38-591: The Eisenhower Tree was a loblolly pine located on the Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia . In the 1950s it was named after U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower who unsuccessfully lobbied to have it taken down after it interfered with his golf game. Due to its size, history, and location on a prominent golf course, it is considered iconic of the Augusta golf course and is one of
76-413: A diameter of 0.4–1.5 m (1.3–4.9 ft). Exceptional specimens may reach 50 m (160 ft) tall, the largest of the southern pines. Its needles are in bundles of three, sometimes twisted, and measure 12–22 centimeters ( 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 – 8 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches) long, an intermediate length for southern pines, shorter than those of the longleaf pine or slash pine , but longer than those of
114-564: A means to evaluate soil fertility and vigour of the trees. The bark of most pines is thick and scaly, but some species have thin, flaky bark. The branches are produced in "pseudo whorls", actually a very tight spiral but appearing like a ring of branches arising from the same point. Many pines are uninodal, producing just one such whorl of branches each year, from buds at the tip of the year's new shoot , but others are multinodal, producing two or more whorls of branches per year. Pines have four types of leaf : Pines are monoecious , having
152-726: A pot". In the southern United States, the word is used to mean "a mudhole; a mire," a sense derived from an allusion to the consistency of porridge. Hence, the pine is named as it is generally found in lowlands and swampy areas. Loblolly pines grow well in acidic clay soil, which is common throughout the South, thus are often found in large stands in rural places. Other old names, now rarely used, include oldfield pine due to its status as an early colonizer of abandoned fields; bull pine due to its size (several other yellow pines are also often so named, especially large isolated specimens); rosemary pine due to loblolly's distinctive fragrance compared to
190-434: A sharp spine 3 to 6 millimeters ( 1 ⁄ 8 to 1 ⁄ 4 in) long. Bark is reddish brown and deeply fissured into irregular, broad, scaly plates on older trees. Branches are reddish-brown to dark yellowish brown. Loblolly pines are one of the fastest growing pines making it a valuable species in the lumber industry. The lumber marketed as yellow pine lumber and similar usage to other southern pines such as
228-541: Is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus ( / ˈ p aɪ n ə s / ) of the family Pinaceae . Pinus is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae . World Flora Online accepts 187 species names of pines as current, with additional synonyms, making it the largest family among the conifers. The American Conifer Society (ACS) and the Royal Horticultural Society accept 121 species. The highest species diversity of pines
266-496: Is estimated at 50,172, of which 15,653 are already confirmed. Most of the genes are duplicates . Some genes have the longest introns observed among fully sequenced plant genomes. Gymnosperms are predominantly outcrossing , but lack genetic self-incompatibility . Loblolly pine, like most gymnosperms, exhibits high levels of inbreeding depression , especially in the embryonic stage. The loblolly pine harbors an average load of at least eight lethal equivalents. A lethal equivalent
304-802: Is found in Mexico. Pines are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere ; they occupy large areas of boreal forest , but are found in many habitats, including the Mediterranean Basin . The timber from pine trees is called "pine"; it is one of the most extensively used types of timber. There are currently 818 named cultivars (or trinomials ) recognized by the ACS. It is a well-known type of Christmas tree . Pine trees are evergreen , coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs ) growing 3–80 metres (10–260 feet) tall, with
342-449: Is now restricted to fir ( Abies ) and Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga ). Pines are gymnosperms . The genus is divided into two subgenera based on the number of fibrovascular bundles in the needle. The subgenera can be distinguished by cone, seed, and leaf characters: Phylogenetic evidence indicates that both subgenera have a very ancient divergence from one another. Each subgenus is further divided into sections and subsections. Many of
380-801: Is one of the world's oldest living organisms at around 4,800 years old. This tree can be found in the White Mountains of California. An older tree, now cut down, was dated at 4,900 years old. It was discovered in a grove beneath Wheeler Peak and it is now known as " Prometheus " after the Greek immortal . The spiral growth of branches, needles, and cones scales are arranged in Fibonacci number ratios. The new spring shoots are sometimes called "candles"; they are covered in brown or whitish bud scales and point upward at first, then later turn green and spread outward. These "candles" offer foresters
418-652: Is the largest genus of the Pinaceae , the pine family, which first appeared in the Jurassic period. Based on recent Transcriptome analysis, Pinus is most closely related to the genus Cathaya , which in turn is closely related to spruces . These genera, with firs and larches , form the pinoid clade of the Pinaceae. Pines first appeared during the Early Cretaceous, with the oldest verified fossil of
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#1732780226075456-413: Is the number of deleterious genes per haploid genome whose cumulative effect is the equivalent of one lethal gene. The presence of at least eight lethal equivalents implies substantial inbreeding depression upon self-fertilization. Pine See List of Pinus species for complete taxonomy to species level. See list of pines by region for list of species by geographic distribution . A pine
