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Action fiction is a genre in literature that focuses on stories involving high-stakes, high-energy, and fast-paced events. This genre includes a wide range of subgenres, such as spy novels , adventure stories, tales of terror, intrigue (" cloak and dagger "), and mysteries . These kinds of stories utilize suspense , the tension that is built up when the reader wishes to know how the conflict between the protagonist and antagonist is going to be resolved or the solution to a mystery of a thriller .

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50-571: El Rey Network (Spanish for The King ) is a media brand founded by Robert Rodriguez on December 15, 2013, that is currently owned in a joint venture with FactoryMade Ventures . Until December 31, 2020, El Rey was a cable and satellite network, operated and distributed in-partnership with Univision Communications (now known as TelevisaUnivision ), dedicated to exploitation -style programming targeting English-speaking Hispanic audiences. By March 2015, approximately 40 million households received El Rey; its carriage would fall to 13 million households by

100-651: A "dalliance" with actress Rose McGowan during the shooting of Grindhouse . In October 2007, Elle Magazine revealed that Rodriguez had cast McGowan in the title role in his remake of Barbarella . They split up in October 2009. In October 2010, he walked Alexa Vega ( Carmen Cortez in Spy Kids series) down the aisle at her wedding to producer Sean Covel . In March 2014, Rodriguez showed his collection of Frank Frazetta original paintings in Austin, Texas , during

150-634: A Time in Mexico and Spy Kids , where Trejo first appeared as Machete. Although originally announced to be released direct-to-DVD as an extra on the Planet Terror DVD, the film was produced as a theatrical release. According to Rodriguez, the origins of the film go back to Desperado . He says, "When I met Danny, I said, 'This guy should be like the Mexican Jean-Claude Van Damme or Charles Bronson , putting out

200-676: A Time in Mexico , which completed the Mexico Trilogy (also called the Mariachi Trilogy). He operates a production company called Troublemaker Studios , formerly Los Hooligans Productions. Rodriguez co-directed Sin City (2005), an adaptation of the comic books by Frank Miller ; Quentin Tarantino guest-directed a scene. During production in 2004, Rodriguez insisted Miller be credited as co-director, because he considered

250-598: A Time in Mexico , for instance, is "shot, chopped, and scored by Robert Rodriguez", and Sin City is "shot and cut by Robert Rodriguez". He calls his style of making movies "Mariachi-style" (in reference to his first feature film El Mariachi ) in which (according to the back cover of his book Rebel Without a Crew ) "Creativity, not money, is used to solve problems." He prefers to work at night, spending his day-time hours with his kids, when they're home, and says that he believes many creative people are " night people ". In his book The DV Rebel's Guide , Stu Maschwitz coined

300-464: A box office success, particularly for a hyperviolent comic book adaptation that did not have name recognition comparable to the X-Men or Spider-Man . He has an interest in adapting all of Miller's Sin City comic books. Rodriguez released The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 2005, a superhero-kid movie intended for the same younger audiences as his Spy Kids series. Sharkboy and Lavagirl

350-488: A career when Rodriguez landed a deal with Columbia Pictures where Huang was an employee. In May 2007, it was announced that Rodriguez had signed on to direct a remake of Barbarella for a 2008 release. At the 2007 Comic-Con convention, actress Rosario Dawson announced that because of Barbarella , production of Sin City: A Dame to Kill For would be put on hold. She also announced that she would be playing an amazon in

400-423: A live-action remake of Fire and Ice , a 1983 film collaboration between painter Frank Frazetta and animator Ralph Bakshi . The deal was closed shortly after Frazetta's death. In 2011, Rodriguez announced at Comic-Con that he had purchased the film rights to Heavy Metal and planned to develop a new animated film at the new Quick Draw Studios. In November 2015, it was announced that Rodriguez directed

450-422: A local film contest earned him a spot in the university's film program. There he made the award-winning 16 mm short Bedhead (1991). The film chronicles the amusing misadventures of a young girl whose older brother sports an incredibly tangled mess of hair which she detests. Even at this early stage, Rodriguez's trademark style began to emerge: quick cuts, intense zooms, and fast camera movements deployed with

