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55-589: The moshav was established in 1908 near Petah Tikva by members of the Second Aliyah and was named after the Levitical city of Ein Ganim , mentioned in the book of Joshua 21:29. The moshav poalim was an attempt to combine farming and urban labor ( garden city movement ). In addition to working in the city, families received land for tending small kitchen gardens. The moshav poalim differed in approach from

110-539: A Baghdadi Jew , Daud abu Yusuf, who despite appearing as a Bedouin , announced “ana Israʾili,” I am Jewish , and recited the shema by way of proof. Yusuf, along with a Moroccan Jew from Jaffo , Yaʿqub bin Maymun Zirmati, was hired as a guard for colony; it was customary for European Jewish colonies to hire local Arab guards or in some cases Yemenite Jews . Both were Ottoman imperial subjects and were important cultural and linguistic go-betweens, for example in

165-606: A Modern Orthodox Hesder Yeshiva affiliated with the Religious Zionist movement, directed by Rabbi Yuval Cherlow , is also located in Petah Tikva. Additionally, Rav Michael Laitman, PhD in Philosophy and Kabbalah (see Bnei Baruch ), daily leads 200-300 students and hundreds of thousands virtually (some estimates of up to 2 million) in the method of Kabbalah learned from his teacher Rav Baruch Ashlag , known as

220-480: A base. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War , Petah Tikva annexed all of the lands of the newly depopulated Palestinian village of Fajja . The city has suffered a series of terror attacks as a result of the ongoing regional conflict , including the bombing of a vegetable market in 1977 , and three attacks during the Second Intifada : On May 27, 2002, a suicide bomber blew himself up at a small cafe outside

275-517: A detailed list of vegetation and wildlife that can be found in and around the river. Mammals include: Nutria (coypu); Swamp cat ; and Golden jackal . Although not mentioned by The Yarkon River Authority, mongoose has also been spotted by visitors and hikers. On July 14, 1997, the Maccabiah bridge collapse led to the death of four athletes, members of the Australian delegation to

330-537: A later engagement and he fled to Damascus . In 975, the army of the Egypt-based Fatimid caliph al-Aziz defeated and captured the Aleppo -based Hamdanid general Aftakin on the banks of Auja. The Yarkon/Auja served as a key administrative boundary. In the early Ottoman period (16th century), it marked the boundary between Nablus Sanjak and Gaza Sanjak . Later, in the 19th century, it formed

385-664: A position as a base for many communications firms. As such, the headquarters of the Bezeq International international phone company is located in the Kiryat Matalon industrial zone as are those of the 012 Smile Internet Service Provider . The headquarters of Tadiran Telecom are in the Ramat Siv industrial zone. Arutz Sheva , the right wing Religious Zionist Israeli media network, operates an internet radio studio in Petah Tikva, where Arutz Sheva internet TV

440-476: A public park. The structure is supported from a 29-metre (95 ft) high inclined steel pylon, which is situated where the three spans intersect. Light in construction, the bridge is built principally of steel with a glass-paved deck. The Red Line of the Greater Tel Aviv rapid transit / light rail system connects Petah Tikva to Bnei Brak , Ramat Gan , Tel Aviv and Bat Yam . The Red Line of

495-583: A shopping mall, leaving two dead, including a baby; on December 25, 2003, a suicide bomber blew himself up at a bus stop near the Geha bridge, killing 4 civilians, and on February 5, 2006, a Palestinian got into a shuttle taxi, pulled out a knife, and began stabbing passengers killing two of them, but a worker from a nearby factory hit him with a log, subduing him. After the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, several adjoining villages–Amishav and Ein Ganim to

550-469: A total population of 3,032: 3,008 Jews, 22 Muslims and 2 Orthodox Christians. By the time the 1931 census was taken, the population had increased to 6,880 inhabitants in 1,688 houses. In 1937, it was recognized as a city. Its first mayor, Shlomo Stampfer, was the son of one of its founders, Yehoshua Stampfer . Petah Tikva, a center of citrus farming, was considered by both the British government and

605-652: Is twinned with: Yarkon River The Yarkon River , also Yarqon River or Jarkon River ( Hebrew : נחל הירקון , Nahal HaYarkon ; Arabic : نهر العوجا , Nahr al-Auja ), is a river in central Israel. The source of the Yarkon ("Greenish" in Hebrew) is at Tel Afek (Antipatris) , north of Petah Tikva . It flows west through Gush Dan and Tel Aviv 's Yarkon Park into the Mediterranean Sea . Its Arabic name, al-Auja , means "the meandering". The Yarkon

