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26-534: It was known as Stepnoy (Степно́й) from 1944 to 1957. Elista was founded in 1865 as a small settlement, the name is from Kalmyk els(e)n 'sand(y)'. In November 1920, Elista became the administrative center of the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast . By the early 1930s, Elista was transformed into a small city as the collectivization policies of Joseph Stalin forced many Kalmyks to abandon their traditional pastoral nomadic lifestyle in exchange for

52-559: A temperate semi-arid climate (Köppen classification BSk ). Winters are cold with a January average high of −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) while summers are hot with a July average high of 24.5 °C (76.1 °F). The average annual precipitation is 349 millimetres (14 in) with winters being drier than summers. Record temperatures range from −34.0 °C (−29.2 °F) in January 1935 to 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) in July 2011. Elista

78-676: A modern, sedentary, and urban lifestyle. In October 1935, Elista was recognized as the capital of the Kalmyk ASSR . In late 1942, the city was briefly occupied by the German army. Because of alleged collaboration between the ethnic Kalmyks and the Germans, on December 27, 1943, the Kalmyk ASSR was dissolved and its ethnic Kalmyk residents were forcibly exiled to Siberia . Russian people were brought in to repopulate Elista, whose name

104-596: A museum of Kalmyk Buddhist art , which is also infrequently used as a conference center. During his visit in 1998, the 14th Dalai Lama chose a location west of the town center to build the Burkhan Bakshin Altan Sume , a Buddhist temple for city residents. It was opened in December 2005. It is the largest Buddhist temple in Europe. Elista has a small regional airport which is open daily during

130-618: A stone cross there while building the fortress in the city's future location. It is not related to Byzantine Stauroupolis (ancient Aphrodisias) in Asia Minor , nor to the city of Stavropol-on-Volga (now called Tolyatti). It was founded on October 22, 1777 following the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 as a military encampment, and was granted city status in 1785. Prince Grigory Potemkin , who founded Stavropol as one of ten fortresses built between Azov and Mozdok at

156-506: Is a city and the administrative centre of Stavropol Krai , in southern Russia . As of the 2021 Census , its population was 547,820, making it one of Russia's fastest growing cities. The name Stavropol (Russian: Ста́врополь ) is a Russian rendering of the Greek name, Stauropolis ( ‹See Tfd› Greek : Σταυρούπολις 'City of the Cross'). According to legend, soldiers found

182-538: Is located in the area of the Yergeni hills, in the upper part of the Elista valley. The sources of the river are located in the western part of the city. The Elista crosses the urban area from west to east, dividing it into two sections, a larger northern part and a smaller southern one. Elista has a hot-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfa ), although it has sometimes been described as

208-470: Is now estimated at 453,387. In 1950, the population of Stavropol was 108,353. Stavropol has grown by 3,293 since 2015, which represents a 0.73% annual change. Stavropol has a theater and an association football team called FC Dynamo Stavropol . The main educational institutions of the town include North-Caucasus Federal University , Stavropol State Agrarian University , and Stavropol State Medical University. The area of Russia in which Stavropol resides

234-428: Is run by private companies. Minibuses are available around every five minutes. This is the preferred option of most Kalmykians because of the minimal cost (10 rubles ). Population: 103,749 ( 2010 Census ) ; 104,254 ( 2002 Census ) ; 89,695 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Ethnic composition (2021): Elista is twinned with: Typhoon Elista were a motorcycle speedway team who regularly participated in

260-528: Is the capital of the republic. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated as the City of Elista —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the City of Elista is incorporated as Elista Urban Okrug . Since 1991, the town has been characterized by the slow decay of Soviet -built institutions, and

286-463: Is very mountainous, placing the city in the midst of the northern Caucasus mountain range. The city has one of the biggest city parks in Russia, 'Victory Park' covering up to 200 hectares. The city, like many other Russian cities has its own botanical garden , which covers up to 18 hectares, including 16 hectares of natural woods. Stavropol experiences a humid continental climate ( Dfa ), using

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312-512: The city of krai significance of Stavropol —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the city of krai significance of Stavropol is incorporated as Stavropol Urban Okrug . Stavropol's economy focuses on the production of automobiles, furniture, and construction equipment and materials. The city relies on air transport through Shpakovskoye airport as well as rail and highway connections to other Russian cities. Stavropol's 2021 population

338-722: The Germans and its airport was used as a base for the Luftwaffe (German air force) to bomb Soviet oil supplies in Grozny . The city was liberated by the Soviet Army in January 1943. Since 1946, natural gas has been extracted near the city; later on, a pipeline to supply Moscow was built. Stavropol is the administrative center of the krai . Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with one rural locality (the khutor of Grushevy ), incorporated as