500-480: A movie every year and his name should be Machete.' So I decided to do that way back when, never got around to it until finally now. So now, of course, I want to keep going and do a feature." In an interview with Rolling Stone magazine, Rodriguez said that he wrote the screenplay back in 1993 when he cast Trejo in Desperado . "So I wrote him this idea of a federale from Mexico who gets hired to do hatchet jobs in

550-616: A movie without reading this book! Robert Rodriguez has brought a number of his favorite and most influential directors on his television show, The Director's Chair . Some of these directors included John Carpenter , Quentin Tarantino , and George Miller . Rodriguez's favorite movie as a child was Escape to Witch Mountain , and admits that film, alongside Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory , Chitty Chitty Bang Bang , various James Bond films and various Ray Harryhaussen films influenced and inspired him while he

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600-413: A partnership with Cinedigm that would see the network relaunch as a FAST channel . As part of this agreement, Cinedigm will exclusively distribute Rodriguez's 2019 film, Red 11 , and a companion docuseries titled Rebel Without a Crew: The Robert Rodriguez Film School . El Rey would relaunch later that month via The Roku Channel on August 17. By 2024, Fuse Media would partner with El Rey to launch

650-751: A sense of humor. Bedhead was recognized for excellence in the Black Maria Film Festival. It was selected by Film/Video Curator Sally Berger for the Black Maria 20th-anniversary retrospective at MoMA in 2006. The short film Bedhead attracted enough attention to encourage him to seriously attempt a career as a filmmaker. He went on to shoot the action flick El Mariachi (1992) in Spanish; he shot it for around $ 7,000 with money raised by his friend Adrian Kano and from payments for his own participation in medical testing studies. During

700-428: A two-year first-look deal with HBO and HBO Max . In 2023, he released Spy Kids: Armageddon on Netflix . The film received mixed reviews from critics. Since 1998, Rodriguez has owned the film rights to Mike Allred 's off-beat comic Madman . The two have hinted at the project being close to beginning on several occasions without anything coming of it. However, other projects have been completed first. (Allred

750-522: A video of himself on the set of the episode playing a guitar next to Grogu. Rodriguez was also an executive producer on The Book of Boba Fett , a spin-off of The Mandalorian released in December 2021, where he also voiced Dokk Strassi and Mok Shaiz. In 2020, Rodriguez wrote and directed We Can Be Heroes , a Sharkboy and Lavagirl spinoff, which was released on December 25, 2020, on Netflix to mixed reviews. In August 2021, Rodriguez had signed

800-525: Is a close friend and frequent collaborator of filmmaker Quentin Tarantino , who founded the production company A Band Apart , of which Rodriguez was a member. In December 2013, Rodriguez launched his own cable television channel, El Rey . Rodriguez was born in San Antonio , Texas, the son of Mexican parents Rebecca ( née Villegas), a nurse, and Cecilio G. Rodríguez, a salesman. He began his interest in film at age eleven, when his father bought one of

850-427: Is also related to non-literary media including comic books , graphic novels (such as manga ), anime , action film , action television series, and action games . It includes martial arts action, extreme sports action, car chases and vehicles, hand-to-hand combat , suspense action, and action comedy , with each focusing in more detail on its own type and flavor of action. It is usually possible to identify

900-527: The Grindhouse DVD set instead. The Cooking School, titled "Texas Barbecue...from the GRAVE!", is a dish based on the "secret barbecue recipe" of JT Hague, Jeff Fahey 's character in the film. Rodriguez is a strong supporter of digital filmmaking , having been introduced to the practice by director George Lucas , who personally invited Rodriguez to use the digital cameras at Lucas's headquarters. He

950-611: The Once Upon a Time in Mexico DVD, Rodriguez began creating a series called "Ten Minute Cooking School" in which he revealed his recipe for "Puerco Pibil" (based on Cochinita pibil , an old dish from Yucatán ), the same food Johnny Depp 's character, Agent Sands, ate in the film. The popularity of this series led to the inclusion of another "Cooking School" on the two-disc version of the Sin City DVD where Rodriguez teaches