494-556: Is the second-most common species of tree in the United States , after red maple . For its timber , the pine species is regarded as the most commercially important tree in the Southeastern U.S. The common name loblolly is given because the pine species is found mostly in lowlands and swampy areas. Loblolly pine is the first among over 100 species of Pinus to have its complete genome sequenced . As of March 2014, it
532-568: The Apollo 14 flight. On its return, the seeds were planted in several locations in the US, including the grounds of the White House . As of 2016 , a number of these moon trees remain alive. Pines are the most common conifers and the genus Pinus consists of more than 100 species. Sequencing of their genomes remained a huge challenge because of the high complexity and size. Loblolly pine became
570-432: The first successful hydrogen bomb test had been held, a secret meeting was held in the manager's office within the clubhouse at Augusta National. But as much as he liked Augusta National, Eisenhower hit the tree on the 17th fairway while playing golf so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not wanting to offend the president, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts , immediately adjourned
608-657: The shortleaf pine and spruce pine . The needles usually last up to two years before they fall, which gives the species its evergreen character. Needles are yellowish-green to grayish green. Although some needles fall throughout the year due to severe weather, insect damage, and drought, most needles fall during the autumn and winter of their second year. The seed cones are green, ripening pale buff-brown, 7–13 cm ( 2 + 3 ⁄ 4 –5 in) in length, 2–3 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) broad when closed, opening to 4–6 cm ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) wide, each scale bearing
646-430: The "Lost Ball Incident". The ball could not be located and a drop was given. The next day according to Aaron, while playing on the 17th again, the ball apparently fell from its perch within the tree. Jack Nicklaus stated "I'm not sure I believe it." When the course was redesigned in 1999 to be more challenging, there were concerns about the tree blocking players but it proved not to be a hindrance. In 2011, Tiger Woods
684-665: The Indo-European base *pīt- ‘resin’ (source of English pituitary ). Before the 19th century, pines were often referred to as firs (from Old Norse fura , by way of Middle English firre ). In some European languages, Germanic cognates of the Old Norse name are still in use for pines — in Danish fyr , in Norwegian fura/fure/furu , Swedish fura/furu , Dutch vuren , and German Föhre — but in modern English, fir
722-621: The best arborists available and … were advised that no recovery was possible." The storm occurred two months before the Masters Tournament. A remnant of the tree was donated to the Eisenhower Presidential Library in Abilene, Kansas and is on display. The loss of the tree brought tributes. Jack Nicklaus said, "The Eisenhower Tree is such an iconic fixture and symbol of tradition at Augusta National. It
760-430: The first species with its complete genome sequenced. This was the largest genome assembled until 2018, when the axolotl genome (32Gb) was assembled. The loblolly pine genome is made up of 22.18 billion base pairs, which is more than seven times that of humans. Conifer genomes are known to be full of repetitive DNA , which make up 82% of the genome in loblolly pine (compared to only 50% in humans). The number of genes
798-784: The generally fast-growing southern pines. The yellowish, resinous wood is prized for lumber, but is also used for wood pulp . This tree is commercially grown in extensive plantations . Loblolly pine is the pine of the Lost Pines Forest around Bastrop, Texas , and in McKinney Roughs Nature Park along the Texas Colorado River . These are isolated populations on areas of acidic sandy soil, surrounded by alkaline clays that are poor for pine growth. A study using loblolly pines showed that higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels may help
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#1732780226075836-562: The genus being Pinus yorkshirensis from the Hauterivian - Barremian boundary (~130-125 million years ago) from the Speeton Clay , England. The evolutionary history of the genus Pinus has been complicated by hybridization . Pines are prone to inter-specific breeding. Wind pollination, long life spans, overlapping generations, large population size, and weak reproductive isolation make breeding across species more likely. As
874-586: The majority of species reaching 15–45 m (50–150 ft) tall. The smallest are Siberian dwarf pine and Potosi pinyon , and the tallest is an 83.45 m (273.8 ft) tall sugar pine located in Yosemite National Park . Pines are long lived and typically reach ages of 100–1,000 years, some even more. The longest-lived is the Great Basin bristlecone pine ( P. longaeva ). One individual of this species, dubbed " Methuselah ",
912-507: The male and female cones on the same tree. The male cones are small, typically 1–5 cm long, and only present for a short period (usually in spring, though autumn in a few pines), falling as soon as they have shed their pollen . The female cones take 1.5–3 years (depending on species) to mature after pollination , with actual fertilization delayed one year. At maturity the female cones are 3–60 cm long. Each cone has numerous spirally arranged scales, with two seeds on each fertile scale;
950-484: The meeting rather than reject the request. The tree was linked to Eisenhower ever since; when Eisenhower ran for President, there were bumper-stickers that read " Ben Hogan For President. If We're Going To Have A Golfer--Let's Have A Good One!" The Eisenhower Tree has played a prominent role in the annual Masters Tournament . One year, the Tree came into play as Tommy Aaron hit a shot off the 17th tee which became known as
