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20-562: Einaudi is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include: Luigi Einaudi (1874–1961), Italian politician Mario Einaudi (1904–1994), Italian political scientist, son of Luigi Giulio Einaudi (1912–1999), Italian publisher, son of Luigi and father of Ludovico Giulio Einaudi (prelate) (1928–2017), Italian Roman Catholic archbishop and diplomat, Apostolic Nuncio Luigi R. Einaudi (born 1936), American diplomat Ludovico Einaudi (born 1955), Italian pianist and composer, son of

40-713: Is named after him. Additionally, Mario founded the Fondazione Luigi Einaudi in Turin in honour of his father. The Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), a research centre of the Bank of Italy , is named after Luigi Einaudi. Einaudi died in Rome on 30 October 1961 at the age of 87. Senate of the Kingdom of Italy The Senate of the Kingdom of Italy rose to national prominence in 1860, following

60-723: The American Philosophical Society in 1947. On 11 May 1948, he was elected the second President of the Italian Republic . At the end of the seven-year term of office in 1955, he became a Life Senator . Einaudi was a member of numerous cultural, economic and university institutions. A staunch liberal in the European, libertarian sense (he invented the Italian term " liberismo " to mean economic liberalism , arguing with Benedetto Croce ), he

80-708: The Consulta Nazionale which opened the way to the new Parliament of the Italian Republic after World War II . Later he was Minister of Finances, Treasury and Balance , as well as Vice-Premier, in 1947–48. He was also a member of the neo-liberal think tank the Mont Pelerin Society . Einaudi was elected an International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1935 and an International Member of

100-652: The Fascist regime, resuming his professional relationship with the Corriere della Sera after the fall of the regime in 1943. After the Armistice (8 September 1943) he fled to Switzerland, returning to Italy in 1944. In Switzerland, Einaudi worked at the Geneva Graduate Institute . Einaudi was Governor of the Bank of Italy from 5 January 1945 until 11 May 1948, and was also a founding member of

120-958: The Unification of Italy , as the direct successor of the Subalpine Senate of the Kingdom of Sardinia , with the addition of members drawn from the territories obtained during the Second Italian War of Independence and the Expedition of the Thousand . The Senate was initially based at the Palazzo Madama in Turin until 1864, when it was moved to the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence . Finally, in 1871, it

140-450: The head of state ; however, unlike in the Kingdom, such members hold just five seats, with the other 200 being reserved for senators elected by universal direct suffrage. The king appointed the senators of the Kingdom ad vitam (for life). They were entitled to slightly higher honours than the elected deputies of the lower house. In time, although remaining formally a royal power, the appointment of senators came to be carried out largely on

160-513: The Regia School of Commerce in Turin, where she met her future husband, who was her professor at the time. Their son Giulio became a prominent Italian publisher, and their grandson Ludovico is a neo-Classical musician. Their son Roberto, a mechanical engineer, continued to cultivate his father's beloved winery. Their son Mario was a Cornell University professor and active anti-fascist. The Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies

180-461: The Senate. When Fascism fell on 25 July 1943, King Victor Emmanuel III appointed Paolo Thaon di Revel as the president of the Senate, who he entered office on 2 August 1943. On 20 July 1944, Pietro Tomasi Della Torretta was appointed as the final president of the Senate, an office which he retained until 25 June 1946. In August 1944, all "Senators responsible for maintaining Fascism and enabling

200-563: The early 20th century, Einaudi moved increasingly towards a more conservative stance. In 1919 he was named Senator of the Kingdom of Italy. He also worked as a journalist for important Italian newspapers such as La Stampa and Il Corriere della Sera , as well as being financial correspondent for The Economist . In 1925, he signed the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals Manifesto . As an anti-fascist , he stopped working for Italian newspapers from 1926, under

220-668: The final years of the Fascist government. During the Fascist period, the Senate contained several Fascist members, but because senators held office for life, it had remained somewhat outside the Party 's state system and so, over time, it was pushed ever further to the margins of political life. The Senate of the Kingdom was the inspiration for the current Senate of the Republic , which came into existence on 1 January 1948. The present-day Italian Senate still has members for life appointed by

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240-522: The institutional logo. The cartoon was judged a lèse-majesté by a court of the time, and Giovannino Guareschi , the director of the magazine, was held responsible and sentenced. Einaudi married Countess Ida Pellegrini (1885-1968) on 19 December 1903. Pellegrini was born in Pescantina in 1885 into a family of the Veronese aristocracy, as she was the daughter of Count Giulio Pellegrini. She attended

260-672: The magazine Critica sociale , directed by the socialist leader Filippo Turati . In 1895, after overcoming financial difficulties, he graduated in jurisprudence, and was later appointed as a professor in the University of Turin , the Polytechnic University of Turin and the Bocconi University of Milan . As an economist, Einaudi belonged to the classical school of economics in addition to Pietro Campilli , Epicarmo Corbino and Gustavo Del Vecchio . From

280-487: The person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Einaudi&oldid=1243416066 " Categories : Surnames Italian-language surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Luigi Einaudi Luigi Numa Lorenzo Einaudi OMRI ( Italian: [luˈiːdʒi eiˈnaudi] ; 24 March 1874 – 30 October 1961)

300-555: The publisher Giulio See also [ edit ] Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance , in Rome Giulio Einaudi Editore , a publishing house founded by Giulio, now an imprint of Arnoldo Mondadori Editore Reinaudi (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Einaudi . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding

320-479: The recommendations of the prime minister , who was always in a position to influence the decisions of the king and to enhance support for the government in the Senate through the appointment of "batches" of senators. Under Article 33 of the Albertine Statute , the number of senators was not limited, but they had to be over forty years of age and drawn from one of the following categories: Male members of

340-531: The war, through their votes and their individual actions, including propaganda carried out within or without the Senate" were dismissed from office. Following the 1946 institutional referendum and the election of the Constituent Assembly , the Senate of the Kingdom ceased to function on 25 June 1946. It was formally suppressed on 7 November 1947, thus bringing the Senate to extinction, although in fact it had lost almost all its limited power during

360-539: Was a supporter of the idea of European Federalism . Einaudi personally managed the activities of his farm near Dogliani , which produced Nebbiolo wine , and he boasted to be using the most advanced agricultural developments. In 1950, the monarchist satirical magazine Candido published a cartoon in which Einaudi was at the Quirinal Palace , surrounded by a presidential guard of honour (the corazzieri ) of giant bottles of Nebbiolo wine, each labelled with

380-492: Was an Italian politician and economist. He served as the president of Italy from 1948 to 1955 and is considered one of the founding fathers of the Italian Republic . Einaudi was born to Lorenzo and Placida Fracchia in Carrù , in the province of Cuneo , Piedmont . In Turin he attended Liceo classico Cavour and completed his university studies; in the same years he became acquainted with socialist ideas and collaborated with

400-571: Was moved to the Palazzo Madama in Rome. During the fascist regime , there was no "fascistisation" ( fascistizzazione ) of the Senate equivalent to that carried out in the lower house . Members of the Senate appointed before the March on Rome , such as Luigi Einaudi and Benedetto Croce , retained their seats in the Senate. However, in 1939, when the lower house was transformed into the Chamber of Fasces and Corporations , 211 new members were added to

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