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30-557: In 1923 part of the community split off into Tel Yosef , and in 1952 the rest of the community split into Ein Harod (Ihud) and Ein Harod (Meuhad) . It was named after the nearby spring then known in Arabic as Ain Jalut, "Spring of Goliath", Hebraized as "Ein Harod", now Ma'ayan Harod . It was built on land formerly belonging to the villages of Qumya and Tamra . The original kibbutz

60-692: A camp site for the pioneers of Beit HaShita and Dovrat before their departure to their permanent locations. According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities , Ein Harod had a population of 244 Jews. In 1924, the Ein Harod group was joined by members of the Havurat HaEmek group. In 1925, under the leadership of Yitzhak Tabenkin , Ein Harod became the center of countrywide kibbutz movement joined by members of Yagur , Ashdot Yaakov and Ayelet HaShahar , forming

90-552: A compromise with the Revisionist Zionists . In 1944 he led the "Bet" Faction that split from Mapai and created the new "Ahdut HaAvoda" party. In 1948 he was one of the founders of the more pro- Soviet Mapam , and was elected to the first Knesset in 1949. In 1954 he resigned from Mapam along with Ahdut HaAvoda over the issue of relationships with the Soviet Union and remained the leader of Ahdut HaAvoda until

120-712: A secular education. His father abandoned Orthodox Judaism as a young man, turning to radical politics. He served time as a political prisoner . His mother, meanwhile, was involved in Poland’s revolutionary intelligentsia. Tabenkin was among the founders of Poale Zion in Poland . He cited Karl Marx and Haim Nahman Bialik as influences. He was also influenced by Peter Kropotkin and Mikhail Bakunin . In 1912, he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine , where he worked as an agricultural laborer in Merhavia and Kfar Uria . During

150-587: A small village in the area. In 1921, when the land was sold by the Sursocks, the nine families who lived here petitioned the new British administration for perpetual ownership, but were only offered a short lease with an option to buy, and the land was instead acquired by the Jewish community as part of the Sursock Purchases . Named the " Nuris Bloc" after a nearby Arab village, the area was bought by

180-596: Is a kibbutz in north-eastern Israel . Located in the Jezreel Valley , it falls under the jurisdiction of Gilboa Regional Council . In 2022 it had a population of 586. In 1921, members of the Gdud HaAvoda "Work Battalion", at a time when their road work was decreasing, set up a work camp in the Harod Valley , the eastern extension of the Jezreel Valley , at the foot of Mount Gilboa . The kibbutz

210-420: The 1929 Palestine riots , the members chose to move their camp from the area of the spring to the hill of Qumya , next to Tel Yosef and thus the settlement at the spring was abandoned. Two-thirds of the group are believed to have resettled at Tel Yosef. While it's sometimes considered that Ein Ḥarod was founded in 1921 and Tel Yosef in 1923, together they formed one farming unit. The spring continued to be used as

240-589: The First World War , he worked on the Kinneret Farm . He was a delegate to every Zionist Congress after the war. He joined the defense organization HaShomer . He was a member of the "Non-Party" workers group and was active in agricultural laborers organizations in what would later be called the West Bank . In 1921 he joined Joseph Trumpeldor 's Work Battalion ( Gdud HaAvoda ) and became one of

270-572: The Irgun during the Season . However, on 29 June 1946, as part of Operation Agatha , the British army occupied the kibbutz by force. By 1947 it had a population of 1,120. In 1949, the village of Gidona was also established near to the spring for Jewish immigrants from Yemen . In 1952, in the wake of ideological differences between supporters of the two main socialist parties, Mapai and Mapam ,

300-677: The Jordan Valley is named after him. Yitzhak Tabenkin's son, Joseph Tabenkin , became the Fourth Battalion commander of the Palmach 's Harel Brigade . Tabenkin was one of the founders of Ahdut HaAvoda . In 1930, he became one of the founders of Mapai and one of its leaders along with David Ben-Gurion and Berl Katznelson . He opposed the Peel Commission 's recommendations and any of Ben-Gurion's attempts to reach