1000-603: The Christmas & Independence Day weekends and the Thanksgiving Way of the Turkey marathon of kung fu films. Robert Rodriguez Robert Anthony Rodriguez ( / r ɒ ˈ d r iː ɡ ɛ z / ; born June 20, 1968) is an American filmmaker, composer, and visual effects supervisor. He shoots, edits, produces, and scores many of his films in Mexico and in his home state of Texas . Rodriguez directed

1050-692: The College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin , where he also developed a love of cartooning. Not having grades high enough to be accepted into the school's film program, he created a daily comic strip entitled Los Hooligans. Many of the characters were based on his siblings – in particular, one of his sisters, Maricarmen. The comic ran for three years in the student newspaper The Daily Texan , while Rodriguez continued to make short films. Rodriguez shot action and horror short films on video and edited on two VCRs. In late 1990, his entry in

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1100-482: The SXSW festival. Rodriguez not only has the credits of producing, directing and writing his films, he also frequently serves as editor , director of photography , camera operator , steadicam operator, composer, production designer , visual effects supervisor, and sound editor on his films. This has earned him the nickname of "the one-man film crew". He abbreviates his numerous roles in his film credits; Once Upon

1150-558: The TV series for his own cable network, El Rey . Rodriguez has also worked with Kevin Williamson , on the sci-fi thriller film The Faculty . Rodriguez, formerly a member of Writers Guild of America West , left and maintained financial core status in 2001. That year, Rodriguez enjoyed his first Hollywood hit with Spy Kids , which went on to become a movie franchise. A third "mariachi" film also appeared in late 2003, Once Upon

1200-454: The "El Rey Rebel" FAST channel; which would air the network's original content, and carry combat sports programming as part Fuse's partnerships with Golden Boy Promotions and Combate Global . In June 2024, El Rey Rebel would begin distribution on DirecTV . El Rey Network's original programming included action genre series, sports, and lifestyle programming. Annual programming included a marathon of Toho -produced Godzilla films during

1250-513: The 1992 action film El Mariachi , which was a commercial success after grossing $ 2.6 million ($ 5.5 million in 2023 dollars) against a budget of $ 7,000 ($ 14,937 in 2023 dollars). The film spawned two sequels known collectively as the Mexico Trilogy : Desperado (1995) and Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003). Rodriguez directed From Dusk till Dawn in 1996 and developed its television series adaptation (2014–2016). He co-directed

1300-504: The 2005 neo-noir crime thriller anthology Sin City (adapted from the graphic novel of the same name ) and the 2014 sequel, Sin City: A Dame to Kill For . He is also the creator of the Spy Kids franchise, as well as The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D (2005), Planet Terror (2007), Machete (2010), We Can Be Heroes (2020), and also directed The Faculty (1998) and Alita: Battle Angel (2019). Rodriguez

1350-525: The Barbarella film. As of June 2008, plans to remake the film Barbarella with Rose McGowan as the lead have been delayed; the actress and director were instead remaking the film Red Sonja . In May 2008, Rodriguez was said to be shopping around a prison drama television series called Woman in Chains! , with Rose McGowan being a possibility for a lead role. In May 2009, Rodriguez planned to produce

1400-416: The U.S. I had heard sometimes FBI or DEA have a really tough job that they don't want to get their own agents killed on, they'll hire an agent from Mexico to come do the job for $ 25,000. I thought, "That's Machete . He would come and do a really dangerous job for a lot of money to him but for everyone else over here it's peanuts." But I never got around to making it." Rodriguez hoped to film Machete at

1450-618: The film 100 Years , which would not be released until 2115. In March 2017, it was announced that Rodriguez would direct a remake of the dystopian sci-fi action film Escape from New York , with original director John Carpenter producing. Rodriguez has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss 's book Tools of Titans . Rodriguez announced in April 2006 that he and his wife Elizabeth Avellán , with whom he had five children, had separated after 16 years of marriage. He reportedly had

1500-470: The film fared reasonably well at the box office. Machete is a feature film directed by Rodriguez and released in September 2010. It is an expansion of a fake trailer Rodriguez directed for the 2007 film Grindhouse . It starred Danny Trejo as the title character. Trejo, Rodriguez's 2nd cousin, has worked with him in some of his other movies such as Desperado , From Dusk till Dawn , Once Upon