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660-545: Is also served by Mayanei Hayeshua Medical Center , a Haredi hospital in nearby Bnei Brak. Petah Tikva's Independence Park includes a zoo at its northeastern edge, the Museum of Man and Nature, a memorial to the victims of the 1921 Arab riots, an archaeological display, Yad Labanim soldiers' memorial, a local history museum, a Holocaust museum and the Petah Tikva Museum of Art . The main stadium in Petah Tikva

715-563: Is approximately 6,277 inhabitants per square kilometre (16,260/sq mi). Its jurisdiction covers 35,868 dunams (~35.9 km or 15 sq mi). Petah Tikva is part of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area . Petah Tikva takes its name (meaning "Door of Hope") from the biblical allusion in Hosea 2:15: "... and make the valley of Achor a door of hope." The Achor Valley , near Jericho , was the original proposed location for

770-460: Is closer to Jerusalem but located at a much lower altitude than the Yarkon River and in order to bring the water up to the peaks of Jerusalem a relatively complex technology would be needed to be used, therefore the British authorities decided to opt for the alternative Yarkon-Jerusalem water extraction pipeline. Using water pumps placed in the springs which flowed into the Yarkon River, water

825-788: Is divided into 33 neighborhoods for municipal purposes. Petah Tikva is the second-largest industrial sector in Israel after the northern city of Haifa . The industry is divided into three zones—Kiryat Aryeh (named after Arie Shenkar, founder and first president of the Manufacturers Association of Israel and a pioneer in the Israeli textile industry), Kiryat Matalon (named after Moshe Yitzhak Matalon), and Segula, and includes textiles, metalwork, carpentry, plastics, processed foods, tires and other rubber products, and soap. Numerous high-tech companies and start-ups have moved into

880-559: Is located as well as the printing press for its B'Sheva newspaper. The Israeli secret service, Shin Bet , has an interrogation facility in Petah Tikva. Petah Tikva is served by a large number of buses. A large number of intercity Egged buses stop there, and the city has a network of local buses operated by the Kavim company. The Dan bus company operates lines to Ramat Gan , Bnei Brak and Tel Aviv . Petah Tikva's largest bus terminal

935-637: Is now a team captain. In November–December 2006 and May 2007, a salvage excavation was conducted at Khirbat Mulabbis, east of Moshe Sneh Street in Petah Tikva on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority . Four main strata (I–IV) were identified, dating to the Byzantine period (fourth–seventh centuries CE; Stratum IV), Early Islamic period (eighth–tenth centuries CE; Stratum III), Crusader period (twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE; Stratum II) and Ottoman period (Stratum I). Petah Tikva

990-618: Is referenced in the Tony Award -winning 2016 musical The Band's Visit as the main plot derives from a mix-up between the city and the fictional town of "Bet Hatikva" in the Negev Desert of southern Israel. Petah Tikva is known for being a part of a satirical conspiracy theory which claims that it does not exist, much like the German Bielefeld conspiracy . "Free Petah Tikvah" became a meme during 2023. Petah Tikva

1045-559: Is the 11,500-seat HaMoshava Stadium . Petah Tikva has two football teams – Hapoel Petah Tikva and Maccabi Petah Tikva . The local baseball team, the Petach Tikva Pioneers , played in the inaugural 2007 season of the Israel Baseball League . The league folded the following year. In 2014, Hapoel Petah Tikva's women's football team recruited five Arab-Israeli women to play on the team. One of them

1100-581: Is the Petah Tikva Central Bus Station (Tahana Merkazit), while other major stations are located near Beilinson Hospital and Beit Rivka . Israel Railways maintains two suburban railroad stations in Segula and Kiryat Aryeh , in the northern part of the city. A central train station near the main bus station is envisioned as part of Israel Railways's long-term expansion plan. There are eight taxi fleets based in Petah Tikva, and

1155-693: Is the largest coastal river in Israel, at 27.5 km in length. The Yarkon/Auja was the northern boundary of the territory of the Philistines . During the time of the Assyrian rule over the country, a fortress was built in a site known today as Tell Qudadi , on the northern bank of the river, next to its estuary . On 27 April 750, the Abbasid general Abd Allah ibn Ali , uncle of Caliph al-Saffah ( r.  750–754 ), marched to Antipatris ('Abu Futrus'). There, he summoned around eighty members of