330-537: The Second Aliyah , former members of Hashomer and Kvutzat Kinneret , and the other from the Third Aliyah . In the first months, the settlers sowed fields, planted a eucalyptus grove, paved roads and dried swamps. A young Jewish engineer arrived, explaining the major and minor canals of the valley. A team of surveyors then designated which major and minor canals would be dug. The canals were then dug by

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360-574: The Zionist activist Yehoshua Hankin through the Palestine Land Development Company . The kibbutz was founded in 1921 by Russian Jewish pioneers of the Third Aliyah . In 1921, members of the Gdud HaAvoda "Work Battalion", at a time when their road work was decreasing, set up a work camp in the Harod Valley , the eastern extension of the Jezreel Valley , at the foot of Mount Gilboa . In 1921, 35 young people from

390-678: The "Whole Land of Israel ". He regarded the political borders of the Middle East following the partition of the Ottoman Empire as imposed by European imperialism. He expressed a vision of the entire Jewish people living in communes as part of a "worldwide alliance of communist peoples". He referred to the Great Revolt as an event that perpetuated the Jewish national existence. He lived at Ein Harod until his death. Moshav Yitav (a Hebrew acronym for "Yad Yitzhak Tabenkin") in

420-526: The Gdud on the hill of Qumya . Disagreements on funds and internal politics have led Ein Harod and Tel Yosef to part ways in 1923, with many members leaving the former for the latter. The group that remained in Ein Harod included 110 members and was headed by Lavi, Yitzhak Tabenkin , Aharon Zisling and David Maletz . The group at Ein Harod continued to get little support from the Zionist organizations and after

450-653: The Gdud pitched tents at the Harod Spring . Shlomo Lavi , among the leaders of the Gdud, had envisioned the "Big Kvutza ", a settlement consisting of several farms spread on vast terrain with both agriculture and industry. His plan was approved by the World Zionist Organization , but with some limitations on his detailed vision. The Gdud began this settlement near the Ain Jalut which was known to Jews as Ein Harod. Yehuda Kopolevitz Almog, one of

480-581: The Gdud's leaders, describes that in the first day the settlers set up tents and began enclosing their camp with barbwire and defensive trenches. The group began to farm land which the Palestine Land Development Company had purchased from the Arab village of Nuris , in the eastern part of the Jezreel Valley. The Gdud members worked here at draining the swamps, a permanent source of malaria . The first 74 members pioneers were split into two groups. One of

510-478: The Labor Brigade pioneers. Clay pipes are laid that absorb the infested waters of the marshes. The draining project dried the swamps, largely eliminating the mosquitoes and the scourge of malaria . In their place fertile fields emerged. An Ulpan , a school for learning Hebrew was set up in the camp. In December 1921, a second farm called Tel Yosef (after Joseph Trumpeldor ) was established by members of

540-583: The basis of HaKibbutz HaMeuhad . Ein Harod became the organizational headquarters of the movement. In 1926, during a breakup of the Gdud HaAvoda along ideological faultlines separating the Marxists from the more moderate leftists, Ein Harod and Tel Yosef ceased their close cooperation. On 17 April 1926, the Jewish American violinist, Jascha Heifetz performed for the pioneers at a concert in

570-536: The country's integrity". After the Six-Day War of 1967, he opposed any territorial concession. He considered the addition of over a million Arabs to Israel's population a problem that could be solved by a massive aliyah . He believed Israel's victory would awaken the Jewish Diaspora and joined the " Movement for Greater Israel ". A collection of Yitzhak Tabenkin's personal papers and correspondence

600-411: The early years of the kibbutz in the belief that culture and art were among the essential components of a society. The artworks were initially displayed in the art studio owned by Haim Atar, a small wooden hut. A new, imposing, museum building, designed by an architect Samuel Bickels  [ he ] , was inaugurated in 1948. During construction of the museum, the 1952 Mapai/Mapam split happened, but