1550-422: The film in his book Rebel Without a Crew (1995). Desperado was a sequel to El Mariachi that starred Antonio Banderas and introduced Salma Hayek to international audiences as her English-language breakthrough role. Rodriguez went on to collaborate with Quentin Tarantino on the vampire thriller From Dusk till Dawn (also both co-producing its two sequels ), and he wrote, directed, and produced

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1600-579: The first VCRs , which came with a camera. While attending St. Anthony High School Seminary in San Antonio, Rodriguez was commissioned to videotape the school's football games. According to his sister, he was fired soon afterward as he had shot footage in a cinematic style, getting shots of parents' reactions and the ball traveling through the air instead of shooting the whole play. In high school, he met Carlos Gallardo ; they both shot films on video throughout high school and college. Rodriguez went to

1650-415: The network was expected to debut by January 2014. In August 2012, Antoinette Alfonso Zel was announced as CEO. In May 2013, Univision Communications (now known as TelevisaUnivision USA ) announced that it would be an investor for El Rey, handling the sales and distribution of the network. In November 2013, it was announced that the production of From Dusk till Dawn: The Series had begun. Upon launch in

1700-489: The network's flagship series and both it, and the corresponding promotion, received positive reception. Dish Network would begin carrying El Rey in January 2015. The following month, El Rey was made available through cable company Suddenlink Communications in select markets. El Rey was added to AT&T U-verse and Verizon FiOS that same year. Between 2018 and 2020, various cable and satellite providers began dropping

1750-494: The network. On November 6, 2020, Univision announced it had sold its stake in El Rey, as part of a larger effort by the company to refocus on its core Spanish-language businesses. Soon after, it would be reported that El Rey would cease operations on December 31, though it was speculated that the network would relaunch as a streaming brand. The network went dark at 11:59 p.m. Pacific . On August 6, 2021, El Rey Network announced

1800-510: The nuances of philosophy and psychology are rarely explored in action fiction, typically being fast-paced mysteries that merely seek to provide the reader with an exhilarating experience. Action fiction can also be a plot element of non-literary works such as graphic novels and film. Action genre is a form of fiction whose subject matter is characterized by emphasis on exciting action sequences. This does not always mean they exclude character development or story-telling. The action genre

1850-852: The process of these medical studies, he met Peter Marquardt, who went on to act in El Mariachi . Rodriguez won the Audience Award for this film at the Sundance Film Festival in 1993. Intended for the Spanish-language low-budget home-video market, the film was "cleaned up" by Columbia Pictures with post-production work costing several hundred thousand dollars before it was distributed in the United States. Its promotion still advertised it as "the movie made for $ 7,000". Rodriguez described his experiences making

1900-404: The same time as Sin City: A Dame to Kill For . Additionally, during Comic-Con International 2008 , he took the time to speak about Machete, including such topics as: status, possible sequels after the release of Machete, and production priorities. It was also revealed that he has regularly pulled sequences from it for his other productions, including Once Upon a Time in Mexico . Machete

1950-485: The term "Robert Rodriguez list", i.e. the filmmaker compiling a list of things they have access to like cool cars, apartments, horses, samurai swords and so on, and then writing the screenplay based on that list. Rodriguez wrote a blurb for the book that stated: I'd been wanting to write a book for the new breed of digital filmmakers, but now I don't have to. My pal and fellow movie maker Stu Maschwitz has compressed years of experience into this thorough guide. Don't make

2000-471: The time of the network's closure. El Rey Network was one of two ethnic outlets created as part of an agreement between Comcast , NBC Universal , and the FCC as a condition for the merger between the former two broadcasters (the other network being Revolt ). The network's headquarters was in Austin, Texas , and launched as part of the digital basic service on some of Comcast's systems. Comcast announced that

2050-524: The viewer how to make "Sin City Breakfast Tacos", a dish (made for his cast and crew during late-night shoots and editing sessions) utilizing his grandmother's tortilla recipe and different egg mixes for the filling. He had initially planned to release a third "Cooking School" with the DVD release of Planet Terror but then announced on the "Film School" segment of the DVD that he would put it on