988-588: The more stronger Longleaf and Shortleaf pines. They are also used as pulpwood. It grows at an average of 2 feet per year. The tallest loblolly pine currently known, which is 51.4 m (169 ft) tall, and the largest, which measures 42 cubic meters (1,500 cubic feet) in volume, are in Congaree National Park . The word "loblolly" is a combination of "lob", referring to thick, heavy bubbling of cooking porridge , and "lolly", an old British dialect word for "broth, soup, or any other food boiled in
1026-589: The most famous trees in American golf. It was called "among the most famous landmarks in golf" by Cindy Boren in The Washington Post and "arguably the most famous tree in golf" by Martin Dempster of The Scotsman . In February 2014, the tree was removed after suffering extensive damage from a major ice storm. The tree species was a native loblolly pine. It stood about 65 feet (20 m) tall and
1064-528: The other southern pines; and North Carolina pine. For the scientific name , Pinus is the Latin name for the pines and taeda refers to the resinous wood. With the advent of wildfire suppression , loblolly pine has become prevalent in some parts of the Deep South that were once dominated by longleaf pine and, especially in northern Florida , slash pine . Its rate of growth is rapid, even among
1102-484: The request outright. In February 2014, an ice storm severely damaged the Eisenhower Tree. The opinion of arborists was that the tree could not be saved and should be removed, which it subsequently was. The "Morris Pine" is located in southeastern Arkansas; it is over 300 years old with a diameter of 142 cm (56 in) and a height of 35.7 m (117 ft). Loblolly pine seeds were carried aboard
1140-453: The scales at the base and tip of the cone are small and sterile, without seeds. The seeds are mostly small and winged, and are anemophilous (wind-dispersed), but some are larger and have only a vestigial wing, and are bird -dispersed. Female cones are woody and sometimes armed to protect developing seeds from foragers. At maturity, the cones usually open to release the seeds. In some of the bird-dispersed species, for example whitebark pine ,
1178-469: The seeds are only released by the bird breaking the cones open. In others, the seeds are stored in closed cones for many years until an environmental cue triggers the cones to open, releasing the seeds. This is called serotiny . The most common form of serotiny is pyriscence, in which a resin binds the cones shut until melted by a forest fire, for example in P. rigida . The modern English name "pine" derives from Latin pinus , which some have traced to
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1216-422: The smaller groups of Pinus are composed of closely related species with recent divergence and history of hybridization. This results in low morphological and genetic differences. This, coupled with low sampling and underdeveloped genetic techniques, has made taxonomy difficult to determine. Recent research using large genetic datasets has clarified these relationships into the groupings we recognize today. Pinus
1254-486: The trees to endure ice storms better. The famous " Eisenhower Tree " on the 17th hole of Augusta National Golf Club was a loblolly pine. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower , an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not wanting to offend the President, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts, immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject
1292-505: Was planted a number of years ago. This tree was also removed due to the ice storm. Pinus taeda Pinus taeda , commonly known as loblolly pine , is one of several pines native to the Southeastern United States , from East Texas to Florida , and north to southern New Jersey . The wood industry classifies the species as a southern yellow pine . U.S. Forest Service surveys found that loblolly pine
1330-526: Was playing a shot from underneath the Eisenhower and damaged his left knee and Achilles tendon when he slipped on some pine straw. The injuries sidelined him until August 2011 and his world ranking dropped to 58th. In February 2014, the Eisenhower Tree was removed after suffering extensive damage during a major ice storm . "The loss of the Eisenhower Tree is difficult news to accept", Augusta National chairman Billy Payne said. "We obtained opinions from
1368-475: Was such an integral part of the game and one that will be sorely missed." There is another tree named after Eisenhower, located at Dalmeny Golf Club in Scotland , planted by the President during a visit to Edinburgh to receive the freedom of the city in 1946. On hearing of the death in Augusta, the club offered to provide an acorn to plant a new oak tree. A few yards beyond the Eisenhower Tree, another tree
1406-409: Was the organism having the largest sequenced genome size. Its genome, with 22 billion base pairs , is seven times larger than that of humans . As of 2018, assembly of the axolotl genome (32Gb) displaced loblolly pine as the largest assembled genome. The loblolly pine was selected as the official state tree of Arkansas in 1939. Loblolly pine can reach a height of 30–35 meters (98–115 feet) with
1444-687: Was wider than is typical. It was located on the 17th hole at the Augusta National Golf Club, approximately 210 yards (190 m) from the Masters tee on the left side of the fairway . It was estimated to be 100 to 125 years old at the time it died. Eisenhower was an Augusta National member who spent considerable time at the club. Indeed, in November 1952 when President-elect Eisenhower needed to be briefed by an atomic energy official on highly classified nuclear matters, including that
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