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1210-582: The Moshavot ' ), is a city in the Central District of Israel , 10.6 km (6.6 mi) east of Tel Aviv . It was founded in 1878, mainly by Haredi Jews of the Old Yishuv , and became a permanent settlement in 1883 with the financial help of Baron Edmond de Rothschild . In 2022, the city had a population of 255,387, being so the fifth-largest city in Israel. Its population density

1265-527: The Moshavot "). Originally intending to establish a new settlement in the Achor Valley , near Jericho , the settlers purchased land in that area. However, Abdülhamid II cancelled the purchase and forbade them from settling there, but they retained the name Petah Tikva as a symbol of their aspirations. In 1878, the founders of Petah Tikva learned of the availability of land northeast of Jaffa near

1320-626: The Ottoman army. The mouth of the river was conquered already during the late-1917 Battle of Jaffa . In the Mandatory period, the British government granted a number of concessions , including to Pinhas Rutenberg 's Jaffa Electric Company exclusive rights to generate, distribute, and sell electricity in the District of Jaffa. These rights were delivered through the “Auja Concession”, which

1375-606: The Reading Power Station which is situated near its mouth. When the river's headwaters were diverted to the Negev via the National Water Carrier for irrigation purposes, the state of the Yarkon declined. As sewage replaced the flow of fresh water, habitats were destroyed and flora and fauna disappeared. This was exacerbated by continuous discharges of industrial effluents and municipal sewage into

1430-510: The Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I , Petah Tikva served as a refugee town for residents of Tel Aviv and Jaffa , following their exile by the Ottoman authorities. The town suffered heavily as it lay between the Ottoman and British fronts during the war. In the early 1920s, industry began to develop in the Petah Tikva region. In 1921, Petah Tikva was granted local council status by

1485-631: The Tel Aviv Light Rail system is split into 2 branches upon entrance to Petah Tikva. One branch travels to an underground terminal at the Kiryat Aryeh railway station, while the other continues east to the Petach Tikva Central Bus Station. The Light Rail's train depot is also located at Kiryat Aryeh. It was opened to service on August 18, 2023. Petah Tikva's history of government goes back to 1880, when

1540-628: The Umayyad dynasty , whom the Abbasids had toppled earlier that year, with promises of fair surrender terms, only to have them massacred. On 5 April 885, at the banks of the river, Abu'l-Abbas ibn al-Muwaffaq fought against Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun in the Battle of Tawahin ('Battle of the Mills'). Ibn al-Muwaffaq defeated Khumarawayh, who fled to Egypt. However, Ibn al-Muwaffaq's army lost in

1595-582: The moshav ovdim ("laborers' moshav"): it was not based on collective ideology or settling national land. According to the 1931 census Ein Ganim had a population of 335 Jews, in 77 houses. In 1939, Ein Ganim officially became a neighborhood of Petah Tikva. 32°05′06″N 34°53′47″E  /  32.0851°N 34.8963°E  / 32.0851; 34.8963 Petah Tikva Petah Tikva ( Hebrew : פתח תקווה ‎ [ˈpetaχ ˈtikva] , lit.   ' Opening of Hope ' ), also known as Em HaMoshavot ( lit.   ' Mother of

1650-528: The 1930s, the pioneering founders of Kibbutz Yavneh from the Religious Zionist movement immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine , settling near Petah Tikva on land purchased by a Jewish-owned German company. Refining the agricultural skills they learned in Germany, these pioneers began in 1941 to build their kibbutz in its intended location in the south of Israel, operating from Petah Tikva as

1705-533: The Abu Hamed al-Masri clan. Petah Tikva was founded in 1878 by Jewish settlers from Europe, among them Yehoshua Stampfer , Moshe Shmuel Raab, Yoel Moshe Salomon , Zerach Barnett , and David Gutmann, as well as Lithuanian Rabbi Aryeh Leib Frumkin who built the first house. It was the first modern Jewish agricultural settlement in Ottoman Southern Syria (hence its nickname as "Mother of

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1760-511: The Austrian post office in Jaffa wanted to open a branch in Petah Tikva, Yitzchak Goldenhirsch, an early resident, offered his assistance on condition that the Austrian consulate issued a Hebrew stamp and a special postmark for Petah Tikva. The stamp was designed by an unknown artist featuring a plow, green fields and a blossoming orange tree. The price was 14 paras (a Turkish coin) and displayed