630-885: The establishment of the Labor Party in 1968. He was reelected to the third Knesset in 1955. After the Sinai War of 1956, he opposed Israel's withdrawal and compared it to the Munich Agreement . He said Israel's right to the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip was derived from the Ten Commandments and the blood of the soldiers killed in the war. During the 1960s, he maintained that the 1949 Armistice Agreements would not last. In June 1966, he said "Anywhere war will allow, we shall go to restore

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660-449: The founders of the first kibbutz proper (as opposed to smaller-scale kvutza ), Ein Harod , which later became the center of the kibbutz movement , where he was considered a spiritual leader. He went on a mission on behalf of " Hechalutz " to Poland to encourage emigration to Palestine ( aliyah ). He disapproved of the idea of Jewish statehood and advocated a "bottom up" approach to Jewish socialism. He believed this should be achieved in

690-662: The kibbutz built the country's first commercial fishponds. Yitzhak Tabenkin Yitzhak Tabenkin ( Hebrew : יצחק טבנקין ‎, 8 January 1888 – 6 June 1971) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician. He was one of the founders of the kibbutz Movement . Yitzchak Tabenkin was born in Babruysk in the Russian Empire (now Belarus ) in 1888. He attended a cheder in Warsaw and later continued with

720-551: The kibbutz split, creating two separate kibbutzim: Ein Harod (Ihud) , affiliated with Mapai and belonging to Ihud HaKvutzot veHaKibbutzim ; and Ein Harod (Meuhad) , affiliated with Mapam and belonging to HaKibbutz HaMeuhad . Today both kibbutzim belong to the United Kibbutz Movement . Mishkan Museum of Art is one of the first art museums in Israel. The museum was founded in 1937 as an "art corner" during

750-611: The kibbutz. In 1930, when the collective moved to a permanent location at the foot of Kumi Hill, the kibbutz had 239 members. The village played an important role in the defence of the area during the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine , known by the Jews of the era as "the disturbances," during which it was the base of Orde Wingate's Special Night Squads . In 1945 the Haganah had a small prison there in which they detained members of

780-582: The museum was preserved as the joint institution for the split kibbuzim. The museum was declared as a "heritage site" by the Council for Conservation of Heritage Sites in Israel . Beit Shturman Museum  [ he ] houses a collection of archaeology and artifacts related to local history of the area. 32°33′37″N 35°23′27″E  /  32.56028°N 35.39083°E  / 32.56028; 35.39083 Tel Yosef Tel Yosef ( Hebrew : תֵּל יוֹסֵף , lit.   'Yosef Mound')

810-493: The time of the 1931 census , Tel Yosef had 72 occupied houses and a population of 261, all Jews. At its height, the kibbutz had 600 members. In the early 1950s, an ideological dispute headed by Yitzhak Tabenkin led to a split in which 250 members joined the neighboring kibbutz, Beit HaShita . Supporters of David Ben-Gurion remained at Tel Yosef. The first citrus crop was planted in 1931. In 1936, Tnuva opened its first dairy at Tel Yosef, specializing in hard cheeses. In 1942,

840-467: Was established on Sheikh Hassan hill in the same year the work battalion members, and was named after Joseph Trumpeldor . Members worked at draining the swamps, a permanent source of malaria . The Tel Yosef- Ein Harod group split in July 1923 over differences concerning economic autonomy, with two-thirds of the group settling Tel Yosef and the rest, Ein Harod. While it's sometimes considered that Ein Harod

870-423: Was founded in 1921 and Tel Yosef in 1923, the fact remains that together they formed one farming unit. In 1926, during a breakup of the Gdud HaAvoda along ideological faultlines separating the Marxists from the more moderate leftists, Ein Harod and Tel Yosef ceased their close cooperation. According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities , Tel Yosef had a population of 112 Jews. At

900-671: Was located near the 1260 battlefield of Ayn Jalut , a battle in which the Mongols suffered their first defeat at the hands of the Mamluks , which arguably saved the Mamluk sultanate from annihilation. In the early 20th century the spring and the surrounding area were owned by the Sursock family from Beirut , which had bought the land from the Ottoman government in 1872 and who established

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