364-757: The Soviet Union Championship from 15 April 1967 through to 1991. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the team disbanded. The team raced at the Elista Motordrome or Avtodrom located at ( 46°19′14″N 44°15′45″E  /  46.32056°N 44.26250°E  / 46.32056; 44.26250 ). Elista was previously home to a top tier football team. Uralan Elista played in the Russian Premier League from 1997 until 2000, and then 2001 until 2003 when

390-459: The 0°C (32°F) isotherm, with short but cold winters (though mild for Russia) and hot summers. Precipitation is rather low, with a 562 millimeters (22.1 in) annual average. Stavropol is not protected by the mountains in the winter months, so it can frequently get very cold. The lowest temperature recorded in Stavropol was −28.3 °C (−18.9 °F) on 8 February 2012 , while the highest

416-771: The Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite, Serafima Meletieva was born in 1886 at Stavropol. Piotr Mikhailovich Skarżyński (1744-1805), A Russian Major General. He served in the cavalry units of the Russian army and he commanded the Buzhan Cossacks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1791, he showed heroism during the assault on Ochakov and the defense of the Kinburn fortress. He was awarded

442-506: The large construction projects instigated by the republic's millionaire president Kirsan Ilyumzhinov . The town center has a number of renovated public parks focused on the main square, boasting statues to both Lenin and the Buddha . To the east of the town lies the Olympic village of the 1998 XXXIII Chess Olympiad , known locally as " City-Chess ". The site has a public swimming pool and

468-685: The national poet of Ossetia , Kosta Khetagurov . The first and only executive president of the Soviet Union , Mikhail Gorbachev (1931–2022), was born in Stavropol Krai and spent several years working in the city of Stavropol as the head of the krai 's administration. Gorbachev's chief mentor, long-time friend, and predecessor Yuri Andropov (1914–1984) was also born in Stavropol Krai. Actor Lev Gorn (born 1971) star of The Americans , and Serge de Sazo (1915–2012) Russian born French photographer, were born in Stavropol. An abbess of

494-752: The region. Stavropol's strategic location aided the Russian Empire 's conquest of the Caucasus . By the early 19th century the city grew into a busy trade center of the North Caucasus . In 1843, an Episcopal see of the Russian Orthodox Church was established in Stavropol and in 1847 the city became the seat of Stavropol Governorate . During the Russian Civil War the city changed hands several times and finally

520-572: The request of Catherine the Great , played a leading role in the creation of the city. Don Cossacks , particularly those from the Khopersky Regiment, settled the area in and around the cities of Stavropol and Georgiyevsk with a mission to defend borders of the Empire. Alexander I in 1809 invited several Armenian families to settle by the fortress, in order to encourage trade in

546-459: The route. Nowadays there is an airline, Azimuth, that provides air flights to Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Sochi, Crimea and Rostov on Don at affordable cost with direct flights from Elista airport. The price starts at 2500 rubles one way and it saves traveler a lot of time instead of traveling by bus as it was in the past. Within Elista itself, a network of about a dozen marshrutka (minibus) routes

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572-697: The team was dissolved. The team have been re-created multiple times since, sometimes known as FC Elista, although always at an amateur level. Kalmyk language Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 225135251 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:47:29 GMT Stavropol Stavropol ( Russian : Ставрополь , IPA: [ˈstavrəpəlʲ] ), known as Voroshilovsk from 1935 until 1943,

598-519: The week, providing flights to Moscow and various cities in the southern part of the Russian Federation. The airport was closed by the federal aviation authorities sometime in the fall of 2006, but was reopened sometime in 2007. Rail connections are available to Stavropol . Due to the high cost of air travel, people usually prefer to take the bus between Elista and Moscow. The trip is approximately 18 hours and makes several rest stops along

624-458: Was +39.7 °C (103.5 °F) on 8 August 2006 . Well-known Russians who have visited or resided in Stavropol include: Generals Alexander Suvorov (1730–1800), Alexey Yermolov (1777–1861), and Nikolay Raevsky (1771—1829); the poets Alexander Pushkin (1799–1837) and Mikhail Lermontov (1814–1841), who were in political disfavor, the surgeon Nikolay Pirogov (1810—1881), Alexander Griboyedov (1795–1829), Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910), and

650-520: Was captured by the Red Army from the Volunteer Army of general Anton Denikin on February 29, 1920. The city was renamed Voroshilovsk on May 5, 1935, after Kliment Voroshilov , but the original name was restored by decree on January 12, 1943. The Great Patriotic War took a heavy toll on the city and between August 3, 1942 and January 21, 1943 Stavropol was occupied by

676-406: Was changed to Stepnoy ( Степно́й ). It was called Stepnoy until 1957, when the survivors of the deportations were allowed to return from exile. Some western tourists started to visit Elista from the mid-1990s, and more after it received publicity as the host city of the 1998 Chess Olympiad . The city is safe and has little traffic. On the outskirts of Elista, there are vast grasslands. The city

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