1815-650: The Beit Rivka Geriatric Center, the Kupat Holim Medical Research Center and a private hospital, Ramat Marpeh, affiliated with Assuta Hospital. The Schneider Pediatric Center is one of the largest and most modern children's hospitals in the Middle East. In addition, there are many family health clinics in Petah Tikva as well as Kupat Holim clinics operated by Israel's health maintenance organizations . The city

1870-541: The British authorities. In May 1921, Petah Tikva was the target of an Arab attack, which left four of its Jewish inhabitants dead–an extension of the Jaffa riots of 1921 . In 1927, Petah Tikva concluded a local peace treaty with the Arabs living nearby; subsequently, Petah Tikva was untouched by the 1929 Palestine riots . According to the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities , Petah Tikva had

1925-585: The Jaffa Electric Company as a potentially important consumer of electricity for irrigation. The Auja Concession, which was granted to the Jaffa Electric Company on 1921, specifically referred to the relatively large Jewish settlement of Petah-Tikva. But, it was only in late 1929 that the company submitted an irrigation scheme for Petah-Tikva, and it was yet to be approved by the government in 1930. In 1931, Ben Gurion wrote that Petah Tikva had 5000 inhabitants and employed 3000 Arab labourers. In

1980-907: The RABASH. Petah Tikva has two cemeteries: Segula Cemetery, east of the city, and Yarkon Cemetery, to the northeast. Six hospitals are located in the city. The Rabin Medical Center Beilinson complex includes the Beilinson Medical Center, the Davidoff Oncologic Center, the Geha Psychiatric Hospital, the Schneider Pediatric Hospital and Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Medical Research. Other medical facilities in Petah Tikva are HaSharon Hospital,

2035-691: The city is bordered by three of the major vehicle arteries in Israel: Geha Highway ( Highway 4 ) on the west, the Trans-Samaria Highway ( Highway 5 ) on the north, and the Trans-Israel Highway ( Highway 6 ) on the east. Santiago Calatrava 's bridge, a 50 metres (160 ft) long span Y-shaped cable-stayed pedestrian three-way bridge connecting Rabin Hospital to a shopping mall, a residential development and

2090-523: The company's administrative offices, distribution center and sauce factory. Strauss is also based in Petach Tikva. Over time, the extensive citrus groves that once ringed Petah Tikva have disappeared as real-estate developers acquired the land for construction projects. Many new neighborhoods are going up in and around Petah Tikva. A quarry for building stone is located east of Petah Tikva. As well as general hi-tech firms, Petah Tikva has developed

2145-624: The construction of modern sewage treatment plants in Hod Hasharon and Ramat Hasharon . The river was dredged to restore its original depth and natural flow. River banks were raised and reinforced, hiking and bicycling paths were built, and picnic and fishing areas were developed with the help of contributions from the Australian Jewish community via the Jewish National Fund . The Yarkon River Authority website has

2200-445: The east (named after the biblical village (Joshua 15:34)), Kiryat Matalon to the west, towards Bnei Brak , Kfar Ganim and Mahaneh Yehuda to the south and Kfar Avraham on the north–were merged into the municipal boundaries of Petah Tikva, boosting its population to 22,000. As of 2018, with a population of over 240,000 inhabitants, Petah Tikva is the third most populous city in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area ("Gush Dan"). Petah Tikva

2255-520: The horse and camel trade, from the world of the Ashkenazi Jewish colonists and that of the Eastern or Maghribi Jews , today called Mizrahi Jews . A malaria epidemic broke out in 1880, forcing the abandonment of the settlements on both holdings by 1881 or 1882. Those who remained in the area moved south to Yehud . After Petah Tikva was reoccupied by Bilu immigrants in 1883, some of

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2310-668: The industrial zones of Petah Tikva, which now house the Israeli headquarters for the Oracle Corporation , IBM , Intel , Alcatel-Lucent , ECI Telecom , and GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals. The largest data center in Israel, operated by the company TripleC, is also located in Petah Tikva. Furthermore, the Israeli Teva company, the world's largest generic drug manufacturer, is headquartered in Petah Tikva. One of Israel's leading food processing corporations, Osem opened in Petah Tikva in 1976 and has since been joined by

2365-458: The main one located in the city hall building. Some 70,000 Orthodox Jews live in Petah Tikva. The community of Petah Tikva is served by 300 synagogues, including the 120-year-old Great Synagogue , eight mikvaot (ritual baths) and two major Haredi yeshivot , Lomzhe Yeshiva and Or-Yisrael (founded by the Chazon Ish , Rabbi Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz). Yeshivat Hesder Petah Tikva ,

