa, Volume [#]." Scholar of Japanese manners and customs Ema Tsutomu ( Nihon Yōkai Henka-shi , 1923) and folklorist Fujisawa Morihiko ( Hentai Densetsu-shi , 1926), as well as magazines at that time, introduced this book by

126-552: The Wakan Sansai Zue , it ended up becoming a reference book in its own right, profoundly influencing subsequent yōkai imagery in Japan. The book proved popular enough to be reprinted three times over the course of the Edo era by various book-sellers. The book is compiled in three sub-volumes: Yin , Yang , and Wind . Yin features a foreword by poet Maki Tōei, while Wind ends with an afterword by Sekien. The first volume of Gazu Hyakki Yagyō , called "Yin", includes

144-518: The Kokusho Sōmokuroku is the Kotenseki Sōgō Mokuroku , published by Iwanami in 1990. It is a print version of the catalog of post-Meiji Japanese works listed by the NIJL, and contains a total of 91,000 entries, 43,000 of which do not appear in the original Kokusho Sōmokuroku . The organizational structure is the same as the original volume, with the exception that alternate titles are listed in

162-566: The Meiji Restoration still in existence that were written in Japan or by Japanese nationals. The catalog does not contain Chinese classics , Buddhist scriptures , or books from non-Japanese sources. The catalog is organized by title which are listed in gojūon (Japanese syllabary) order (by line and initial sound) as opposed to Iroha order. The title is first listed in kanji , followed by reading in katakana . Each entry contains

180-460: The tetralogy translated and annotated in English was published in 2016. Although the title translates to "The Illustrated Night Parade of a Hundred Demons", it is based on an idiom, hyakki yagyō, that is akin to pandemonium in English and implies an uncountable horde. The book is followed by Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki , Konjaku Hyakki Shūi , and Gazu Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro . The book

198-417: The Edo period between 1603 and 1868) depending on the contents of the book itself and the reasons as to why it was printed. Often there would be such texts as essays, short stories, poems etc. that would accompany these pictures, although they would not necessarily be related to the illustrations. Most books in Japan would have been a collaboration between several people, all contributing to a different aspect of

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216-494: The book: the author to write the story, an artist to paint or cut and print the wood-blocks , paper makers , and book binders . Kōnjaku zukan yagyō 1971. Book Gazū Hyakki Yako book 1931. Yōkai Japanese folklore unknown Born 1712 as Sano Toyofusa, Toriyama Sekien being a pen name he would commonly use. His family were of a hereditary class of the Shogun ’s high-ranking servants known as obozu. With this position his family

234-606: The name Tōsanjin Yawa , and so this title became famous. On the other hand, Mizuki Shigeru , in his 1979 Yōkai 100 Monogatari describes it in his references as "Ehon Hyaku Monogatari (Author: Tōsanjin, Year of publication: Unknown)." Ehon have a 1,230 year long tradition in Japan. Beginning with the first ehon, a short prayer book, being published in the eighth century as a votive offering. The name ehon translates from Japanese as picture book. The main focus of these books were pictures or more specifically hand drawn paintings or wood-block printings (of which were popularized during

252-426: The name of the author or editor (when known), edition, date of publication (sometimes approximate), number of volumes, and genre. For each title, library and collection holdings are listed, with attention to the edition, including reprints, modern editions, wood-block prints , and so on. These listings contain many abbreviations, a list of which is given in the beginning of each volume. The revised and expanded edition

270-558: The night or fireballs flitting around a graveyard.” In more recent times you can find Yokai depicted in the modern media of Japanese folklore, anime and manga. According to Deborah Shamoon in her article, “The Yokai in the Database: Supernatural Creatures and Folklore in Manga and Anime” (2013), Sekien's original text Gazu Hyakki Yagyo and Takehara Shunsensai's Ehon Hyaku Monogatari that followed, allowed for

288-429: The things that are being depicted by both Takehara Shunsensai with his Ehon Hyaku Monogatari and in the original work by Toriyama Sekien with their illustrations and codified through the small text accompanying each picture. According to Michael Dylan Foster in his article, “Yokai: Fantastic Creatures of Japanese Folklore” (2022) Yokai once were invoked to try and explain any unknown phenomena, “such as eerie sounds in

306-844: Was able to afford to give him a high-level education under master artists Kano Gyokuen and Kano Chikanobu, both members of the state-sanctioned Kano School of art. Throughout his life he was accredited with over a dozen books, either as an author or contributing artist. Despite this proliferation of writing, his best known works are his Compendiums of Yokai. According to Hiroko Yoda and Matt Alt, authors/translators of “Japandemonium” (2013), Toriyama Sekien ’s four works, Gazu Hyakki Yagyo (1776), Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki (1779), Konjaku Hyakki Shui (1781), Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro (1784), represent the, “...first mass-produced illustrated compendiums of these wonderfully weird creatures.” Gazu Hyakki Yako , Nure yomejo Yokai can be at first thought of as monsters from Japanese folklore and legend. These are

324-603: Was released by Iwanami in 1989; however, the only major changes are symbols which cross-reference the main index with the appendixes and companion volumes. As of 2004, an online edition of the Kokusho Sōmokuroku is available at the website of the National Institute of Japanese Literature (NIJL). The database is searchable by title, author, genre and date, but is only accessible in Japanese and does not list textual variants or library holdings. The companion volume to

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