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2100-577: The visual style of Miller's comic art to be just as important as his own in the film. However, the Directors Guild of America would not allow it, citing that only "legitimate teams", e.g. , the Wachowskis , could share the director's credit. Rodriguez chose to resign from the DGA, stating, "It was easier for me to quietly resign before shooting because otherwise I'd be forced to make compromises I

2150-541: The week of December 15, 2013, El Rey was also offered by cable companies Time Warner Cable , with Bright House Networks offering soon later in January 2014, and Cox Communications by February 2014. Cablevision added the network on April 7, 2014. The first satellite service to host El Rey was DirecTV in January 2014. That year, lucha libre program Lucha Underground , featuring wrestlers from Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA) and produced by Mark Burnett , premiered on October 29, 2014. The show would go on to become

2200-540: Was based on a story conceived by Rodriguez's 7-year-old son, Racer, who was given credit for the screenplay. The film grossed over $ 69 million worldwide at the box office. Rodriguez wrote and directed the film Planet Terror as part of the double-bill release Grindhouse (2007). Quentin Tarantino directed Grindhouse' s other film. He has a series of "Ten Minute Film School" segments on several of his DVD releases, showing aspiring filmmakers how to make good, profitable movies using inexpensive tactics. Starting with

2250-472: Was instrumental in connecting Rodriguez with Frank Miller, leading to the production of Sin City .) In 2004, Allred, while promoting his comic book The Golden Plates , announced that a screenplay by George Huang was near completion. Allred announced at the 2006 WonderCon that production would likely commence on Madman the Movie in 2006. Huang is friends with Rodriguez, who advised him to pursue filmmaking as

2300-655: Was presented with the Extraordinary Contribution to Filmmaking Award at the 2010 Austin Film Festival . In 2010, Rodriguez produced a new Predator sequel, entitled Predators . This film's script was based on early drafts he had written after seeing the original. Rodriguez's ideas included a planet-sized game preserve and various creatures used by the Predators to hunt a group of abducted yet skilled humans. Opening to mostly positive reviews,

2350-637: Was released in theaters September 3, 2010, in the U.S. On May 5, 2010, Rodriguez responded to Arizona's controversial immigration law by releasing an "illegal" trailer on Ain't It Cool News. The fake trailer combined elements of the Machete trailer that appeared in Grindhouse with footage from the actual film, and implied that the film would be about Machete leading a revolt against anti-immigration politicians and border vigilantes. Several movie websites, including Internet Movie Database , reported that it

2400-528: Was the official teaser for the film. However, Rodriguez later revealed the trailer to be a joke, explaining "it was Cinco de Mayo and I had too much tequila ." In May 2020, Rodriguez announced, via an Instagram post in which he posed with a puppet of Grogu , that he would direct an episode from the second season of the Disney+ series The Mandalorian , part of the Star Wars franchise. He also tweeted

2450-415: Was unwilling to make or set a precedent that might hurt the guild later on." By resigning from the DGA, Rodriguez was forced to relinquish his director's seat on the film John Carter of Mars for Paramount Pictures . Rodriguez had already signed on and had been announced as director of that film, planning to begin filming soon after completing Sin City . Sin City was a critical hit in 2005 as well as

2500-1017: Was working on the Spy Kids series. He also said on IGN that children will support anything that is empowering to them, citing Home Alone and Mighty Morphin Power Rangers , saying " You can't understand, 'Why do you like Power Rangers?' Well, it's empowerment, and children – especially younger children – they need their mom just to go to the mall, you know? They can't drive themselves wherever they want. So when they see kids being very empowered, flying around in jet packs, being proactive, it's empowering to them ". Rodriguez has cast certain actors in more than one of his projects. Danny Trejo has appeared in ten of his projects, while Antonio Banderas , Salma Hayek , and Cheech Marin have all appeared in seven; Alexa PenaVega has appeared in six, and Jessica Alba , Daryl Sabara , Tom Savini , and Patricia Vonne have all appeared in five. Action fiction The intricacies of human relationships or

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