2420-543: The name 'Petah Tikva' in Hebrew letters. David Ben Gurion lived in Petah Tikva for a few months on his arrival in Palestine in 1906. It had a population of around 1000, half of them farmers. He found occasional work in the orange groves. But, he soon caught malaria and his doctor recommended he return to Europe. The following year, after moving to Jaffa , he set up a Jewish workers organisation in Petah Tikva. During

2475-509: The original families returned. With funding for swamp drainage provided by Baron Edmond de Rothschild , the colony became more stable. In March 1886, Arab peasants from Yahudiya attacked the Jewish colony, injuring 5, with one dying later, possibly due to aggravation of her preexisting condition. This was called the first violent clash in the Yishuv by Moshe Smilansky . Upon learning that

2530-401: The pioneers elected a council of seven members to run the new colony. From 1880 to 1921, members of the council were David Meir Guttman, Yehoshua Stampfer, Ze'ev Wolf Branda, Abraham Ze'ev Lipkis, Yitzhak Goldenhirsch, Chaim Cohen-Rice, Moshe Gissin, Shlomo Zalman Gissin and Akiva Librecht . This governing body was declared a local council in 1921, and Petah Tikva became a city in 1937. Kadima ,

2585-430: The plan to generate electricity by hydroelectric means never materialized, and instead the company designed and built a powerhouse that produced electricity by means of diesel-fueled engines. In 1930s, the British authorities in Palestine searched for an additional major water resource for the evolving city of Jerusalem . Two options were examined at the time: the Jordan River and the Yarkon River . The Jordan River

2640-412: The political party founded by former Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon , had its headquarters in Petah Tikva. Petah Tikva is home to 300 educational institutions from kindergarten through high school, catering to the secular, religious and Haredi populations. There are over 43,000 students enrolled in these schools, which are staffed by some 2,400 teachers. Petah Tikva has seventeen public libraries,

2695-480: The rivers, which allowed algae to multiply. Subsequent and ongoing cleanup projects, some government-run, some benefitting from financial aid from Jewish donors from Australia, and some with regional character supported by the NGO FoEME , helped improve the quality of the water. In 1988, the Yarkon River Authority was established to revitalize the river and make sections of it suitable for sailing, fishing, swimming and other recreation. Water quality improved after

2750-465: The southern border of the vilayet of Beirut . The Arabic name of the river, al-Auja ("the meandering one"), is shared with Wadi Auja , another small stream that flows into the Jordan Valley north of Jericho . During World War I this coincidence led to the term of "the line of the two Aujas" referring to a strategic line connecting the two river valleys and taken by the expeditionary forces of General Allenby during his early 1918 advance against

2805-422: The swampland. It was Qassar's that was purchased on July 30, 1878. Tayan's holdings were purchased when a second group of settlers, known as the Yarkonim, arrived in Petah Tikva the following year. Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II allowed the purchase because of the poor quality of the land. In a microhistorical anecdote of Petah Tikva, Yehuda Raab, one of the Hungarian settlers, recalls in his memoirs meeting

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2860-406: The town. Tell Mulabbis, an archaeological mound in modern Petah Tikva, is an important archaeological site from the Yarkon River basin, with habitation remains from the Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Late Ottoman periods. The place was inhabited sporadically, and was known in Arabic as Mulabbis , and was the site of a Palestinian village of the same name, inhabited by

2915-407: The village of Mulabes (or Umlabes). The land was owned by two Christian businessmen from Jaffa, Antoine Bishara Tayan and Selim Qassar, and was worked by some thirty tenant farmers. Tayan's property was the larger, some 8,500 dunams, but much of it was in the malarial swamp of the Yarkon Valley . Qassar's property, approximately 3,500 dunams, lay a few kilometers to the south of the Yarkon, away from

2970-412: Was flowing up to Sha'ar HaGai and then through additional pumps into the city of Jerusalem. The Rosh HaAyin springs were, during the period of the British Mandate in Palestine, the main and most important water resource of Jerusalem. They provided 13,000 cubic meters of water every day to the city residents. The river became increasingly polluted after the 1950s, many blaming this on the construction of

3025-437: Was formally signed on September 12, 1921. The Concession had authorized the company to generate electricity by means of hydroelectric turbines that would exploit the water power of the Yarkon River to supply electricity to the administrative District of Jaffa. The district comprised Jaffa, the oldest and at the time still most important town in the area, the fast growing town of Tel Aviv north of it, and other smaller locations. Yet

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